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Common Operator Notation
In programming languages, scientific calculators and similar common operator notation or operator grammar is a way to define and analyse mathematical and other formal expressions. In this model a linear sequence of tokens are divided into two classes: operators and operands. Operands are objects upon which the operators operate. These include literal numbers and other constants as well as identifiers (names) which may represent anything from simple scalar variables to complex aggregated structures and objects, depending on the complexity and capability of the language at hand as well as usage context. One special type of operand is the parenthesis group. An expression enclosed in parentheses is typically recursively evaluated to be treated as a single operand on the next evaluation level. Each operator is given a position, precedence, and an associativity. The operator precedence is a number (from high to low or vice versa) that defines which operator takes an operand that is s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Programming Languages
A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. Programming languages are described in terms of their syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), usually defined by a formal language. Languages usually provide features such as a type system, variables, and mechanisms for error handling. An implementation of a programming language is required in order to execute programs, namely an interpreter or a compiler. An interpreter directly executes the source code, while a compiler produces an executable program. Computer architecture has strongly influenced the design of programming languages, with the most common type ( imperative languages—which implement operations in a specified order) developed to perform well on the popular von Neumann architecture. While early programming languages were closely tied to the hardware, over time they have developed more abstraction to hide implementation details for greater simplicity. Thousands of programming langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right-associative
In programming language theory, the associativity of an operator is a property that determines how operators of the same precedence are grouped in the absence of parentheses. If an operand is both preceded and followed by operators (for example, ^ 3 ^), and those operators have equal precedence, then the operand may be used as input to two different operations (i.e. the two operations indicated by the two operators). The choice of which operations to apply the operand to, is determined by the associativity of the operators. Operators may be associative (meaning the operations can be grouped arbitrarily), left-associative (meaning the operations are grouped from the left), right-associative (meaning the operations are grouped from the right) or non-associative (meaning operations cannot be chained, often because the output type is incompatible with the input types). The associativity and precedence of an operator is a part of the definition of the programming language; different ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operators In C And C++
This is a list of operators in the C and C++ programming languages. All listed operators are in C++ and lacking indication otherwise, in C as well. Some tables include a "In C" column that indicates whether an operator is also in C. Note that C does not support operator overloading. When not overloaded, for the operators &&, , , , and , (the comma operator), there is a sequence point after the evaluation of the first operand. Most of the operators available in C and C++ are also available in other C-family languages such as C#, D, Java, Perl, and PHP with the same precedence, associativity, and semantics. Many operators specified by a sequence of symbols are commonly referred to by a name that consists of the name of each symbol. For example, += and -= are often called "plus equal(s)" and "minus equal(s)", instead of the more verbose "assignment by addition" and "assignment by subtraction". Operators In the following tables, lower case letters such as a and b represe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operator (computer Programming)
In computer programming, an operator is a programming language construct that provides functionality that may not be possible to define as a user-defined function (i.e. sizeof in C) or has syntax different than a function (i.e. infix addition as in a+b). Like other programming language concepts, ''operator'' has a generally accepted, although debatable meaning among practitioners while at the same time each language gives it specific meaning in that context, and therefore the meaning varies by language. Some operators are represented with symbols characters typically not allowed for a function identifier to allow for presentation that is more familiar looking than typical function syntax. For example, a function that tests for greater-than could be named gt, but many languages provide an infix symbolic operator so that code looks more familiar. For example, this: if gt(x, y) then return Can be: if x > y then return Some languages allow a language-defined operator t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relational Operator
In computer science, a relational operator is a programming language construct or operator that tests or defines some kind of relation between two entities. These include numerical equality (e.g., ) and inequalities (e.g., ). In programming languages that include a distinct boolean data type in their type system, like Pascal, Ada, Python or Java, these operators usually evaluate to true or false, depending on if the conditional relationship between the two operands holds or not. In languages such as C, relational operators return the integers 0 or 1, where 0 stands for false and any non-zero value stands for true. An expression created using a relational operator forms what is termed a ''relational expression'' or a ''condition''. Relational operators can be seen as special cases of logical predicates. Equality Usage Equality is used in many programming language constructs and data types. It is used to test if an element already exists in a set, or to access to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Operations
In mathematics and computer programming, the order of operations is a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression. These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and an operation with a ''higher'' precedence is performed before operations with ''lower'' precedence. Calculators generally perform operations with the same precedence from left to right, but some programming languages and calculators adopt different conventions. For example, multiplication is granted a higher precedence than addition, and it has been this way since the introduction of modern mathematical notation, algebraic notation. Thus, in the expression , the multiplication is performed before addition, and the expression has the value , and not . When exponents were introduced in the 16th and 17th centuries, they were given precedence over both addition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolog
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving, and computational linguistics. Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and Horn clause, rules, which define Finitary relation, relations. A computation is initiated by running a ''query'' over the program. Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages and remains the most popular such language today, with several free and commercial implementations available. The language has been used for automated theorem proving, theorem proving, expert systems, term rewriting, type systems, and automated planning, as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing. See also Watson (computer). Prolog is a Turing-complete, general-purpose programming language, which is well-suited for inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exponentiation
In mathematics, exponentiation, denoted , is an operation (mathematics), operation involving two numbers: the ''base'', , and the ''exponent'' or ''power'', . When is a positive integer, exponentiation corresponds to repeated multiplication of the base: that is, is the product (mathematics), product of multiplying bases: b^n = \underbrace_.In particular, b^1=b. The exponent is usually shown as a superscript to the right of the base as or in computer code as b^n. This binary operation is often read as " to the power "; it may also be referred to as " raised to the th power", "the th power of ", or, most briefly, " to the ". The above definition of b^n immediately implies several properties, in particular the multiplication rule:There are three common notations for multiplication: x\times y is most commonly used for explicit numbers and at a very elementary level; xy is most common when variable (mathematics), variables are used; x\cdot y is used for emphasizing that one ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-associative
In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations that rearranging the parentheses in an expression will not change the result. In propositional logic, associativity is a Validity (logic), valid rule of replacement for well-formed formula, expressions in Formal proof, logical proofs. Within an expression containing two or more occurrences in a row of the same associative operator, the order in which the Operation (mathematics), operations are performed does not matter as long as the sequence of the operands is not changed. That is (after rewriting the expression with parentheses and in infix notation if necessary), rearranging the parentheses in such an expression will not change its value. Consider the following equations: \begin (2 + 3) + 4 &= 2 + (3 + 4) = 9 \,\\ 2 \times (3 \times 4) &= (2 \times 3) \times 4 = 24 . \end Even though the parentheses were rearranged on each line, the values of the expressions were not altered. Since this holds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left-associative
In programming language theory, the associativity of an operator is a property that determines how operators of the same precedence are grouped in the absence of parentheses. If an operand is both preceded and followed by operators (for example, ^ 3 ^), and those operators have equal precedence, then the operand may be used as input to two different operations (i.e. the two operations indicated by the two operators). The choice of which operations to apply the operand to, is determined by the associativity of the operators. Operators may be associative (meaning the operations can be grouped arbitrarily), left-associative (meaning the operations are grouped from the left), right-associative (meaning the operations are grouped from the right) or non-associative (meaning operations cannot be chained, often because the output type is incompatible with the input types). The associativity and precedence of an operator is a part of the definition of the programming language; different ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Calculator
A scientific calculator is an Electronics, electronic calculator, either desktop or handheld, designed to perform calculations using basic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, Division (mathematics), division) and advanced (Trigonometric functions, trigonometric, Hyperbolic functions, hyperbolic, etc.) mathematical Operation (mathematics), operations and Function (mathematics), functions. They have completely replaced slide rules as well as books of mathematical tables and are used in both educational and professional settings. In some areas of study and professions scientific calculators have been replaced by graphing calculators and financial calculators which have the capabilities of a scientific calculator along with the capability to graph input data and Function (mathematics), functions, as well as by numerical computing, computer algebra, statistical, and spreadsheet software packages running on personal computers. Both desktop and mobile software calculators can also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ternary Operator
In mathematics, a ternary operation is an ''n''- ary operation with ''n'' = 3. A ternary operation on a set ''A'' takes any given three elements of ''A'' and combines them to form a single element of ''A''. In computer science, a ternary operator is an operator that takes three arguments as input and returns one output. Examples The function T(a, b, c) = ab + c is an example of a ternary operation on the integers (or on any structure where + and \times are both defined). Properties of this ternary operation have been used to define planar ternary rings in the foundations of projective geometry. In the Euclidean plane with points ''a'', ''b'', ''c'' referred to an origin, the ternary operation , b, c= a - b + c has been used to define free vectors. Since (''abc'') = ''d'' implies ''b'' – ''a'' = ''c'' – ''d'', the directed line segments ''b'' – ''a'' and ''c'' – ''d'' are equipollent and are associated with the same free vector. Any three points in the plane ''a, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
