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Comisión Nacional De Los Mercados Y La Competencia
The Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (English: National Commission on Markets and Competition), abbreviated as CNMC, is a Spanish independent competition regulator responsible for enforcing competition law. It was established by virtue of the Spanish Competition Act (Ley de Defensa de la Competencia or LDC, the competition defence act, of 3 July 2007). It was preceded by the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia (Competition Defense Court) until 1 September 2007. Structure President * Luis Berenguer Fuster (until September 2011) * Joaquín García Bernaldo de Quirós (2011- ) Members of the Council * Pilar Sánchez Núñez * Julio Costas Comesaña * Jesús González López * Inmaculada Gutiérrez Carrizo * Luis Díez Martín Directors for Investigations * Carlos Pascual (until September 2008) * Clara Guzmán Zapater (2008-) Notable cases In 2021, CNMC fined eight companies including Siemens, Nokia and ACS Group a combined 127.3 million euros ($148 million) f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-ministerial Government Department
Non-ministerial government departments (NMGDs) are a type of Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom, department of the Government of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom government that deal with matters for which direct political oversight has been judged unnecessary or inappropriate. They are typically headed by British Civil Service, senior civil servants. Some fulfil a Regulatory agency, regulatory or inspection function, and their status is therefore intended to protect them from political interference. Some are headed by a permanent office holder, such as a Permanent Secretary or Second Permanent Secretary.Government Departments and Agencies , Government, Citizens and Rights, DirectGov. Overvi ...
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Sacyr
SACYR S.A. () is a Spanish infrastructure operator and developer company based in Madrid. History The company was founded in 1986 as Sociedad Anónima Caminos y Regadíos and was renamed Sacyr in 1991. The company received their first concession in 1996, which was the Chilean El Elquí highway. From this moment on, it began its expansion by adding concessions in Chile and Spain and making purchases such as that of Avasa, the highway between Bilbao and Zaragoza. In 2002, it acquired 24.5% of Vallehermoso, a leading Spanish housing business founded in 1921. In 2003 it merged with Vallehermoso to form Sacyr Vallehermoso. In June 2006, Isolux Corsán presented a takeover bid for Europistas at a price of 4.8 euros per share, which meant valuing the company at 646 million euros. On December 1, 2008, an agreement between the Citigroup fund and Sacyr was announced, whereby Sacyr disposed of its subsidiary for €7,887 million, €2,874 million in cash plus €5,013 million in net debt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competition Regulators
Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc. The rivalry can be over attainment of any exclusive goal, including recognition. Competition occurs in nature, between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. Animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other biological resources. Humans usually compete for food and mates, though when these needs are met deep rivalries often arise over the pursuit of wealth, power, prestige, and fame when in a static, repetitive, or unchanging environment. Competition is a major tenet of market economies and business, often associated with business competition as companies are in competition with at least one other firm over the same group of customers. Competition inside a company is u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Telecommunications Regulatory Bodies
Legal regulatory bodies that govern telecommunications systems in different countries are as follows. This list contains bodies ensuring effective regulatory role in a territory which is not necessarily a state, but is listed as "territory" or "economy" in the statistics of international institutions, in particular the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). By country International * African Telecommunications Union Caribbean Association of National Telecommunication Organisations(CANTO) * Caribbean Telecommunications Union * Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority(ECTEL) * European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations The European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) was established on 26 June 1959 by nineteen European states in Montreux, Switzerland, as a coordinating body for European state telecommunications and postal orga ... * Internationa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competition Regulator
A competition regulator is the institution that oversees the functioning of markets. It identifies and corrects practices causing market impediments and distortions through competition law (also known as antitrust law). In general it is a government agency, typically a statutory authority, sometimes called an Regulatory agency, economic regulator, that administrative law, regulates and enforces competition laws and may sometimes also enforce consumer protection laws. In addition to such agencies, there is often another body responsible for formulating competition policy. Many nations implement competition laws, and there is general agreement on acceptable standards of behaviour. The degree to which countries enforce their competition policy varies substantially. Competition regulators may also regulate certain aspects of mergers and acquisitions and business alliances and regulate or prohibit cartels and monopoly, monopolies. Other government agencies may have responsibilities in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competition And Markets Authority
The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is the principal competition regulator in the United Kingdom. It is a non-ministerial government department in the United Kingdom, responsible for promoting competitive markets and tackling unfair behaviour. The CMA launched in shadow form on 1 October 2013 and began operating fully on 1 April 2014, when it assumed many of the functions of the previously existing Competition Commission and Office of Fair Trading, which were abolished. The CMA also has consumer protection responsibilities and took on new digital markets regulation responsibilities in late 2024 under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024. The CMA alongside the European Commission, the United States Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, is a globally important antitrust agency. History On 15 March 2012, the UK Government's Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) announced proposals for strengthening competition in the U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundeskartellamt
The Federal Cartel Office (, ; BKartA) is Germany's national competition regulatory agency. First established in 1958, BKartA comes under the authority of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action. The agency is headquartered in Bonn, the former capital of West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi .... Since 2009, Andreas Mundt has served as the president of BKartA. References External links * * {{Authority control 1958 establishments in West Germany Consumer organisations in Germany German federal agencies Government agencies established in 1958 Competition regulators Federal authorities in Bonn Regulation in Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autorité De La Concurrence
The ; ) is France's national competition regulator. Its predecessor, the Competition Council, was established in the 1950s. The Competition Authority is an , responsible for preventing anti-competitive practices and monitoring the functioning of markets. It aims to ensure respect for the law linked "to the defense of a sufficient market competition". Although it is not considered a court, it pronounces injunctions, makes decisions, and if necessary, imposes penalties, subject to appeal to the Court of Appeal of Paris and the Court of Cassation. It also issues opinions. The main sources of law of its action are the Commercial Code (Book IV) and Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Its headquarters are in Paris, at 11 Rue de l'Echelle (some services such as the concentrations or the economy are at 6 avenue de l'Opéra) History Created by a decree of 9 August 1953 in the form of a commission attached to the Minister for the Econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obrascón Huarte Lain
Obrascón Huarte Lain, S.A. (); branded as OHLA Progress Enablers since July 2021, is a Spanish multinational construction and civil engineering company. The company is involved in infrastructure and commercial property construction, homebuilding and the operation of toll road and other transport concessions. In the latter, the group is particularly active in Mexico. OHLA also has a majority-owned American subsidiary called OHL USA which is based in College Point, New York. OHLA was founded by the $900 million merger in 1999 of the firms Obrascón-Huarte and Construcciones Lain. History The company's roots stretch back to May 1911 with the foundation of Sociedad General de Obras y Construcciones Obrascón, S.A. in Bilbao, whose first project was the construction of two wharfs in the Port of Lisbon. The company grew over the decades, being acquired first by the Banco de Bilbao in 1953 and then by Altos Hornos de Vizcaya 20 years later. Obrascón fell into financial difficult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competition Regulator
A competition regulator is the institution that oversees the functioning of markets. It identifies and corrects practices causing market impediments and distortions through competition law (also known as antitrust law). In general it is a government agency, typically a statutory authority, sometimes called an Regulatory agency, economic regulator, that administrative law, regulates and enforces competition laws and may sometimes also enforce consumer protection laws. In addition to such agencies, there is often another body responsible for formulating competition policy. Many nations implement competition laws, and there is general agreement on acceptable standards of behaviour. The degree to which countries enforce their competition policy varies substantially. Competition regulators may also regulate certain aspects of mergers and acquisitions and business alliances and regulate or prohibit cartels and monopoly, monopolies. Other government agencies may have responsibilities in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acciona
Acciona, S.A. () is a Spanish multinational conglomerate dedicated to the development and management of infrastructure (construction, water, industrial and services) and renewable energy. The company, via subsidiary Acciona Energía, produces 21 terawatt-hours of renewable electricity a year. The company was founded in 1997 through the merger of ''Entrecanales y Tavora'' and ''Cubiertas y MZOV''. The company's headquarters is in Alcobendas, Madrid (autonomous community), Community of Madrid, Spain. The company's U.S. operations are headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The Company employs 30,000 professionals, and it is to be found in 30 countries on five continents. The company is IBEX 35-listed and an industry benchmark. History The company can trace its origins back to ''MZOV'', a firm founded in 1862. In 1978 ''MZOV'' merged with ''Cubiertas y Tejados'', a business founded in 1916, to form ''Cubiertas y MZOV''. In 1997 the company merged with ''Entrecanales y Tavora'', a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
