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Colombia–Peru War
The Colombia–Peru War, also called the Leticia War, was a short-lived armed conflict between Colombia and Peru over territory in the Amazon rainforest that lasted from September 1, 1932, to May 24, 1933. In the end, an agreement was reached to divide the disputed area between both countries. The conflict was rooted in the Boundary Treaty of March 24, 1922, which transferred the Leticia district to Colombia, giving Colombia access to the Amazon river. The district was mostly inhabited by Peruvians, which fueled grievances among Peruvians and led them to seek to modify the treaty. Background Civilian takeover The Colombia–Peru War was the result of dissatisfaction with the Salomón–Lozano Treaty and the imposition of heavy tariffs on sugar. The National Patriotic Junta (), known also as the Patriotic Junta of Loreto (), was created on August 27, 1932, by Peruvian civilians Oscar Ordoñez and Juan La Rosa Guevara, in the presence of Lieutenant Colonel Isauro Calderón, Lieu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colombian–Peruvian Territorial Dispute
The Colombian–Peruvian territorial dispute was a territorial dispute between Colombia and Peru, which, until 1916, also included Ecuador.Ecuador and Colombia signed the Muñoz Vernaza-Suárez Treaty in 1916, ending their dispute. The dispute had its origins on each country's interpretation of what ''Real Cédula, Real Cedulas'' Spain used to precisely define its possessions in the Americas. After Spanish American wars of independence, independence, all of Spain's former territories signed and agreed to proclaim their limits in the basis of the principle of ''uti possidetis juris'', which regarded the Spanish borders of 1810 as the borders of the new republics. However, conflicting claims and disagreements between the newly formed countries eventually escalated to the point of armed conflicts on several occasions. The dispute between both states ended in the aftermath of the Colombia–Peru War, which led to the signing of the Rio Protocol (1934), Rio Protocol two years later, fin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amadeo Rodríguez Vergara
Amadeo is a Spanish name derived from the Latin theophoric name Amadeus. It may refer to: People * Amadeo I of Spain (1845–1890) * Amadeo Bordiga (1889–1970), founder of the Communist Party of Italy * Amadeo Giannini, co-founder of the Bank of America * Amadeo Labarta (1905–1989), Spanish footballer * Amadeo Marco Ilincheta (1900–1987), Spanish politician * Giovanni Antonio Amadeo, Italian sculptor * Mario Amadeo (1911–1983), Argentine politician, diplomat and writer * Mike Amadeo, American musician and composer * Roberta Amadeo (born 1970), Italian para-cyclist Other * Amadeo (Austrian record label) * Amadeo, Cavite, a municipality in Cavite, Philippines * Casa Amadeo, antigua Casa Hernandez, an historic Latin music store in New York City See also * *Amadea (other) *Amadee (other) *Amédée (other) *Amadeus (other) *Amadeu (given name), the Catalan and Portuguese variant of the name *Amedeo Amedeo is an Italian theophoric give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peruvian Army
The Peruvian Army (, abbreviated EP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with safeguarding the independence, sovereignty and integrity of national territory on land through military force. Additional missions include assistance in safeguarding internal security, conducting emergency management, disaster relief operations and participating in international peacekeeping operations. It celebrates the anniversary of the Battle of Ayacucho (1824) on December 9. History Military traditions in Peruvian territory go back to prehispanic times, ranging from small armed bands to the large armies assembled by the Inca Empire. After the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, Spanish conquest, small garrisons were kept at strategic locations but no standing army existed until the Bourbon reforms of the 18th century. The main purpose of this force was the defense of the Viceroyalty of Peru, Viceroyalty from pirates and Privateer, corsairs as well as internal rebellions. Independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariscal Ramón Castilla Province
Mariscal is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alberto Mariscal (1926–2010), American-born Mexican actor and film director * Ana Mariscal (1923–1995), Spanish film actress, director, screenwriter and film producer * Ángel Mariscal (1904—1979), Spanish footballer * Antonio Mariscal (1915–2010), Mexican lawyer and Olympic-level diver * Ignacio Mariscal (1829–1910), Mexican liberal lawyer, politician, writer, and diplomat * Javier Mariscal (born 1950), Spanish artist and designer * Jaziel Mariscal (born 1994), Mexican footballer * Kary Mariscal (born 1976), Bolivian politician * Marco Antonio Barba Mariscal (born 1970), Mexican politician * Margarita Mariscal de Gante (born 1954), Spanish judge and politician * Mark Mariscal (born 1979), American college and professional football * Silvia Mariscal Silvia Mariscal (born Silvia Ramírez Aguilar on September 13, 1946, in Mexico City, Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a count ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manifesto
A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as ''The Communist Manifesto'' (1848) and those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as ''creeds'' or ''confessions of faith''. Etymology The Italian word , itself derived from the Latin , meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's ''History of the Council of Trent'': "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).''Oxford English Dictionary,'' s.v. “manifesto (n.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irredentism
Irredentism () is one State (polity), state's desire to Annexation, annex the territory of another state. This desire can be motivated by Ethnicity, ethnic reasons because the population of the territory is ethnically similar to or the same as the population of the parent state. Historical reasons may also be responsible, i.e., that the territory previously formed part of the parent state. Difficulties in applying the concept to concrete cases have given rise to academic debates about its precise definition. Disagreements concern whether either or both ethnic and historical reasons have to be present and whether non-state actors can also engage in irredentism. A further dispute is whether attempts to absorb a full neighboring state are also included. There are various types of irredentism. For typical forms of irredentism, the parent state already exists before the territorial conflict with a neighboring state arises. There are also forms of irredentism in which the parent state is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Pedagogic University (Colombia)
The National Pedagogic University () is a National university, national Public university, public Normal University, normal university in Bogotá, Colombia. The university is under the Ministry of National Education of Colombia and began academic works as a female education institution. In 1962, it acquired a national and joint character. It offers 20 undergraduate academic programs and 19 graduate, within which is the only doctorate in education offered in the country, in agreement with the University of Valle, Universidad del Valle and District University of Bogotá, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. The National Pedagogic University has the principal goal of integral teacher training through a coherent educational plan based on the principles underlying its nature and rationale. teach excellence, quality, equity, membership and academic rigor of the training programs and processes in teaching, research and extension. That is because of its slogan "Educating Educa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Universal (Caracas)
''El Universal'' is a major Venezuelan newspaper, headquartered in Caracas.Browning, Mark (2003),Venezuela, ''World Press Encyclopedia'' ''El Universal'' is part of the Latin American Newspaper Association (Spanish, ''Periodicals Associates Latin-Americans''), an organization of leading newspapers in Latin America. Its main rival is ''El Nacional (Caracas), El Nacional.'' The newspaper does not disclose circulation figures. History ''El Universal'' was founded in April 1909 in Caracas by the Venezuelan poet Andrés Mata (writer), Andrés Mata and his friend Andrés Vigas, being the oldest of current Venezuelan newspapers. 20th century Its first headquarters were located in a house between the corners of Sociedad and San Francisco de Caracas, where Daniel Aramburu's printing press worked. The first issue, which came out that same day, was published on Marinoni machines of French origin. The editors of this first issue were Rafael Silva in the chronicle, Francisco López Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scielo
SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) is a bibliographic database, digital library, and cooperative electronic publishing model of open access journals. SciELO was created to meet the scientific communication needs of developing countries and provides an efficient way to increase visibility and access to scientific literature. Originally established in Brazil in 1997, today there are 16 countries in the SciELO network and its journal collections: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela. SciELO was initially supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), along with the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME). SciELO provides a portal that integrates and provides access to all of the SciELO network sites. Users can search across all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tariffs
A tariff or import tax is a duty imposed by a national government, customs territory, or supranational union on imports of goods and is paid by the importer. Exceptionally, an export tax may be levied on exports of goods or raw materials and is paid by the exporter. Besides being a source of revenue, import duties can also be a form of regulation of foreign trade and policy that burden foreign products to encourage or safeguard domestic industry. Protective tariffs are among the most widely used instruments of protectionism, along with import quotas and export quotas and other non-tariff barriers to trade. Tariffs can be fixed (a constant sum per unit of imported goods or a percentage of the price) or variable (the amount varies according to the price). Tariffs on imports are designed to raise the price of imported goods to discourage consumption. The intention is for citizens to buy local products instead, which, according to supporters, would stimulate their country's econom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leticia Perú 1932
Leticia (derived from the Latin greeting ''laetitia'' meaning ''joy'', ''gladness'', ''delight'') may refer to: People ;Given name * Saint Leticia, a venerated virgin martyr, saint * Queen Letizia of Spain (born 1972), queen consort of Spain * Leticia Avilés, Ecuadoran evolutionary biologist and ecologist * Letícia Birkheuer (born 1978), Brazilian model and actress * Leticia Brédice (born 1975), Argentine actress and singer * Letícia Bufoni (born 1993), Brazilian-American professional street skateboarder * Leticia Cáceres (born 1978), Australian stage and film director * Leticia Calderón (born 1968), Mexican actress * Leticia Carvalho (born 1973), Brazilian oceanographer and international civil servant * Leticia Cline (born 1978), American model * Letícia Colin (born 1989), Brazilian actress and singer * Letícia Costa (born 1995), Brazilian artistic gymnast * Leticia Costas (born 1990), Spanish tennis player. * Leticia Cossettini (1904-2004), Argentine teacher, pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
