|
Co-optation Strategy Of The Chinese Communist Party
The co-option, co-optation strategy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is a phenomenon which was popularized since the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, 16th National Party Congress in 2002, at the time of the Jiang Zemin administration. The purpose of the strategy is to integrate elites, such as entrepreneurs with skilled expertise, into the CCP. This strategy is seen as essential to win the support of the economic and political elites, as well as crucial for the party's long-term survival and success in promoting economic modernization. The origins of the China, People's Republic of China's transition to a more open and modern country dates back to the late-1970s, after the death of Mao Zedong. The Chinese economic reform, economic reform led by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 kickstarted the shift of the CCP from the traditional Maoism ideology towards a Socialist market economy, socialist market-oriented approach. These reforms have led to the opening up of both the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-option
Co-option, also known as co-optation and sometimes spelt cooption or cooptation, is a term with three common meanings. It may refer to: 1) The process of adding members to an elite Social group, group at the discretion of members of the body, usually to manage opposition and so maintain the stability of the group. Outsiders are "co-opted" by being given a degree of power on the grounds of their elite status, specialist knowledge, or potential ability to threaten essential commitments or goals ("formal co-optation"). Co-optation may take place in many other contexts, such as a technique by a dictatorship to control opposition. 2) The process by which a group subsumes or acculturates a smaller or weaker group with related interests, or the process by which one group gains converts from another group by replicating some aspects of it without adopting the full program or ideal ("informal co-optation"). Co-optation is associated with the cultural tactic of Recuperation (politics), re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wen Jiabao
Wen Jiabao ( zh, s=温家宝, p=Wēn Jiābǎo; born 15 September 1942) is a Chinese retired politician who served as the 6th premier of China from 2003 to 2013. In his capacity as head of government, Wen was regarded as the leading figure behind China's economic policy. From 2002 to 2012, he held membership in the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the country's ''de facto'' top power organ, where he was ranked third out of nine members and after General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, general secretary Hu Jintao and Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. He worked as the director of the General Office of the Chinese Communist Party between 1986 and 1993, and accompanied Party general secretary Zhao Ziyang as Zhao's personal secretary to Tiananmen Square during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, where Zhao called on protesting students to leave the square and after which Zhao was removed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Studies In Comparative International Development
The Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, soon to be renamed Watson School for International and Public Affairs, is an interdisciplinary research center at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. Its mission is to promote a just and peaceful world through research, teaching, and public engagement. The institute's research focuses on three main areas: development, security, and governance. Its faculty include anthropologists, economists, political scientists, sociologists, and historians, as well as journalists and other practitioners. Wendy J. Schiller is the Howard R. Swearer Interim Director of the Institute, as well as the Director of the A. Alfred Taubman Center for American Politics and Policy and Alison S. Ressler Professor of Political Science. Location The Institute occupies three buildings surrounding a central plaza located at the southern edge Brown's campus on the East Side of Providence, Rhode Island. The first is a modern and architecturally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The China Quarterly
''The China Quarterly'' (CQ) is a British triple-anonymous peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1960 on contemporary China including Taiwan. It is considered one of the most important academic journals about China in the world and is published by Cambridge University Press. It covers anthropology, business, literature, the arts, economics, geography, history, international affairs, law, politics, and sociology. Each issue contains articles, research reports, and a book review section. CQ is owned by the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London. Its editors are Timothy Hildebrandt (London School of Economics, LSE), Jieyu Liu (SOAS), and Tim Pringle (SOAS). History ''The China Quarterly'' began as an offshoot of ''Soviet Survey'', a journal published by the Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF). In 1959, Walter Laqueur, the editor of ''Soviet Survey'', asked sinologist Roderick MacFarquhar to edit the new journal, the first issue of which was rele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CEFC China Energy
CEFC China Energy () was a Chinese conglomerate. The company was among the 10 largest private companies in China in 2014. In 2017, the company was listed as 222 on the Fortune Global 500. In March 2020, the company—along with its subsidiaries CEFC Shanghai International and CEFC Hainan International—was declared bankrupt. The company used a complex web of affiliated companies to facilitate fake deals, inflate trade figures, and obtain bank loans to fuel its aggressive expansion. Industries In 2014, the company generated revenue mainly from oil and gas (60%) and financial services (25%). It also operated in a wide range of other sectors like transport infrastructure, forestry, asset management, hotel management, warehousing services, real estate development and logistics services. A large portion of CEFC's assets were concentrated in overseas markets. Controlling shareholder The controlling shareholder of CEFC was Shanghai Energy Fund Investment Ltd (SEFI), which was registe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ye Jianming
Ye Jianming (; born 23 February 1977) is a Chinese businessman. He is the founder and former chairman of CEFC China Energy Company Limited, a now defunct company that used to be a Global Fortune 500 energy and finance conglomerate. He has been under detention in China since March 2018 on charges of bribery. Prior to its bankruptcy, CEFC China under Ye's leadership was ranked 229 on the Fortune Global 500 List in 2016 and had a workforce of over 30,000. During his tenure, CEFC China funded the establishment of the Hong Kong–based think tank China Energy Fund Committee (CEFC), an NGO in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. From 2003 until 2005, he was the deputy secretary general of the China Association for International Friendly Contact (CAIFC). In April 2015, Ye became an economic advisor to Czech president Miloš Zeman. CEFC bribes for oil In November 2017, the U.S. Justice Department accused CEFC of offering a US$2 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anbang
Anbang Insurance Group () was a Chinese holding company whose subsidiaries mainly deal with insurance, banking, and financial services based in Beijing. As of February 2017, the company had assets worth more than (US$301 billion). The ''Financial Times'' described Anbang as "one of China’s most politically connected companies." Anbang was founded by Wu Xiaohui in 2004 as a regional car insurance company. Chen Xiaolu, a prominent princeling and son of Marshal Chen Yi, served as an early director, although Chen stated that he was merely an advisor and not a shareholder. Its founding shareholders included state-owned car maker Shanghai Automotive Industries Corp., which held a 20% stake. In 2005, state-owned oil company Sinopec bought a 20% share in Anbang. Anbang has more than 30,000 employees in China and is engaged in offering various kinds of insurance and financial products. Anbang's chairman, Wu Xiaohui, was detained in Beijing by government authorities on June 8, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Competition Law
Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement. It is also known as antitrust law (or just antitrust), anti-monopoly law, and trade practices law; the act of pushing for antitrust measures or attacking monopolistic companies (known as trusts) is commonly known as trust busting. The history of competition law reaches back to the Roman Empire. The business practices of market traders, guilds and governments have always been subject to scrutiny, and sometimes severe sanctions. Since the 20th century, competition law has become global. The two largest and most influential systems of competition regulation are United States antitrust law and European Union competition law. National and regional competition authorities across the world have formed international support and enforcement networks. Modern competition law ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alibaba Group
Alibaba Group Holding Limited, branded as Alibaba (), is a Chinese Multinational corporation, multinational technology company specializing in E-commerce in China, e-commerce, retail, Internet, and technology. Founded on 28 June 1999 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the company provides consumer-to-consumer (C2C), business-to-consumer (B2C), and business-to-business (B2B) sales services via Chinese and global marketplaces, as well as local consumer, digital media and entertainment, logistics, and cloud computing services. It owns and operates a diverse portfolio of companies around the world in numerous business sectors. On 19 September 2014, Alibaba's American initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange raised US$25 billion, giving the company a market value of US$231 billion and, by far, then the largest IPO in world history. It is one of the top 10 most valuable corporations, and is named the 31st-largest public company in the world on the Forbes Global 2000, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jack Ma
Ma Yun (; born 10 September 1964), or more commonly referred as Jack Ma, is a Chinese businessman and philanthropist. He is the founder of the Jack Ma Foundation, and co-founder of Alibaba Group and Yunfeng Capital. As of May 2025, Ma's net worth was estimated at 27.2 billion. After taking the '' gaokao'' three times, Ma earned a bachelor’s degree in English from Hangzhou Normal University in 1988 and was assigned as an English and international trade lecturer at Hangzhou Dianzi University. Interested in internet entrepreneurship since the 1980s, he founded his first business, Hangzhou Hope Translation Agency, in 1994. The following year, he created the agency’s website and then resigned from the university to establish Hangzhou Hope Computer Services Co., Ltd., one of China’s earliest internet startups, which operated an online yellow pages service for Chinese companies. In 1996, Ma’s company was acquired by China Telecommunications Corporation. Following an unsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xi Jinping Administration
Xi Jinping succeeded Hu Jintao as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2012, and later in 2016 was proclaimed the CCP's 4th leadership core, following Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, and Jiang Zemin. Xi Jinping secured an unprecedented third term as CCP General Secretary after the 20th CCP National Congress in 2022. The name general secretaryship of Xi Jinping is officially called the "Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary" () from 2012 to 2016, and "Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the Core" () since 2016. Xi's political ideas and principles, known as Xi Jinping Thought, have been incorporated into the party and national constitutions. As the central figure of the fifth generation of leadership of the PRC, Xi has centralized institutional power by taking on multiple positions, including new CCP committees on national security, economic and social reforms, military restructuring and modernization, and the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-corruption Campaign Under Xi Jinping
A far-reaching anti-corruption campaign began in China following the conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 2012. The campaign, carried out under the aegis of Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CCP, was the largest organized anti-corruption effort in the history of CCP rule in China. Upon taking office, Xi vowed to crack down on "tigers and flies", that is, high-level officials and local civil servants alike. Most of the officials investigated were removed from office and faced accusations of bribery and abuse of power, although the range of alleged abuses varied widely. The campaign 'netted' over 120 high-ranking officials, including about a dozen high-ranking military officers, several senior executives of state-owned enterprises, and five national leaders. As of 2023, approximately 2.3 million government officials have been prosecuted. The campaign is part of a much wider drive to clean up malfeasance within party ranks and shor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
