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Clubmen
Clubmen were bands of local defence vigilantes during the English Civil War (1642–1651) who tried to protect their localities against the excesses of the armies of both sides in the war. They sought to join together to prevent their wives and daughters being raped by soldiers of both sides, themselves being forcibly conscripted to fight by one side or the other, their crops and property being damaged or seized by the armies and their lives threatened or intimidated by soldiers, battle followers, looters, deserters or refugees. As their name suggests, they were mostly armed with cudgels, flails, scythes and sickles fastened to long poles. They were otherwise unarmed. Initially Clubmen gatherings came together spontaneously in response to the actions of soldiers in their localities but as the war went on Clubmen in some areas were organised by the local gentry and churchmen and were a force which both sides in the war had to take into account when planning a campaign and garrisoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shaftesbury
Shaftesbury () is a town and civil parish in Dorset, England. It is situated on the A30 road, west of Salisbury, near the border with Wiltshire. It is the only significant hilltop settlement in Dorset, being built about above sea level on a greensand hill on the edge of Cranborne Chase. The town looks over the Blackmore Vale, part of the River Stour basin. Shaftesbury is the site of the former Shaftesbury Abbey, which was founded in 888 by King Alfred and became one of the richest religious establishments in the country, before being destroyed in the dissolution in 1539. Adjacent to the abbey site is Gold Hill, a steep cobbled street used in the 1970s as the setting for Ridley Scotts television advertisement for Hovis bread. In the 2011 Census the town's civil parish had a population of 7,314. Toponymy Shaftesbury has acquired a number of names throughout its history. Writing in 1906, Sir Frederick Treves referred to four of these names from Celtic, Latin and Engli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shelsley
The Shelsleys are a group of small villages in the Malvern Hills District in the county of Worcestershire, England. Situated on either wide of the Teme Valley near the village of Clifton-upon-Teme, they encompass the formerly distinct civil parishes of Shelsley Beauchamp, Shelsley Kings and Shelsley Walsh. The three merged in 1972 and now share a single parish council. History Shelsley means " clearing on a slope" from Old English scelf " shelf (of land)" and leāh "wood, clearing". The name was recorded as ''Scillislege'' in 948. Charles Nott, the Parson of Shelsley, was a leader of the Clubmen who in 1645 drew up the Woodbury Declaration, which listed the grievances that local people had at the behaviour of Royalist forces in the area. Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 the Shelsleys Parish ceased to be responsible for maintaining the poor in its parish. This responsibility was transferred to Martley Poor Law Union. Shelsley Beauchamp Shelsley Beauchamp is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woodbury Hill
Woodbury Hill is a hill near the village of Great Witley, about south-west of Stourport-on-Severn in Worcestershire, England. It is the site of an Iron Age hillfort. Description The hill overlooks the River Teme to the south-west. The fort (a scheduled monument) has a single rampart with an external ditch. It has dimensions of about west to east and north to south, enclosing an area of about . There is an entrance with inturned ramparts at the south-west, and other entrances. A track leads north to south through the site.'Parishes: Great Witley', in ''A History of the County of Worcester: Volume 4'', ed. William Page and J W Willis-Bund (London, 1924), pp. 372-375 British History Online. Retrieved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clubmen Of Dorset And Wiltshire
The Clubmen of Dorset and Wiltshire were a paramilitary unit formed in late 1644 or early 1645, during the English Civil War, in the Dorset and Wiltshire region. As with other groups of Clubmen, they were formed for the purpose of self-protection from the deprivations of both the Parliamentarians and the Royalists, with their goal being the cessation of all hostilities. Background By late summer of 1644, Royalist commanders were facing significant difficulties supplying and quartering their troops in the face of indifference and hostility from the local population. This local response was due to the arrival of Prince Rupert's troops from the north; while the local population had previously reluctant supported local garrisons, they were hostile to these strangers. This response was then exacerbated by the defeats suffered by the Royalists in the summer and the autumn of that year, as it triggered a further withdrawal of support from the local population who sought to bring about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bunbury Agreement
The Bunbury Agreement of December 23, 1642 was a declaration of neutrality drawn up by some prominent gentlemen of the county of Cheshire shortly after the outbreak of the First English Civil War. Like similar attempts in Lancashire and other counties, it was ignored by both Parliament and Charles I, since the strategic importance of Cheshire and the city port of Chester meant national interests overruled local ones. History The outbreak of the First English Civil War in August 1642 led to a summer of skirmishes in Cheshire as both sides attempted to gain control of the region. Henry Mainwaring and Mr. Marbury of Marbury Hall for Parliament and Lord Kilmorey and Sir Orlando Bridgeman, son of the Bishop of Chester, for the Royalists agreed to meet on December 23 at Bunbury. They agreed that all fighting in Cheshire would end. All prisoners would be released, property taken during the conflict returned to its owners and any losses compensated by a levy on both sides. Fortificati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Covenanter
Covenanters ( gd, Cùmhnantaich) were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. The name is derived from '' Covenant'', a biblical term for a bond or agreement with God. The origins of the movement lay in disputes with James VI, and his son Charles I over church structure and doctrine. In 1638, thousands of Scots signed the National Covenant, pledging to resist changes imposed by Charles on the kirk; following victory in the 1639 and 1640 Bishops' Wars, the Covenanters took control of Scotland and the 1643 Solemn League and Covenant brought them into the First English Civil War on the side of Parliament. Following his defeat in May 1646 Charles I surrendered to the Scots Covenanters, rather than Parliament. By doing so, he hoped to exploit divisions between Presbyterians, and English Independents. As a result, the Scots supported Charles in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iwerne Courtney
Iwerne Courtney (), also known as Shroton, is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset. It lies approximately north-west of Blandford Forum. It is sited by the small River Iwerne between Hambledon Hill to the south-west and the hills of Cranborne Chase to the east. In 2001 the parish had 187 households and a population of 400. In 2013 the estimated population of the parish was 410. Toponymy The names Iwerne Courtney and Shroton both have long histories. Iwerne () is a Celtic rivername that perhaps refers to a goddess or may mean "yew-river". The village was recorded as ''Ywern'' in 877 AD, and in 1086 in the Domesday Book it was ''Werne''. The addition of Courtney is a result of land by the Iwerne stream being owned in the 13th century by the Courtenay family, the Earls of Devon. The name Shroton derives from the Old English ''scīr-rēfa'' and ''tūn'', meaning "sheriff's estate" or "sheriff's town",North Dorset District Council, ''Official District Guide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hambledon Hill
Hambledon Hill is a prehistoric hill fort in Dorset, England, situated in the Blackmore Vale five miles northwest of Blandford Forum. The hill itself is a chalk outcrop, on the southwestern corner of Cranborne Chase, separated from the Dorset Downs by the River Stour. It is owned by the National Trust. Prehistory Its earliest occupation was in the Neolithic when a pair of causewayed enclosures were dug at the top of the hill, one smaller than the other. They were linked by a bank and ditch running northwest–southeast. Two long barrows, one in length, also stood within the complex and a third enclosure is now known to underlie later earthworks. In all, the area of activity covered more than . Excavations in the 1970s and 1980s by Roger Mercer produced large quantities of Neolithic material. Environmental analysis indicated the site was occupied whilst the area was still wooded with forest clearances coming later, in the Bronze Age. The charcoal recovered seems to have come ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hillfort
A hillfort is a type of earthwork used as a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage. They are typically European and of the Bronze Age or Iron Age. Some were used in the post- Roman period. The fortification usually follows the contours of a hill and consists of one or more lines of earthworks, with stockades or defensive walls, and external ditches. Hillforts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC, and were used in many Celtic areas of central and western Europe until the Roman conquest. Nomenclature The spellings "hill fort", "hill-fort" and "hillfort" are all used in the archaeological literature. The ''Monument Type Thesaurus'' published by the Forum on Information Standards in Heritage lists ''hillfort'' as the preferred term. They all refer to an elevated site with one or more ramparts made of earth, stone and/or wood, with an external ditch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oliver Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English politician and military officer who is widely regarded as one of the most important statesmen in English history. He came to prominence during the 1639 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, first as a senior commander in the Parliamentarian army and then as a politician. A leading advocate of the execution of Charles I in January 1649, which led to the establishment of the Republican Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, he ruled as Lord Protector from December 1653 until his death in September 1658. Cromwell nevertheless remains a deeply controversial figure in both Britain and Ireland, due to his use of the military to first acquire, then retain political power, and the brutality of his 1649 Irish campaign. Educated at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, Cromwell was elected MP for Huntingdon in 1628, but the first 40 years of his life were undistinguished and at one point he contemplated emigrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Fleetwood
Charles Fleetwood (c. 1618 – 4 October 1692) was an English Parliamentarian soldier and politician, Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1652–1655, where he enforced the Cromwellian Settlement. Named Cromwell's Lieutenant General for the Third English Civil War, Fleetwood was thereafter one of his most loyal supporters throughout the Protectorate. After the Lord Protector's death, Fleetwood was initially supportive of his brother-in-law Richard Cromwell, but turned against him and forced him from power. Together with his colleague John Lambert he dominated government for a little over a year before being outmaneuvered by George Monck. At the Restoration he was included in the Act of Indemnity as among the twenty liable to penalties other than capital, and was finally incapacitated from holding any office of trust. His public career then closed. Early life Charles Fleetwood was the third son of Sir Miles Fleetwood of Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, and of Anne, daughter of Nicholas Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
