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Citroën DS3 R3T
The DS 3 (formerly known as Citroën DS3 and DS 3 Crossback) is a Supermini, luxury supermini initially produced by the French automobile manufacturer Citroën and officially launched in January 2010. Positioned below the DS 4, this was the first and entry-level model from the DS premium sub-brand (pronounced ''déesse'', which is French for ''goddess''), which was spun-off in 2016 into DS Automobiles. Originally manufactured as a three-door supermini hatchback with a convertible variation from 2009 to 2019, the second generation became a five-door Crossover SUV, named as ''DS 3 Crossback'' from 2018 to 2022. The model was named the "2010 Car of the Year" by ''Top Gear (magazine), Top Gear'', awarded first supermini four times in a row by the JD Power Satisfaction Survey UK and second most efficient supermini (Citroën DS3 1.6 e-HDi 115 Airdream: ) by ''What Car?'' behind the Citroën C3. In 2013, it was again the most sold premium subcompact car with 40% of these market shares ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citroën
Citroën ()The double-dot diacritic over the 'e' is a diaeresis () indicating the two vowels are sounded separately, and not as a diphthong. is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded on 4 June 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën has been owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired 89.95% share in 1976. Citroën's head office is located in the Stellantis Poissy Plant in Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine since 2021 (previously in Rueil-Malmaison) and its offices studies and research in Vélizy-Villacoublay, Poissy (CEMR), Carrières-sous-Poissy and Sochaux-Montbéliard. In 1934, the firm established its reputation for innovative technology with the Citroën Traction Avant, Traction Avant. This was the world's first car to be mass-produced with front-wheel drive and four-wheel independent suspension, as well as unibody construction, omitting a separate chassis, and instead using the body of the car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gurun, Kedah
Gurun is a mukim and a small town in Kuala Muda District, Kedah, Malaysia. "Gurun" in English means desert, however the town does not resemble in the slightest the meaning of its English translation. Rather, it derived its name from the word "gerun", which means terrify or "kurun" meaning elephant in the Siamese dialect. These words are associated with an incident during the reign of King Ekataat’s grandsons, Sultan Jaafar Mad Azam Syah, Sultan of the Islamic State of Ayutthia, who was killed in 1876 by the invading Thai armies when they crushed his body using an elephant. This incident took place behind the current Gurun Police Station. Government and politics Administratively, is under the district of Kuala Muda and falls within the local government administration of Sungai Petani Municipal Council. Gurun is designated as N22 for the Kedah State Legislative Council Zone and is represented by Baddrol Bakhtiar (Pakatan Nasional - PN) who defeated Firdaus Johari(Pakatan Harap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ford DLD Engine
The DLD is the name for an automobile engine family – a group of compact Straight-four engine, inline-four Diesel engines, involving development by Ford of Britain and/or PSA Group (Peugeot and Citroën), and also Mazda where it is called the MZ-CD or CiTD. The Ford of Britain/PSA and joint-venture for the production of the DLD/DV was announced in September 1998. Half of the total engine count are produced at Ford of Britain's main plant at Dagenham, England and at Ford's Chennai plant in India, the other half at PSA's Trémery plant in France. The inline-four engines are sold under the Ford Duratorq engine, DuraTorq TDCi name by Ford Motor Company, Ford, and as the PSA HDi engine, HDi by Citroën and Peugeot. Mazda also uses the Ford-made DLD engine in the Mazda2 and the Mazda3. Officially, there are three families of engines in the range: * The 1.4 L #DLD-414, DLD-414 is generally non-intercooled * The 1.5 L #DLD-415, DLD-415 derived from the 1.6 L * The 1.6&nbs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Engine
The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which Combustion, ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to Mechanics, mechanical Compression (physics), compression; thus, the diesel engine is called a compression-ignition engine (CI engine). This contrasts with engines using spark plug-ignition of the air-fuel mixture, such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or a gas engine (using a gaseous fuel like natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas). Introduction Diesel engines work by compressing only air, or air combined with residual combustion gases from the exhaust (known as exhaust gas recirculation, "EGR"). Air is inducted into the chamber during the intake stroke, and compressed during the compression stroke. This increases air temperature inside the Cylinder (engine), cylinder so that atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites. The torque a dies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Straight-four Engine
A straight-four engine (also referred to as an inline-four engine) is a four-cylinder Reciprocating engine, piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. The majority of automotive four-cylinder engines use a straight-four layout (with the exceptions of the flat-four engines produced by Subaru and Porsche) and the layout is also very common in motorcycles and other machinery. Therefore the term "four-cylinder engine" is usually synonymous with straight-four engines. When a straight-four engine is installed at an inclined angle (instead of with the cylinders oriented vertically), it is sometimes called a Slant-4 engine, slant-four. Between 2005 and 2008, the proportion of new vehicles sold in the United States with four-cylinder engines rose from 30% to 47%. By the 2020 model year, the share for light-duty vehicles had risen to 59%. Design A four-stroke straight-four engine always has a cylinder on its power stroke, unlike engines with fewer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Engine
Prince is the codename for a family of straight-four 16-valve all-aluminium gasoline engines with variable valve lift and variable valve timing developed by BMW and PSA Peugeot Citroën. It is a compact engine family of 1.4–1.6 L in displacement and includes most modern features such as gasoline direct injection and turbocharger. The BMW versions of the Prince engine are known as the N13 and the Mini versions are N12 (Double VANOS, Valvetronic at 6000 rpm) in 2007–2010 Cooper; N14 (Single VANOS, Turbocharged at 5500 rpm) in 2007–2010 Cooper-S; N14 (Single VANOS, Turbocharged at 6000 rpm) in 2009–2013 JCW Cooper; N16 (Double VANOS, Valvetronic at 6000 rpm) in 2011–2013 Cooper and N18 (Double VANOS, Valvetronic Turbocharged at 5500 rpm) in 2011–2013 Cooper-S. It replaced the Tritec engine family in the Mini and was first introduced in 2006 for MINI. Later in 2011 also for BMW models F20 and F21 114i, 116i and 118i . This was the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turbocharger
In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. Turbochargers are distinguished from superchargers in that a turbocharger is powered by the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases, whereas a is mechanically powered (usually by a belt from the engine's crankshaft). However, up until the mid-20th century, a turbocharger was called a "turbosupercharger" and was considered a type of supercharger. History Prior to the inv ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Straight-three Engine
A straight-three engine (also called an inline-triple or inline-three) is a three-cylinder piston engine where cylinders are arranged in a line along a common crankshaft. Less common than straight-four engine, straight-three engines have nonetheless been used in various motorcycles, cars and agricultural machinery. Design A crankshaft angle of 120 degrees is typically used by straight-three engines, since this results in an evenly spaced firing interval. Another benefit of this configuration is perfect primary balance and secondary balance, however an end-to-end rocking couple is induced because there is no symmetry in the piston velocities about the middle piston. A balance shaft is sometimes used to reduce the vibrations caused by the rocking couple. Other crankshaft angles have been used occasionally. The 1976–1981 Laverda Jota motorcycle used a 180 degree crankshaft, where the outer pistons rise and fall together and inner cylinder is offset from them by 180 degrees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of PSA Engines
The PSA Group (Peugeot/Citroën) sells a variety of automobile engines. Later HDi engines are built as part of a joint-venture with Ford Motor Company. DJ/DK The DJ/DK is a family of inline-four diesel engines derived from the 2.1-liter XUD engine. The DJ engines were for installation in commercial vehicles, while the DKs were for passenger cars. * DK5 — 2.5 L (2,446 cc) turbo Douvrin The Douvrin family, formally called ZDJ/ZEJ by Peugeot, was a family of all-aluminum inline-four petrol (and diesel engine, not used by Peugeot) made in a joint-venture between PSA and Renault from 1977 until 1996. * 2.0 (ZEJ) — 2.0 L (1995 cc) * 2.2 (ZDJ) — 2.2 L (2165 cc) NOTE: The six-cylinder PRV engine (Peugeot, Renault, Volvo) was built in the same factory in Douvrin, France. DT The DT is a family of diesel V6 engines shared between the PSA Group, Jaguar Land Rover and Ford Motor Company (where it is called AJD-V6). * DT17 &mda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrol Engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as '' E10'' and '' E85''). They may be designed to run on petrol with a higher octane rating, as sold at petrol stations. Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which run on diesel fuel and typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio. History The first practical petrol engine was built in 1876 in Germany by Nicolaus August Otto and Eugen Langen, although there had been earlier attempts by Étienne Lenoir in 1860, Siegfried Marcus in 1864 and George Brayton in 1873. Design Thermodynamic cycle Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle. Petrol engines have also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peugeot 208
The Peugeot 208 is a subcompact car (B-segment in Europe) produced by the French automaker Peugeot. Unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2012 and positioned below the larger 308, the 208 replaced the 207 in 2012, and is currently at its second generation. __TOC__ First generation (A9; 2012) The 208 was designed by a team under the direction of Pierre Authier who also designed the Peugeot 2008 Mk1. In November 2011, the initial 208 models were three-door hatchbacks produced at Peugeot's new plant in Trnava, Slovakia. As five-door hatchbacks became available in June 2012, production also started at Peugeot's French plants located in Mulhouse and Poissy. Design The first-generation 208, developed under the code name "A9," is constructed on the PSA PF1 platform. The car was unveiled in March 2012 at Geneva Motor Show 2012. It is (or on average) lighter than the 207, while still providing more room. The boot capacity is rated at ( VDA), which is more than the 207 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citroën C4 Cactus
The Citroën C4 Cactus is a subcompact crossover SUV, produced by French automaker Citroën in Spain between April 2014 and December 2017, with production of the second generation commencing in October 2017 (until May 2020 in Villaverde), with the final months of production being disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The C4 Cactus is considered a compact SUV, although it is based on the PSA PF1 platform that underpins the smaller Citroën C3 and Citroën DS3, DS3. A distinctive design feature is the "AirBump" panels on the car's sides, designed to protect the vehicle from damage in car parks. The Citroën Cactus Concept, presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show#2013, 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, previewed the production version. The C4 Cactus was presented at the Geneva Motor Show#2014, 2014 Geneva Motor Show. Overview Production started in April 2014 at PSA Peugeot Citroën, PSA's factory in Villaverde (Madrid), Villaverde, Madrid. Sales commenced in France in June 2014. It is a fiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
