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Cheng-Han Human Figurine
Cheng-Han (; 303 or 304 – 347) was a dynastic state of China listed as one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese historiography. Ruled by the Li clan of the Ba-Di people, its territory was based in what is modern-day Sichuan Province, China. The name Cheng-Han collectively refers to the state of Cheng (成; ''Chéng'') or Dacheng (大成; ''Dàchéng''), founded by Li Xiong in 304 (or by Li Te in 303) and the state of Han (漢; ''Hàn'') founded by Li Shou in 338. The state is also less commonly known as Later Shu (後蜀; ''Hòu Shǔ''). History Background The Li clan were originally Cong people from Baxi Commandery (巴西郡; in present-day Nanchong, Sichuan) in present-day Sichuan. When the Han chancellor, Cao Cao conquered Hanzhong in 215, Li Hu (李虎) led his family to surrender and migrated to Lüeyang Commandery, where they mingled with the local Di tribes. Their people became known as the Ba-Di, with “ Ba” referring to their ancestral homeland.Holcombe, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, reigns as head of state for the rest of their life, or until abdication. The extent of the authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy), to fully autocratic (absolute monarchy), and may have Political representation, representational, Executive (government), executive, legislative, and judicial functions. The Order of succession, succession of monarchs has mostly been Hereditary monarchy, hereditary, often building dynasties; however, monarchies can also be elective monarchy, elective and Self-proclaimed monarchy, self-proclaimed. Aristocracy (class), Aristocrats, though not inherent to monarchies, often function as the pool of persons from which the monarch is chosen, and to fill the constituting institutions (e.g. Diet (assembly), diet and Royal court, court), giving many monarchies oligarchic elements. The Legitimacy (political)#Monarchy, political legitim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sichuan
Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Chengdu, and its population stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai and Gansu to the north, Shaanxi and Chongqing to the east, Guizhou and Yunnan to the south, and Tibet to the west. During antiquity, Sichuan was home to the kingdoms of Ba and Shu until their incorporation by the Qin. During the Three Kingdoms era (220–280), Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhong's rebellion and the area's subsequent Manchu conquest, but recovered to become one of China's most productive areas by the 19th century. During World War II, Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China, and was heavily bombed. It was one of the last mainland areas captured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao Xin (Jin Dynasty)
Zhao Xin (died 301), courtesy name Heshu, was a military general and rebel of the Jin dynasty (266–420). A relative of Empress Jia Nanfeng, Zhao Xin rebelled and attempted to establish independence in Yi province after she was overthrown by the Prince of Zhao, Sima Lun in May 300. During his rebellion, he allied himself with Li Xiáng and the six commanderies refugees (六郡民流) of Guanzhong, but his suspicion led to his execution of Li Xiáng in 301. In retaliation, Li Xiáng's brothers, Li Te and Li Liu led their armies to attack Zhao Xin at Chengdu, causing him to flee and be later killed a subordinate. Early life and career Zhao Xin's ancestors were from Anhan County (安漢縣), Baxi Commandery (巴西郡), which is in present-day Nanchong, Sichuan. They were followers of the Celestial Master, Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and after Zhang Lu surrendered to Cao Cao and was relocated to Hebei in 215, his ancestors also decided follow him and settled down in Zhao Commandery ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yizhou (Southwest China)
Yizhou (益州), Yi Province or Yi Prefecture, was a '' zhou'' (province) of ancient China. Its capital city was Chengdu.de Crespigny, p. 256. During the Han dynasty, it included the commanderies Hanzhong, Ba, Guanghan, Shu, Wenshan, Jianwei, Zangke, Yuexi, Yizhou and Yongchang. It was bordered in the north by Liang Province and Yong Province. At its greatest extent, Yi covered present-day central and eastern Sichuan, Chongqing, southern Shaanxi and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou. History During the First Great Qiang Rebellion (107–118) in Liang Province,de Crespigny, p. 10–11. unrest also spread to the Hanzhong and Wudu commanderies. In 188, Liu Yan was appointed governor of Yi Province. Upon his death in 194, Yi passed to his son Liu Zhang. In 213, warlord Cao Cao conquered the city of Hanzhong from the Taoist cult leader Zhang Lu, and threatened the rest of Yi. Liu Zhang requested the help of warlord Liu Bei, a relative of his, but the latter turned against Zhang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guanzhong
Guanzhong (, formerly romanization of Chinese, romanised as Kwanchung) region, also known as the Guanzhong Basin, Wei River Basin, or uncommonly as the Shaanzhong region, is a historical region of China corresponding to the crescentic graben structural basin, basin within present-day central Shaanxi, bounded between the Qinling Mountains in the south (known as Guanzhong's "South Mountains"), and the Huanglong Mountain, Meridian Ridge and Mount Liupan, Long Mountain ranges in the north (collectively known as its "North Mountains"). The central plain, flatland area of the basin, known as the Guanzhong Plain (关中平原; pinyin: Guānzhōng Píngyuán), is made up of alluvial plains along the lower Wei River and its numerous tributaries and thus also called the Wei River Plain. The region is part of the Shanxi, Jin-Shaanxi, Shaan Basin Belt, a prominent section of the Shanxi Rift System, and is separated from its geological sibling — the Yuncheng Basin to its northeast — by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin Dynasty (266–420)
The Jin dynasty or Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the or the , was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420. It was founded by Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, eldest son of Sima Zhao, who had previously been declared the King of Jin. There are two main divisions in the history of the dynasty. The (266–316) was established as the successor to Cao Wei after Sima Yan usurped the throne from Cao Huan. The capital of the Western Jin was initially in Luoyang, though it later moved to Chang'an (modern Xi'an). In 280, after conquering Eastern Wu, the Western Jin ended the Three Kingdoms period and reunited China proper for the first time since the end of the Han dynasty. From 291 to 306, a series of civil wars known as the War of the Eight Princes were fought over control of the Jin state which weakened it considerably. In 304, the dynasty experienced a wave of Invasion and rebellion of the Five Barbarians, rebellions by non-Han Chinese, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qi Wannian
Qi Wannian (died February or March 299), or Qiwannian, was an ethnic Di (Five Barbarians), Di chieftain and rebel leader during the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dynasty of China. In 296, he became the leader of a tribal uprising against Jin in Qín Prefecture, Qin and Yong Province, Yong provinces that lasted until early 299. The rebellion raised concerns among some ministers regarding the tension between the Han Chinese, Han and tribal people while also triggering mass displacement and migration of refugees into Hanzhong Basin, Hanzhong and Sichuan. Prelude During the Han dynasty and Cao Wei period, the Guanzhong region was home to many ethnic groups such as the Qiang (historical people), Qiang and Di (Five Barbarians), Di. Due to oppression by local Han administrators, these groups, most notably the Qiang, would frequently rebel against the ruling dynasties and such events only intensified during the Western Jin period. In 270, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ba (state)
Ba (, Old Chinese: ''*Pˤra'') was an ancient state in eastern Sichuan, China. Its original capital was Yicheng ( Enshi City), Hubei. Ba was conquered by Qin in 316 BC. The historical Bo people and the modern Tujia people trace some of their origins back to the people of Ba. Ba, often described as a loose confederation or collection of chiefdoms, consisted of several loosely affiliated independent clans who recognized a king. The Ba clans were highly diverse, being composed of multiple tribes. Archeological evidence shows that the Ba people primarily relied on fishing and hunting, with low levels of agriculture and no evidence of irrigation. Territory Ba originally included territory in the Han Valley and had its capital at Yicheng, Hubei; however the ascendance of Chu pushed Ba westwards and further into the Sichuan Basin. Chu expansion also forced Ba to move its capital several times. According to the 4th century CE '' Chronicles of Huayang'' by Chang Qu, capitals or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Di (Five Barbarians)
The Di (; < Eastern Han Chinese *''tei'' < Old Chinese (Reconstructions of Old Chinese#Baxter–Sagart (2014), B-S): *''tˤij'') were an ancient ethnic group that lived in western China, and are best known as one of the non-Han Chinese peoples known as Five Barbarians that seized power in northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. This ethnic group should not be confused with the earlier Northern Di, Dí (狄), which refers to unrelated nomadic peoples in northern China during the earlier Zhou dynasty. The Ba-Di (巴氐) were a branch of the Di that intermixed with another ethnic group known as the Cong people (賨). History Origins As early as the Spring and Autumn period, the Di lived in areas of present-day Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and Shaanxi. They were culturally related to the Qiang (historical people), Qiang, but farmed in the river valleys and lived in wood-frame homes with mud walls.(Chinese[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lüeyang County
Lueyang County, or Lüeyang County (), is a county of Hanzhong, in the southwest of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Gansu province to the north and west and located on the upper reaches of the Jialing River. It was first founded in 111 BC. As a result of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, 95% of buildings in the county seat were damaged. In August 2020, the county seat was flooded by the Jialing River. Economy Formerly home to heavy industry, nowadays the local economy lags behind the rest of Shaanxi province. In 2014, 41% of the population lived in absolute poverty. Lueyang is an important agricultural base for Eucommia tree, walnuts, black mushroom and Shiitake. Administrative divisions As of 2019, Lueyang County is divided to 2 subdistricts and 15 towns. ;Subdistricts * Xingzhou Subdistrict (), county seat * Hengxianhe Subdistrict () ;Towns Climate Transport * Baoji–Chengdu railway The Baoji–Chengdu railway, Bao–Cheng railway or Bao–Cheng Line was formerly d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanzhong
Hanzhong ( zh, s= , t= , l=middle of the Han River (Hubei), Han River; abbreviation: Han) is a prefecture-level city in Southern Shaanxi, the southwest of Shaanxi, Shaanxi province, China, bordering the provinces of Sichuan to the south and Gansu to the west. The founder of the Han dynasty, Liu Bang, was once enfeoffed as the king of the Hanzhong region after overthrowing the Qin dynasty. During the Chu-Han contention, Liu Bang shortened his title to the King of Han (), and later used it as the name of his imperial dynasty. In this way, Hanzhong was responsible for the naming of the Han dynasty, which was later hailed as the first golden age in imperial Chinese history and lends its name to Han Chinese, the principal ethnic group in China. Hanzhong is located at the modern headwater of the Han River, the largest tributary of the Yangtze River. Hanzhong city covers and is centered around the Hantai District. The prefecture-level city consists of two urban district and nine rura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Cao
Cao Cao (; ; ; 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese statesman, warlord, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty (), ultimately taking effective control of the Han central government. He laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei (220–265), established by his son and successor Cao Pi, who ended the Eastern Han dynasty and inaugurated the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Beginning in his own lifetime, a corpus of legends developed around Cao Cao which built upon his talent, his cruelty, and his perceived eccentricities. Cao Cao began his career as an official under the Han government and held various appointments including that of a district security chief in the capital and the chancellor of a Jun (country subdivision), principality. He rose to prominence in the 190s during which he recruited his own followers, formed his own army, and set up a base in Yan Province (covering parts of present-day Henan and Shandong). In 196, he received E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
