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Chatham Islands
The Chatham Islands ( ; Moriori language, Moriori: , 'Misty Sun'; ) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about east of New Zealand's South Island, administered as part of New Zealand, and consisting of about 10 islands within an approximate radius, the largest of which are Chatham Island and Pitt Island, Pitt Island (''Rangiauria''). They include New Zealand's easternmost point, the Forty-Fours. Some of the islands, formerly cleared for farming, are now preserved as Protected areas of New Zealand, nature reserves to conservation in New Zealand, conserve some of the unique flora and fauna. The islands were uninhabited when the Moriori people arrived around 1500 CE and developed Nunuku-whenua, a peaceful way of life. In 1835, members of the Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama Māori iwi from the North Island of New Zealand invaded the islands and Moriori genocide, nearly exterminated the Moriori, slavery, enslaving the survivors. In the period of European colonisation, the New ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moriori Language
Moriori, or ('the Moriori language'), is a Polynesian languages, Polynesian language most closely related to Māori language, New Zealand Māori. It is spoken by the Moriori, the indigenous people of New Zealand's Chatham Islands ( in Moriori), an archipelago located east of the South Island. Moriori went extinct as a first language at the turn of the 20th century, but language revitalisation, revitalisation attempts are ongoing. Moriori is a Polynesian language that diverged from Māori dialects after centuries of isolation, while still remaining mutually intelligible. The language has a Guttural, guttural diction and consistent Apocope, suppression of terminal vowels, meaning that unlike in Māori words may end in consonants. History The Chatham Islands' first European contact was on 29 November 1791 with the visit of HMS Chatham (1788), HMS ''Chatham'', captained by William Broughton. The crew landed in Waitangi harbour and claimed the island for Britain. The Moriori geno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archipelago
An archipelago ( ), sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands. An archipelago may be in an ocean, a sea, or a smaller body of water. Example archipelagos include the Aegean Islands (the origin of the term), the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, the Stockholm Archipelago, the Malay Archipelago (which includes the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos), the Lucayan (Bahamian) Archipelago, the Japanese archipelago, and the Hawaiian Archipelago. Etymology The word ''archipelago'' is derived from the Italian ''arcipelago'', used as a proper name for the Aegean Sea, itself perhaps a deformation of the Greek Αιγαίον Πέλαγος. Later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea has a large number of islands). The erudite paretymology, deriving the word from Ancient Greek ἄρχι-(''arkhi-'', "chief") and πέλαγος (''pélagos'', "sea"), proposed by Buondelmonti, can still be found. Geograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. Enslavement is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see ). Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves would be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be granted freedom. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people voluntarily enter into slavery to pay a debt or earn money due to poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, and existed in most socie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moriori Genocide
The Moriori genocide was the mass murder, enslavement, and cannibalism of the Moriori people, the indigenous ethnic group of the Chatham Islands, by members of the mainland Māori New Zealand iwi Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama from 1835 to 1863. The invaders murdered around 300 Moriori and enslaved the remaining population. This, together with diseases brought by Europeans, caused the population to drop from 1,700 in 1835 to 100 in 1870. The last full-blood Moriori, Tommy Solomon, died in 1933. There remain just under a thousand people of mixed descent who identify as Moriori. Background Moriori The Moriori are the indigenous population of the Chatham Islands (Moriori: ), specifically Chatham Island and Pitt Island. Moriori share the same Polynesian ancestry as Māori people. According to oral tradition the Moriori came to the Chatham Islands from Eastern Polynesia around 1500 AD, a couple of hundred years after Māori first arrived on the mainland, and that later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Island
The North Island ( , 'the fish of Māui', historically New Ulster) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but less populous South Island by Cook Strait. With an area of , it is the List of islands by area, world's 14th-largest island, constituting 43% of New Zealand's land area. It has a population of which is % of New Zealand's residents, making it the most populous island in Polynesia and the List of islands by population, 28th-most-populous island in the world. Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are Whangārei, Auckland, Hamilton, New Zealand, Hamilton, Tauranga, Rotorua, Gisborne, New Zealand, Gisborne, New Plymouth, Napier, New Zealand, Napier, Hastings, New Zealand, Hastings, Whanganui, Palmerston North, and New Zealand's capital city Wellington, which is located at the south-west tip of the island. Naming and usage The island has been known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngāti Tama
Ngāti Tama is a Māori people, Māori iwi, tribe of New Zealand. Their origins, according to oral tradition, date back to Tama Ariki, the chief navigator on the Tokomaru (canoe), Tokomaru waka (canoe), waka. Their historic region is in north Taranaki, around Poutama, with the Mōhakatino River marking their northern boundary with the Tainui and Ngāti Maniapoto. The close geographical proximity of Tainui's Ngāti Toa of Kawhia and the Ngāti Mutunga explains the long, continuous, and close relationship among these three tribes. History Migration from Taranaki to Wellington The Ngāti Tama migrated south in the 1820s in search of better opportunities (e.g. trade) and to ensure their safety, as there was a conflict with musket-carrying Tainui people. They were led by their paramount chief Te Pūoho-o-te-rangi, along with his brother Te Kaeaea and other chiefs. Other tribes in the migration were Ngāti Mutunga and Te Ātiawa, the three tribes sharing the same heritage, which goes b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngāti Mutunga
Ngāti Mutunga is a Māori iwi (tribe) of New Zealand, whose original tribal lands were in north Taranaki. They migrated, first to Wellington (with Ngāti Toa and other Taranaki hapū), and then to the Chatham Islands (along with Ngāti Tama) in the 1830s. The ''rohe'' of the iwi include the Chatham Islands and part of north Taranaki. The principal marae are at Urenui in Taranaki, and on the Chatham Islands. The eponymous ancestor Mutunga, from whom Ngāti Mutunga claims its lineage, is a grandfather of Toa-rangatira, the eponymous ancestor of the Ngāti Toa tribe. “Mai Titoki ki Te Rau o Te Huia” saying, mentions their northern boundary with Ngāti Tama (Titoki), and southern boundary with Te Āti Awa (Te Rau o Te Huia). History Leaving Taranaki for Wellington Ngāti Mutunga's original territory, in north Taranaki, was invaded by Waikato tribes during the Musket Wars after a series of longstanding intertribal wars stretching back to at least 1807.Kelly, L. ''Tainui''. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nunuku-whenua
Nunuku-whenua was a sixteenth-century Moriori chief who is known for being a pacifist. The Moriori, a Polynesian people, migrated to Rēkohu (Chatham Islands) from mainland New Zealand around the year 1500. Their ancestors, the Wheteina and Rauru tribes of Hawaiki, intermarried with inhabitants already on the island known as the Hamata Tribe, who were descended from Rongomaiwhenua. Following bloody conflict between these three groups, Nunuku-whenua, a prominent Moriori chief, established "Nunuku's Law", which forbade the eating of human flesh and murder. He proclaimed: "Never again let there be war as there has been this day. Do not kill." There was an accompanying curse: "May your bowels rot the day you disobey". Moriori obeyed Nunuku's Law strictly, and maintained peace in the Chathams until 1835, when Ngāti Mutunga and the Ngāti Tama, two North Island iwi, arrived in the Rēkohu in search of resources and territories. They were initially welcomed by the Moriori before the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moriori
The Moriori are the first settlers of the Chatham Islands ( in Moriori language, Moriori; in Māori language, Māori). Moriori are Polynesians who came from the New Zealand mainland around 1500 AD, which was close to the time of the shift from the archaic to the classic period of Polynesian Māori culture on the mainland. Oral tradition records migration to the Chathams in the 16th century. The settlers' culture diverged from mainland Māori, and they developed a distinct Moriori language, mythology, artistic expression and way of life. Currently there are around 700 people who identify as Moriori, most of whom no longer live on the Chatham Islands. During the late 19th century some prominent anthropologists proposed that Moriori were Pre-Māori settlement of New Zealand theories, pre-Māori settlers of mainland New Zealand, and possibly Melanesians, Melanesian in origin; this hypothesis has been discredited by archaeologists since the early 20th century, but continue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservation In New Zealand
Conservation in New Zealand has a history associated with both Māori and Europeans. Both groups of people caused a loss of species and both altered their behaviour to a degree after realising their effect on indigenous flora and fauna. Protected areas New Zealand has thirteen national parks, forty four marine reserves and many other protected areas for the conservation of biodiversity. The introduction of many invasive species is threatening the indigenous biodiversity, since the geographical isolation of New Zealand led to the evolution of plants and animals that did not have traits to protect against predation. New Zealand has a high proportion of endemic species, so pest control is generally regarded as a high priority. The New Zealand Department of Conservation administers approximately 30% of New Zealand's land, along with less than 1% of the country's marine environment, for conservation and recreational purposes. It has published lists, under the New Zealand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protected Areas Of New Zealand
Protected areas of New Zealand are areas that are in some way protected to preserve their environmental protection, environmental, scientific, scenic, historical, cultural or recreational value. There are about 10,000 protected areas, covering about a third of the country. The method and aims of protection vary according to the importance of the resource and whether it is publicly or privately owned. Nearly 30 percent of New Zealand's land mass is publicly owned with some degree of protection. Most of this land – about – is administered by the New Zealand Department of Conservation, Department of Conservation. There are 13 National parks of New Zealand, national parks, thousands of Reserves Act 1977, reserves, 54 Conservation parks of New Zealand, conservation parks, and a range of other Conservation Act 1987, conservation areas. The department also manages 44 offshore and coastal Marine reserves of New Zealand, marine reserves. Any development in Coastal Marine Areas, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forty-Fours
The Forty-Fours are a group of islands in the Chatham Archipelago, about east of the main Chatham Island. They are called in Moriori and in Māori.Government of New Zealand, Dept. of Conservation (1999) Chatham Islands Conservation Management Strategy''. Accessed on 2012-07-13. The group includes the easternmost point of New Zealand, whose South Island is located about to the west. Scientists on the 1954 Chatham Islands expedition visited the islands recording prolific bird life including albatrosses and mollymawks. The region is one of only two breeding sites for the Chatham fulmar prion. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International due to it also supporting colonies of Buller's and northern royal albatrosses. See also * Desert island * List of islands This is a list of the lists of islands in the world grouped by country, by continent, by body of water A body of water or waterbody is any significant accumulation of water o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
