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Cerata
:''The tortrix moth genus ''Cerata'' is considered a junior synonym of ''Cydia (genus), Cydia. Cerata, singular ceras, are anatomical structures found externally in nudibranch sea slugs, especially in aeolid nudibranchs, marine animal, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Aeolidida. The word ceras comes from the Ancient Greek language, Greek word "κέρας", meaning "horn", a reference to the shape of these structures. Cerata are dorsum (biology), dorsal and lateral outgrowths on the upper surfaces of the body of these nudibranchs. Function Cerata greatly extend the surface area of nudibranchs and aid in aquatic respiration, respiration, the process of gas exchange for metabolic use. Cerata are also used, in some cases, for attack and defense. In many Aeolidida, aeolid nudibranchs, the digestive system extends into the cerata. These nudibranchs eat stinging celled animals (Cnidarians) such as sea anemone, anemones, hydrozoa, hydroids and sea fans or Portuguese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cydia (genus)
__NOTOC__ ''Cydia'' is a large genus of tortrix moths, belonging to the tribe (biology), tribe Grapholitini of subfamily Olethreutinae. Its distinctness from and delimitation versus the tribe's type genus ''Grapholita'' requires further study.Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009a)Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndashGenus ''Cydia'' account Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.Baixeras, J.; Brown, J.W. & Gilligan, T.M. (2009b)Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash''Cydia'' species list Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 2009-Jan-20.Savela, Markku (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms &ndash Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19.Savela, Markku (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms &ndash Version of 2005-Sep-13. Retrieved 2010-Apr-19. Moths in this genus are generally small and dull brown; their caterpillars are yellow or white and wormlike. ''Cydia'' includes many species of economic importance due to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tortrix Moth
The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera. This large family has over 11,000 species described, and is the sole member of the superfamily Tortricoidea, although the genus '' Heliocosma'' is sometimes placed within this superfamily. Many of these are economically important pests. Olethreutidae is a junior synonym. The typical resting posture is with the wings folded back, producing a rather rounded profile. Notable tortricids include the codling moth and the spruce budworm, which are among the most well-studied of all insects because of their economic impact. Description Tortricid moths are generally small, with a wingspan of 3 cm or less.Hanson, Paul E. (2018). ''Insects and Other Arthropods of Tropical America''. Cornell University Press. Many species are drab and have mottled and marbled brown colors, but some diurnal species are brightly colored and mimic other moths of the families Geometrid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek Language
Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek Dark Ages, Dark Ages (), the Archaic Greece, Archaic or Homeric Greek, Homeric period (), and the Classical Greece, Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athens, fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and Ancient Greek philosophy, philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Homeric Greek, Epic and Classical periods of the language, which are the best-attested periods and considered most typical of Ancient Greek. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autotomy
Autotomy (from the Greek ''auto-'', "self-" and ''tome'', "severing", αὐτοτομία) or 'self-amputation', is the behaviour whereby an animal sheds or discards an appendage, usually as a self-defense mechanism to elude a predator's grasp or to distract the predator and thereby allow escape. Some animals are able to regenerate the lost body part later. Autotomy is thought to have evolved independently at least nine times. The term was coined in 1883 by Leon Fredericq. Vertebrates Reptiles and amphibians Some lizards, salamanders and tuatara when caught by the tail will shed part of it in attempting to escape. In many species the detached tail will continue to wriggle, creating a deceptive sense of continued struggle, and distracting the predator's attention from the fleeing prey animal. In addition, many species of lizards, such as '' Plestiodon fasciatus'', '' Cordylosaurus subtessellatus'', '' Holaspis guentheri'', '' Phelsuma barbouri'', and '' Ameiva wetmorei'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnidosac
A cnidosac is an anatomical feature that is found in the group of sea slugs known as aeolid nudibranchs, a clade of marine (ocean), marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk, molluscs. A cnidosac contains cnidocytes, stinging cells that are also known as cnidoblasts or nematocysts. These stinging cells are not made by the nudibranch, but by the species that it feeds upon. However, once the nudibranch is armed with these stinging cells, they are used in its own defense. Description and functions The sea slugs within the nudibranch clade Aeolidida have protruding cerata (singular "ceras") on their dorsal surface. At the tip of each ceras is a small sac in which nematocysts (stinging cells) are stored. These nematocysts originate in the cnidarians (such as sea anemones, Hydroid (zoology), hydroids, jellyfish, corals, siphonophores, etc.) that are the food source for aeolid nudibranchs. Example ''Glaucus atlanticus'' is a blue pelagic aeolid nudibranch. Individuals in this species can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnidocyte
A cnidocyte (also known as a cnidoblast) is a type of cell containing a large secretory organelle called a ''cnidocyst'', that can deliver a sting to other organisms as a way to capture prey and defend against predators. A cnidocyte explosively ejects the toxin-containing cnidocyst which is responsible for the stings delivered by a cnidarian. The presence of this cell defines the phylum Cnidaria, which also includes the corals, sea anemones, hydrae, and jellyfish. Cnidocytes are single-use cells that need to be continuously replaced. Structure and function Each cnidocyte contains an organelle called a cnidocyst, which consists of a bulb-shaped capsule and a hollow, coiled tubule that is contained within. Immature cnidocytes are referred to as cnidoblasts or nematoblasts. The externally oriented side of the cell has a hair-like trigger called a cnidocil, a mechano-chemical receptor. When the trigger is activated, the tubule shaft of the cnidocyst is ejected and, in the case ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Man O' War
The Portuguese war (''Physalia physalis''), also known as the man-of-war or bluebottle, is a marine hydrozoan found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is the only species in the genus ''Physalia'', which in turn is the only genus in the family Physaliidae. The name ''man o’ war'' comes from the man-of-war, a sailing warship, and the animal's resemblance to the Portuguese version (the caravel) at full sail. The man o' war are part of the neuston, organisms that live on the surface of the water. A gas-filled bladder provides buoyancy that lets the animal stay afloat on the surface of the water while tentacles which can be up to165 ft (9 to 50 m) long hang below the surface, containing venomous Cnidocyte, cnidocytes that help capture prey. The cnidocytes can deliver a sting powerful enough to kill fish, and even, in some cases, humans. A sail on the bladder, which may be left or right-handed, propels it about the sea, often in groups. Although it superficially resembl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Fan
Alcyonacea is the old scientific order name for the informal group known as "soft corals". It is now an unaccepted name for class Octocorallia. It became deprecated . The following text should be considered a historical, outdated way of treating the taxonomy of Anthozoa and Octocorallia. Some, or many parts of it, are no longer valid. Any remaining information found to be still valid, should be carefully merged into Octocorallia. Alcyonacea are an order of sessile colonial cnidarians that are found throughout the oceans of the world, especially in the deep sea, polar waters, tropics and subtropics. Whilst not in a strict taxonomic sense, Alcyonacea are commonly known as soft corals. The term "soft coral" generally applies to organisms in the two orders Pennatulacea and Alcyonacea with their polyps embedded within a fleshy mass of coenenchymal tissue. Consequently, the term "gorgonian coral" is commonly handed to multiple species in the order Alcyonacea that produce a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa (hydrozoans; from Ancient Greek ('; "water") and ('; "animals")) is a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class (biology), class of individually very small, predatory animals, some solitary and some colonial, most of which inhabit saline water. The colony (biology), colonies of the colonial species can be large, and in some cases the specialized individual animals cannot survive outside the colony. A few genus, genera within this class live in freshwater ecosystem, freshwater habitats. Hydrozoans are related to jellyfish and corals, which also belong to the phylum (biology), phylum Cnidaria. Some examples of hydrozoans are the freshwater jelly (''Craspedacusta sowerbyi''), freshwater polyps (''Hydra (genus), Hydra''), ''Obelia'', Portuguese man o' war (''Physalia physalis''), chondrophores (Porpitidae), and pink-hearted hydroids (''Tubularia''). Anatomy Most hydrozoan species include both a polyp (zoology), polypoid and a medusa (biology), medusoid stage in their Biological ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Anemone
Sea anemones ( ) are a group of predation, predatory marine invertebrates constituting the order (biology), order Actiniaria. Because of their colourful appearance, they are named after the ''Anemone'', a terrestrial flowering plant. Sea anemones are classified in the phylum Cnidaria, class Anthozoa, subclass Hexacorallia. As cnidarians, sea anemones are related to corals, jellyfish, tube-dwelling anemones, and ''hydra (genus), Hydra''. Unlike jellyfish, sea anemones do not have a Jellyfish#Life history and behavior, medusa stage in their life cycle. A typical sea anemone is a single polyp (zoology), polyp attached to a hard surface by its base, but some species live in soft sediment, and a few float near the surface of the water. The polyp has a columnar trunk topped by an oral disc with a ring of tentacles and a central mouth. The tentacles can be retracted inside the body cavity or expanded to catch passing prey. They are armed with cnidocytes (stinging cells). In many specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnidaria
Cnidaria ( ) is a phylum under kingdom Animalia containing over 11,000 species of aquatic invertebrates found both in fresh water, freshwater and marine environments (predominantly the latter), including jellyfish, hydroid (zoology), hydroids, sea anemones, corals and some of the smallest marine parasites. Their distinguishing features are an uncentralized nervous system distributed throughout a gelatinous body and the presence of cnidocytes or cnidoblasts, specialized cells with ejectable flagella used mainly for envenomation and capturing prey. Their bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living, jelly-like substance, sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell (biology), cell thick. Cnidarians are also some of the few animals that can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Cnidarians mostly have two basic body forms: swimming medusa (biology), medusae and sessility (motility), sessile polyp (zoology), polyps, both of which are radially symmetrical with mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquatic Respiration
Aquatic respiration is the Biological process, process whereby an aquatic animal, aquatic organism exchanges Respiration (physiology), respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excretion, excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water. Unicellular and simple small organisms In very small animals, plants and bacteria, simple diffusion of gaseous metabolites is sufficient for respiratory function and no special adaptations are found to aid respiration. Passive diffusion or active transport are also sufficient mechanisms for many larger aquatic animals such as many worms, jellyfish, sponges, bryozoans and similar organisms. In such cases, no specific respiratory organs or organelles are found. Higher plants Although higher plants typically use carbon dioxide and excrete oxygen during photosynthesis, they also respire and, particularly during darkness, many plants excrete carbon dioxide and require oxygen to ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
