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Centipede
Centipedes (from Neo-Latin , "hundred", and Latin , "foot") are predatory arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek , ''kheilos'', "lip", and Neo-Latin suffix , "foot", describing the forcipules) of the subphylum Myriapoda, an arthropod group which includes millipedes and other multi-legged animals. Centipedes are elongated segmented ( metameric) animals with one pair of legs per body segment. All centipedes are venomous and can inflict painful stings, injecting their venom through pincer-like appendages known as forcipules or toxicognaths, which are actually modified legs instead of fangs. Despite the name, no species of centipede has exactly 100 legs; the number of pairs of legs is an odd number that ranges from 15 pairs to 191 pairs. Centipedes are predominantly generalist carnivorous, hunting for a variety of prey items that can be overpowered. They have a wide geographical range, which can be found in terrestrial habitats from tropical rainforests ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriapoda
Myriapods () are the members of subphylum Myriapoda, containing arthropods such as millipedes and centipedes. The group contains about 13,000 species, all of them terrestrial. Although molecular evidence and similar fossils suggests a diversification in the Cambrian Period, the oldest known fossil record of myriapods dates between the Late Silurian and Early Devonian, with '' Pneumodesmus'' preserving the earliest known evidence of air-breathing on land. Other early myriapod fossil species around the similar time period include '' Kampecaris obanensis'' and '' Archidesmus'' sp. The phylogenetic classification of myriapods is still debated. The scientific study of myriapods is myriapodology, and those who study myriapods are myriapodologists. Anatomy Myriapods have a single pair of antennae and, in most cases, simple eyes. Exceptions are the two classes of symphylans and pauropods, the millipede order Polydesmida and the centipede order Geophilomorpha, which are all ey ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolopendromorpha
Scolopendromorpha is an order of centipedes also known as tropical centipedes or bark centipedes. This order includes about 700 species in five families. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide, with tropical and subtropical regions providing the richest diversity in species. This order includes the only known amphibious centipedes, ''Scolopendra cataracta'', ''Scolopendra paradoxa'', and ''Scolopendra alcyona''.> Description The centipedes in this order are wikt:epimorphic, epimorphic, hatching with a full complement of segments. They usually possess 21 or 23 trunk segments with the same number of paired legs. The number of leg pairs is fixed at 21 for most species in this order and fixed at 23 for the remaining species, except for two species with intraspecific variation: ''Scolopendropsis bahiensis'', which has 21 or 23 leg pairs, and ''Scolopendropsis duplicata, S. duplicata'', which has 39 or 43 leg pairs. Species in this order have flattened bodies ranging from 9 mm to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forcipules
Forcipules are the modified, pincer-like, front legs of centipedes that are used to inject venom into prey. They are the only known examples of front legs acting as venom injectors. Nomenclature Forcipules go by a variety of names in both scientific and colloquial usages. They are sometimes known as poison claws or jaw legs, referencing their evolution from maxillipeds, a term which they are also sometimes known by in the context of centipedes (maxillipeds, maxillipedes). Other names include prehensors, telopodites, and forcipulae (singular forcipula). In the specific case in which the forcipules are used to inject venom, they are called toxicognaths (from ''toxic'' + the Greek '' gnathos'', jaw). The term forcipule references their similarity with forceps. Anatomy, systematics, and variation Forcipules evolved from the maxillipeds – front legs – of centipedes' last common ancestor A most recent common ancestor (MRCA), also known as a last common ancestor (LCA), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilus
''Geophilus '' is a large, heterogeneous genus of soil centipedes in the family Geophilidae largely considered to be synonymous with '' Brachygeophilus''. The generic name first appeared in Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia in 1814 as '' Geophilus electricus''. This genus has a Holarctic distribution. Description This genus is characterized by a claw-shaped ultimate pretarsus, complete or nearly complete coxo-pleural sutures at the prosternum, and incomplete chitin-lines. Centipedes in this genus feature slightly elongate heads and labral intermediate parts with tubercles, the forcipules Forcipules are the modified, pincer-like, front legs of centipedes that are used to inject venom into prey. They are the only known examples of front legs acting as venom injectors. Nomenclature Forcipules go by a variety of names in both sci ... are usually poorly elongate with a single small tubercle at the base of each tarsungulum, and the anterior trunk metasternites usually ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millipede
Millipedes (originating from the Latin , "thousand", and , "foot") are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a result of two single segments fused together. Most millipedes have very elongated cylindrical or flattened bodies with more than 20 segments, while pill millipedes are shorter and can roll into a tight ball. Although the name "millipede" derives from Latin for "thousand feet", no species was known to have 1,000 or more until the discovery in 2020 of '' Eumillipes persephone'', which can have over 1,300 legs. There are approximately 12,000 named species classified into 16 orders and around 140 families, making Diplopoda the largest class of myriapods, an arthropod group which also includes centipedes and other multi-legged creatures. Most millipedes are slow-moving detritivores, eat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithobius Forficatus
''Lithobius forficatus'', most commonly known as the garden centipede, brown centipede or stone centipede, is a common centipede of the family Lithobiidae. Description The species is between 18 and 30 mm long and up to 4 mm broad and is a chestnut brown coloration. It is similar to a variety of other European lithobiid centipedes, particularly the striped centipede, '' Lithobius variegatus'', but ''L. forficatus'' does not have stripes on its legs. Lithobiids leave the egg with seven pairs of legs, and each time they molt, they develop additional body segments with a new pair of legs on each. An adult will have a maximum of 15 pairs of legs. Distribution and habitat The species is found mainly in Europe and North America, as well as the Hawaiian Islands. Like most lithobiids, it is found in the upper layers of soil, particularly under rocks and rotting logs. Behaviour ''Lithobius forficatus'' may live for as long as five to six years. It can be fairly easily iden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolopendra Cataracta
''Scolopendra cataracta'' is a species of centipede in the family Scolopendridae. It is the first known amphibious centipede and grows to up to in length. Description ''Scolopendra cataracta'' is a giant centipede, growing to around in length; it has long legs and a greenish-black colour. When exposed, it escapes into water. It both runs along stream beds and swims with eel-like horizontal undulations of its body. Out of water, water rolls off the centipede's body leaving it dry as the surface is hydrophobic. The species was discovered, and the first specimen collected, in 2000 near Thailand's Khao Sok National Park. Two more specimens were collected near waterfalls in Laos. DNA analysis confirmed they belonged to ''S. cataracta''; the new species was named for the Latin for waterfall. A further specimen was found in the Natural History Museum's collection, in the shape of a misidentified 1928 centipede from Vietnam. The ecological niche is conjectured to be based on goi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craterostigmomorpha
The Craterostigmomorpha are the least diverse centipede clade, comprising only two extant species, both in the genus '' Craterostigmus''. Centipede Their geographic range is restricted to Tasmania and New Zealand. There is a single ocellus on each side of the head capsule. They have a distinct body plan; their anamorphosis comprises a single stage: in their first moult, they grow from having 12 trunk segments to having 15. Adult centipedes in this order, like those in Scutigeromorpha and Lithobiomorpha, have 15 leg-bearing segments. Their low diversity and intermediate position between the primitive anamorphic centipedes and the derived Epimorpha has led to them being likened to the platypus. They represent the survivors of a once diverse clade. Maternal brooding unites the Craterostigmomorpha with the Epimorpha into the clade Phylactometria which includes Craterostigmomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, and Geophilomorpha. This trait is thought to be closely linked with the presence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geophilomorpha
Geophilomorpha is an order of centipedes commonly known as soil centipedes. The name "Geophilomorpha" is from Ancient Greek roots meaning "formed to love the earth." This group is the most diverse centipede order, with 230 genera. These centipedes are found nearly worldwide but are absent in Antarctica and most Arctic regions. Description Centipedes in this order are epimorphic, hatching with a full complement of segments. These centipedes each have an odd number of leg-bearing segments ranging from 27 (in the genus '' Schendylops'') to 191 (in the species '' Gonibregmatus plurimipes''). They are eyeless and blind, with long and narrow bodies, ranging from yellow to brown in color and from about 1 cm to 22 cm in length. They bear spiracles on all leg-bearing segments except the first and the last. The antennae have 14 segments and are usually slightly attenuated. Suborders and families This order is a monophyletic group including two suborders: the monophyletic Placodesmata, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithobiomorpha
The Lithobiomorpha, also known as stone centipedes, are an order of anamorphic centipedes. Order They reach a mature segment count of 15 trunk segments. This group has lost the compound eyes, and sometimes has no eyes altogether. Instead, its eyes have a single ocellus or a group of ocelli. Its spiracles are paired and can be found laterally. Every leg-bearing segment of this organism has a separate tergite, these alternating in length apart from a pair of long tergites on each of segments 7 and 8. It also has relatively short antennae and legs compared to the Scutigeromorpha. Two families are included, the Henicopidae and Lithobiidae. Although they have previously been regarded as wholly carnivorous, feeding primarily on insects but also occasionally slugs and worms, they have been proven to feed on leaf litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutigeromorpha
Scutigeromorpha is an order of Centipede, centipedes also known as house centipedes. These centipedes are found in the temperate and tropical parts of every continent except Antarctica, with their distribution significantly expanded by the introduction of the Mediterranean species ''Scutigera coleoptrata'' throughout Europe, Asia, and North America. The common species ''S. coleoptrata'' is a typical representative of this order, lying in wait for other arthropods, then seizing prey using great speed, and all species in this order reflect adaptations for this mode of life. Description House centipedes are Anamorphic development, hemianamorphic, and adults in this order have 15 leg-bearing segments. Adults have bodies that measure 2 to 3.5 cm in length, but some can reach 8 cm in body length. Species in this order can be readily recognized by their long legs and Antenna (biology), antennae. The antennae end in annulated flagella that are each divided into two or three segments. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thereuopoda Clunifera
''Thereuopoda clunifera'' is a species of centipede Centipedes (from Neo-Latin , "hundred", and Latin , "foot") are predatory arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda (Ancient Greek , ''kheilos'', "lip", and Neo-Latin suffix , "foot", describing the forcipules) of the subphylum Myriapoda, ... in the genus '' Thereuopoda'' and the family Scutigeridae. It was described by Charles Thorold Wood in 1862. It has been seen visiting '' Mitrastemon yamamotoi'' flowers. References clunifera Taxa named by Charles Thorold Wood Animals described in 1862 {{Centipede-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
