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Calumma
''Calumma'' is a genus of chameleons, highly adapted and specialised lizards, in the Family (biology), family Chamaeleonidae. The genus is endemic to the island of Madagascar. One species, formerly known as ''Calumma tigris'' (the Seychelles tiger chameleon), was transferred to the genus ''Archaius'' in 2010, upon the discovery of its closer relation to ''Rieppeleon''—one of several genera referred to collectively as "leaf" or "pygmy" chameleons—rather than to ''Calumma''. The earliest known fossil of the genus is of ''Calumma benovskyi'', from early Miocene Kenya, showing that the genus likely originated on mainland East Africa. The genus includes one of the heaviest and longest chameleon species, the Parson's chameleon (''Calumma parsonii''). Species groups Four species groups are recognised within the genus ''Calumma'' (originally proposed by Frank Glaw, Glaw & Miguel Vences, Vences in 1994), some of which may be only phenetic, while others are phylogenetically supported: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Benovskyi
''Calumma benovskyi'' is an extinct species of chameleon of the ''Calumma'' genus. While species of this genus are only found on Madagascar today, ''C. benovskyi'' was discovered in the Miocene sediments of Kenya. This indicates that the genus and even chameleons as a whole did not originate on Madagascar, as often held previously, but on continental Africa. This matches with several prior studies that favor an African origin of the group both based on phylogenetic results and the ocean currents present between Africa and Madagascar during much of the Paleogene and Neogene. Additionally, since ''C. benovskyi'' was found to be a rather derived member of its genus, this would necessitate a much greater, as of yet unknown diversity of chameleons from the Oligocene and Miocene of Africa. History and naming The fossil material of ''Calumma benovskyi'' was discovered by Alan Walker in the Miocene sediments of the Kenyan Hiwegi Formation of Rusinga Island. The type specimen (KNM-RU 18340 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Parsonii
Parson's chameleon (''Calumma parsonii'') is a species of chameleon in the Family (biology), family Chamaeleonidae that is Endemism, endemic to eastern and northern Madagascar. It is found from lowlands to an altitude of above sea level and mainly inhabits humid primary forest, but can also occur in disturbed habitats with trees. For a chameleon, it is very large, long-lived and slow-reproducing. Etymology The Specific name (zoology), specific name, ''parsonii'', was coined in 1824 by Georges Cuvier in honor of British physician James Parsons (physician), James Parsons. Description The Parson's chameleon is usually considered the world's largest chameleon by weight and one of the largest by length (where it is surpassed by the Malagasy giant chameleon). Adult males typically weigh , have a casque on the top of their head and ridges running from above the eyes to the nose, forming two warty "horns". There are two recognized subspecies: The widespread nominate subspecies, ''Calu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parson's Chameleon
Parson's chameleon (''Calumma parsonii'') is a species of chameleon in the family Chamaeleonidae that is endemic to eastern and northern Madagascar. It is found from lowlands to an altitude of above sea level and mainly inhabits humid primary forest, but can also occur in disturbed habitats with trees. For a chameleon, it is very large, long-lived and slow-reproducing. Etymology The specific name, ''parsonii'', was coined in 1824 by Georges Cuvier in honor of British physician James Parsons. Description The Parson's chameleon is usually considered the world's largest chameleon by weight and one of the largest by length (where it is surpassed by the Malagasy giant chameleon). Adult males typically weigh , have a casque on the top of their head and ridges running from above the eyes to the nose, forming two warty "horns". There are two recognized subspecies: The widespread nominate subspecies, ''Calumma p. parsonii'', of both lowlands and mid-elevation altitudes, has no dorsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Nasutum
''Calumma nasutum'', the Madagascar pimple-nose chameleon, is a small species of chameleon found in Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f .... The taxonomic identity of the species is currently uncertain and in need of revision, and this revision is likely to result in several newly described species. Several different data sets indicate that ''C. nasutum'' is a complex of several species. Taxonomy ''Calumma nasutum'' belongs to the so-called "''C. nasutum'' species group" within the genus ''Calumma''. This group is a phenetic one, and has been reconstructed by some studies as being polyphyletic, but the species are unified by their small size and possession of a soft dermal appendage at the front of the nose ("rostral appendage"). The group currently consists o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Cucullatum
The hooded chameleon (''Calumma cucullatum'') is a Vulnerable species of chameleon endemic to north-east Madagascar; its geological type locality is Madagascar. It can be found in humid forests over an area of between above mean sea level. Distribution and habitat ''Calumma cucullatum'' can be found in north-eastern Madagascar, and its geological type locality is Madagascar, where it is found in humid forests. The species was once found at Marojejy National Park, the most northern where it has been recorded, and Marolambo, the southernmost. The species can be found at low elevations between . It has also been found in Tsararano, Anandrivola, and Masoala, and is found over an area of a total of . The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classed ''C. cucullatum'' as s vulnerable species, as it is threatened by many factors such as the slash-and-burn Slash-and-burn agriculture is a form of shifting cultivation that involves the cutting and burning of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Amber
''Calumma amber'', commonly known as the Amber Mountain chameleon, is a species of chameleons endemic to Antsiranana Province, Madagascar. The species was first observed in 1989 and was first described in 2006, and can only be found in the northernmost portion of the northern Diana Region of Madagascar, on and around Montagne d'Amber National Park. ''C. amber'' was originally considered to be a population of '' C. brevicorne.'' References Further reading * Raxworthy CJ, Nussbaum RA. 2006. Six new species of occipital-lobed ''Calumma'' chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae) from Madagascar, with a new description of ''Calumma brevicorne''. ''Copeia'' 2006 (4): 711–734. (''Calumma amber'', new species). amber Amber is fossilized tree resin. Examples of it have been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since the Neolithic times, and worked as a gemstone since antiquity."Amber" (2004). In Maxine N. Lurie and Marc Mappen (eds.) ''Encyclopedia ... Endemic fauna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Furcifer
''Calumma furcifer'', the “fork-nosed” chameleon, is a species of chameleon found in Madagascar, in the western Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), .... References Calumma Reptiles of Madagascar Reptiles described in 1880 Taxa named by Léon Vaillant Taxa named by Alfred Grandidier {{chameleon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chameleon
Chameleons or chamaeleons (Family (biology), family Chamaeleonidae) are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of Old World lizards with 200 species described as of June 2015. The members of this Family (biology), family are best known for their distinct range of colours, being capable of colour-shifting camouflage. The large number of species in the family exhibit considerable variability in their capacity to change colour. For some, it is more of a shift of brightness (shades of brown); for others, a plethora of colour-combinations (reds, yellows, greens, blues) can be seen. Chameleons are also distinguished by their zygodactylous feet, their prehensility, prehensile tail, their laterally compressed bodies, their head casques, their projectile tongues used for catching prey, their swaying gait, and in some species crests or horns on their brow and snout. Chameleons' eyes are independently mobile, and because of this the chameleon’s brain is constantly analyzing two sepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Archie Nussbaum
Ronald Archie Nussbaum (born February 9, 1942) is an American herpetologist. He works with evolutionary biology and ecology of amphibians and reptiles, including systematics of caecilians and salamanders. He is a professor emeritus at the University of Michigan. Education Nussbaum possesses a bachelor's, master's, and doctorate in biology from the University of Idaho, Central Washington University, and Oregon State University, respectively. Taxa described *'' Amietophrynus'' Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006 *'' Amphiglossus anosyensis'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Amphiglossus mandokava'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Amphiglossus punctatus'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1993 *'' Atretochoana'' Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 1995 *'' Boulengerula fischeri'' Nussbaum & Hinkel, 1994 *'' Brookesia ambreensis'' Raxworthy & Nussbaum, 1995 *'' Brookesia antakarana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Ambreense
''Calumma ambreense'' is a species of chameleon found in Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f .... References Calumma Reptiles of Madagascar Reptiles described in 1974 {{chameleon-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calumma Tigris
The tiger chameleon (''Archaius tigris''), (from Greek αρχαίος, meaning "ancient", archaic) also known as the Seychelles tiger chameleon, is the only species in the resurrected genus ''Archaius''. Initially placed into ''Chamaeleo'', it was for some time moved to the genus ''Calumma'' by some (Klaver & Böhme, 1986). It is an endangered species of chameleon, found only on the Seychelles islands of Mahé, Silhouette, Sainte Anne and Praslin. Endangered status It is listed as endangered on the international airport Red List, as well as on CITES Appendix II (The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), with its distribution limited to an area covering . A 2006 survey estimated the remaining global population to be just under 2,000 individuals. Description With a length of just , this species is relatively small for a chameleon. Body colour varies from inconspicuous light-grey to a bold yellow-orange, or even green or dark brown, us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Glaw
Frank Rainer Glaw (born 22 March 1966 in Düsseldorf) is a German Herpetology, herpetologist working at the Zoologische Staatssammlung München. Glaw studied biology in Cologne from 1987, where he completed his diploma. Thereafter, he attended the University of Bonn, from which he graduated in 1999, after completing his Ph.D. thesis titled ''Untersuchungen zur Bioakustik, Systematik, Artenvielfalt und Biogeographie madagassischer Anuren'' about the frogs of Madagascar, supervised by Professor Wolfgang Böhme. Since 1997, he has been the curator of herpetology at the Zoologische Staatssammlung München. Glaw's focus during and after his thesis work was the herpetofauna of Madagascar. Since the end of the 1980s, he has been working closely with Miguel Vences, currently professor for evolutionary biology and zoology at the Technische Universität Braunschweig. Together, they published ''A Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Madagascar'' in 1992, a benchmark work on the am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
