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Callichthyinae
Callichthyidae is a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes), called armored catfishes due to the two rows of bony plates (or scutes) along the lengths of their bodies. It contains some of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish, such as many species in the genus '' Corydoras''. Taxonomy The family derives its name from the Greek words ''kallis'' (beautiful) and ''ichthys'' (fish). Callichthyidae is one of six families in the superfamily Loricarioidea, and is sister to a clade formed by Scoloplacidae, Astroblepidae, and Loricariidae. Within the family Callichthyidae, the two subfamilies have eight genera and about 177 species, accounting for about 7% of all catfish. Most of these species are in the genus ''Corydoras'', the largest catfish genus. The subfamily Corydoradinae includes about 90% of the species in the family Callichthyidae and is one of the most diverse siluriform assemblages in the Neotropics, with about 170 valid species. It includes two tribes, Aspidoradini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callichthys
''Callichthys'' is a small genus of freshwater catfish in the Callichthyinae subfamily of the armored catfish family, and consists of 4 species from South America. The genus ''Callichthys'' is distributed in most freshwater drainages of South America. Taxonomy The type species for this genus is '' Silurus callichthys''. The name ''Callichthys'' is derived from the Greek ''kallos'' (beautiful) and ''ichthys'' (fish). 3 of the 4 species were described only relatively recently. The genus ''Callichthys'' is in need of taxonomic work, as it includes 13 nominal species but specimens of this genus are usually referred to as ''C. callichthys'' regardless of collecting locality. ''Callichthys'' is the most basal member of the subfamily Callichthyinae. Linnaeus described the first species in this genus in 1758, but three other members have been found since 1999. Species There are currently four recognized species in this genus: *''Callichthys callichthys'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cascarudo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dianema
''Dianema'' is a small genus of freshwater catfish in the Callichthyinae subfamily of the armored catfish family. The type species for this genus is ''Dianema longibarbis''. The name is derived from the Greek ''di'', meaning "two", and ''nema'', meaning "filament". The two species of ''Dianema'' share approximately the same distribution, and are found in the Amazon River and lower courses of its tributaries. ''Dianema'' species have the habit of swimming midwater, as opposed to the bottom as in most callichthyids. Species There are currently two described species in this genus: *'' Dianema longibarbis'' Cope The cope (known in Latin as ''pluviale'' 'rain coat' or ''cappa'' 'cape') is a liturgical vestment, more precisely a long mantle or cloak, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colours, litu ..., 1872 (Porthole catfish) *'' Dianema urostriatum'' ( A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912) (Flagtail catfish) References Calli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoplosternum
''Hoplosternum'' is a small genus of freshwater catfish in the Callichthyinae subfamily of the armored catfish family. A fossil catfish has been identified as ''Hoplosternum sp.'' from the middle Miocene in the La Venta formation, Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Taxonomy The name ''Hoplosternum'' is derived from the Greek ''hoplon'' (weapon) and ''sternon'' (chest). Species There are currently three described species in this genus: * '' Hoplosternum littorale'' ( Hancock, 1828) (Atipa) * ''Hoplosternum magdalenae'' C. H. Eigenmann, 1913 (Striped hoplo) * '' Hoplosternum punctatum'' Meek & Hildebrand, 1916 Distribution ''Hoplosternum'' species are found in tropical Central and South America especially in Guyana. It is called "Hassa" by the locals. Ecology ''Hoplosternum'' is normally found in large schools on the muddy bottoms of slow-moving rivers, pools, drainage ditches, and swampy areas. In water with low oxygen content, the fish are capable of utilizing atmosph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepthoplosternum
''Lepthoplosternum'' is a small genus of freshwater catfish in the Callichthyinae subfamily of the armored catfish family. Taxonomy The type species for this genus is ''Callichthys pectoralis''. The name is derived from the Greek ''leptos'', meaning "thin", the Greek ''hoplon'', meaning "weapon", and the Greek ''sternon'', meaning "chest" or "sternum". ''Lepthoplosternum'' is relatively basal among callichthyines, being sister to the clade comprising '' Megalechis'' + '' Dianema'' + '' Hoplosternum''. '' Callichthys'' is the most basal genus in the subfamily. ''L. stellatum'' and ''L. ucamara'' are hypothesized to form a partially unresolved polytomy with ''L. pectorale'' and ''L. beni'', which are sister-species to each other. ''L. tordilho'' is sister to these four species and ''L. altamazonicum'' is the most basal species. Species There are currently six recognized species in this genus: * ''Lepthoplosternum altamazonicum'' R. E. dos Reis, 1997 * ''Lepthoplosternum beni' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megalechis
''Megalechis'' is a small genus of freshwater catfish in the Callichthyinae subfamily of the armored catfish family. Taxonomy The name is derived from the Greek ''megas'', meaning "great", and the Greek ''lekis'', meaning "plate". No uniquely derived features are known for ''Megalechis''. A change in the synonymy of the species of ''Megalechis'' occurred in 2005. It is especially confusing because the name ''M. thoracata'' remains valid, but applies to the species formerly known as ''M. personata'', which becomes a new junior synonym of ''M. thoracata''. On the other hand, the species formerly known as ''M. thoracata'' is now named ''M. picta''. Species There are currently two recognized species in this genus: * '' Megalechis picta'' ( J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1849) (Spotted hoplo) * '' Megalechis thoracata'' (Valenciennes, 1840) Distribution Both species of ''Megalechis'' are distributed east of the Andes in the northern portion of South America, including the Amazonas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''palaiós'' meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The K–Pg extinction event, brought on by an asteroid impact and possibly volcanism, marked the beginning of the Paleocene and killed off 75% of living species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs. The end of the epoch was marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which was a major climatic event wherein about 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon were released into the atmosphere and ocean systems, causing a spike in global temperatures and ocean acidification. In the Paleocene, the continents of the Northern Hemisphere were still connected v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the ''base'' (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram. The term may be more strictly applied only to nodes adjacent to the root, or more loosely applied to nodes regarded as being close to the root. Note that extant taxa that lie on branches connecting directly to the root are not more closely related to the root than any other extant taxa. While there must always be two or more equally "basal" clades sprouting from the root of every cladogram, those clades may differ widely in taxonomic rank, species diversity, or both. If ''C'' is a basal clade within ''D'' that has the lowest rank of all basal clades within ''D'', ''C'' may be described as ''the'' basal taxon of that rank within ''D''. The concept of a 'key innovation' implies some degree of correlation between evolutionary innovation and diversification. However, such a correlation does not make a given case predicable, so ancestral characters should not be imputed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree Of Life Web Project
The Tree of Life Web Project is an Internet project providing information about the diversity and phylogeny of life on Earth. This collaborative peer reviewed project began in 1995, and is written by biologists from around the world. The site has not been updated since 2011, however the pages are still accessible. The pages are linked hierarchically, in the form of the branching evolutionary tree of life, organized cladistically. Each page contains information about one particular group of organisms and is organized according to a branched tree-like form, thus showing hypothetical relationships between different groups of organisms. In 2009 the project ran into funding problems from the University of Arizona. Pages and Treehouses submitted took a considerably longer time to be approved as they were being reviewed by a small group of volunteers, and apparently, around 2011, all activities ended. History The idea of this project started in the late 1980s. David Maddison was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotropics
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic kingdom. The Neotropic is delimited by similarities in fauna or flora. Its fauna and flora are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Alderton
David Alderton is an English writer specialising in pets and natural history topics. Growing up in a home surrounded by pets, he originally trained to become a veterinary surgeon. An allergic dermatitis acquired in his final year of study forced a change of career however, and so led him into the field of writing about pets and their care. He has since become a regular contributor of articles on this subject to a wide range of newspapers and magazines in the UK and abroad, and also participates frequently in radio and television programmes. As of 2010 his books have sold over five million copies, and have been translated into 30 different languages. Alderton's titles have won awards in the US from the Cat Writers' Association of America and the Maxwell Medallion from the Dog Writers' Association of America, as well as being nominated for the Sir Peter Kent Conservation Book Prize. He has also chaired the National Council for Aviculture, the umbrella organisation for bird-keeping c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synonym (taxonomy)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called ''Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, '' Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank - for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, 1758 is a junior synonym of ''Papilio levana'' Linnaeus, 1758, being names for different seasonal forms of the species now referred to as ''Araschnia l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corydoras Revelatus
''Corydoras revelatus'' is an extinct species of callichthyid catfish known from a single specimen found in Late Paleocene strata of the Mais Gordo Formation in Salta, Argentina. According to chronological dating of the strata, the fossil specimen is about 58.2–58.5 million years old. Compared to modern species, ''C. revelatus'' has a short, comparatively rounded head, and rather low-set eyes. Although the species's position within the genus ''Corydoras ''Corydoras'' is a genus of freshwater catfish in the family Callichthyidae and subfamily Corydoradinae. The species usually have more restricted areas of endemism than other callichthyids, but the area of distribution of the entire genus almos ...'' is tentative and unresolved, its anatomy confirms that it is a member of the subfamily, Corydoradinae, and demonstrates that the callichthyids had already diverging or diversifying before the end of the Paleocene. References * Lundberg, Sullivan, Discovery of African roots f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
