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CAMEL Application Part
The CAMEL Application Part (CAP) is a signalling protocol used in the Intelligent Network (IN) architecture. CAP is a Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE) user protocol, and as such is layered on top of the Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) of the SS#7 protocol suite. CAP is based on a subset of the ETSI Core and allows for the implementation of carrier-grade, value added services such as unified messaging, prepaid, fraud control and Freephone in both the GSM voice and GPRS data networks. CAMEL is a means of adding intelligent applications to mobile (rather than fixed) networks. It builds upon established practices in the fixed line telephony business that are generally classed under the heading of (Intelligent Network Application Part) or INAP CS-2 protocol.3GPP TS 29.078 - The 3GPP specification for CAP |
Intelligent Network
The Intelligent Network (IN) is the standard network architecture specified in the ITU-T Q.1200 series recommendations. It is intended for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks. It allows operators to differentiate themselves by providing value-added services in addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN, ISDN on fixed networks, and GSM services on mobile phones or other mobile devices. The intelligence is provided by network nodes on the service layer, distinct from the switching layer of the core network, as opposed to solutions based on intelligence in the core switches or equipment. The IN nodes are typically owned by telecommunications service providers such as a telephone company or mobile phone operator. IN is supported by the Signaling System #7 (SS7) protocol between network switching centers and other network nodes owned by network operators. Examples of IN services * Televoting * Call screening * Local number portability * Toll-free cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remote Operations Service Element Protocol
The Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE) is the OSI service interface, specified iITU-T Recommendation X.219, ISO/IEC International Standard 9072-1 that (a) provides remote operation capabilities, (b) allows interaction between entities in a distributed application, and (c) upon receiving a remote operations service request, allows the receiving entity to attempt the operation and report the results of the attempt to the requesting entity. OSI application protocols such as X.400 and X.500 use the services provided by ROSE. The ROSE protocol itself is defined using the notation of ASN.1. References * *International Telecommunication Union Recommendation X.219 *International Telecommunication Union Recommendation X.229 *ISO ISO 9072 See also *Remote procedure call *Abstract Syntax Notation One Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a standard interface description language (IDL) for defining data structures that can be serialized and deserialized in a cross-pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transaction Capabilities Application Part
Transaction Capabilities Application Part, from ITU-T recommendations Q.771-Q.775 or ANSI T1.114 is a protocol for Signalling System 7 networks. Its primary purpose is to facilitate multiple concurrent dialogs between the same sub-systems on the same machines, using Transaction IDs to differentiate these, similar to the way TCP ports facilitate multiplexing connections between the same IP addresses on the Internet. TCAP uses ASN.1 BER encoding, as well as the protocols it encapsulates, namely MAP in mobile phone networks or INAP in Intelligent Networks. Overview TCAP messages are sent over the wire between machines. TCAP primitives are sent between the application and the local TCAP stack. All TCAP messages are primitives but there are primitives that are not messages. In other words, some are only transferred inside the local machine. A TCAP primitive is made up of one or more TCAP components. An ITU-T TCAP primitive may be one of the following types: A Begin primitive h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Signaling System 7
Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is a set of telephony signaling protocols developed in the 1970s that is used to setup and teardown telephone calls on most parts of the global public switched telephone network (PSTN). The protocol also performs number translation, local number portability, prepaid billing, Short Message Service (SMS), and other services. The protocol was introduced in the Bell System in the United States by the name ''Common Channel Interoffice Signaling'' in the 1970s for signaling between No. 4ESS switch and No. 4A crossbar toll offices. The SS7 protocol is defined for international use by the Q.700-series recommendations of 1988 by the ITU-T. Of the many national variants of the SS7 protocols, most are based on variants standardized by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). National variants with striking characteristics are the Chinese and Japanese Telecommunication Technology Com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) is an independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization operating in the field of information and communications. ETSI supports the development and testing of global technical standards for ICT-enabled systems, applications and services. Overview and history ETSI was set up in 1988 by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations ( CEPT) following a proposal from the European Commission (EC). ETSI is the officially recognized body with a responsibility for the standardization of information and communication technologies (ICT). It is one of the three bodies officially recognized by the European Union as a European Standards Organisation (ESO), the others being CEN and CENELEC. The role of the ESOs is to support EU regulation and policies through the production of harmonised European Standards (ENs) and other deliverables. The standards developed by ESOs are the only ones that can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), also called 2.5G, is a mobile data standard on the 2G cellular communication network's Global System for Mobile Communications, global system for mobile communications (GSM). Networks and mobile devices with GPRS started to roll out around the year 2001; it offered, for the first time on GSM networks, seamless data transmission using Packet switching, packet data for an "always-on" connection (eliminating the need to "dial-up"), so providing improved Internet access for World Wide Web, web, email, Wireless Application Protocol, WAP services, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) and others. Up until the rollout of GPRS, only circuit switched data was used in cellular networks, meaning that one or more radio channels were occupied for the entire duration of a data connection. On the other hand, on GPRS networks, data is broken into small packets and transmitted through available channels. This increased efficiency also gives it theoretical data ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Customized Application Of Mobile Enhanced Logic
Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) is a set of standards designed to work on either a GSM core network or the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network(4g+LTE.+cGHsa+. The framework provides tools for operators to define additional features for standard GSM services/UMTS services. The CAMEL architecture is based on the Intelligent Network (IN) standards, and uses the CAP protocol. The protocols are codified in a series of ETSI Technical Specifications. Many services can be created using CAMEL, and it is particularly effective in allowing these services to be offered when a subscriber is roaming, like, for instance, No-prefix dialing (the number the user dials is the same no matter the country where the call is placed) or seamless MMS message access from abroad. CAMEL entities *GSM Service Control Function (gsmSCF) *GSM Service Switching Function (gsmSSF) *GSM Specialized Resource Function (gsmSRF) *GPRS Service Switching Function ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
INAP
INAP stands for Intelligent Network Application Protocol or Intelligent Network Application Part. It is the signalling protocol used in Intelligent Networking (IN). It is part of the Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) protocol suite, typically layered on top of the Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP). It can also be termed as logic for controlling telecommunication services migrated from traditional switching points to computer based service independent platform. Applications The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines several "capability levels" for this protocol, starting with Capability Set 1 (CS-1).{{cite web , url=https://www.informit.com/library/content.aspx?b=Signaling_System_No_7&seqNum=107 , title=Signaling System No. 7 | Intelligent Network Application Protocol (INAP) , publisher=InformIT , date=2008-07-18 , accessdate=2014-02-26 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304220101/https://www.informit.com/library/content.aspx?b=Signaling_ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PLMN
In telecommunication, a public land mobile network (PLMN) is a combination of wireless communication services offered by a specific operator in a specific country. A PLMN typically consists of several cellular technologies like GSM/ 2G, UMTS/ 3G, LTE/ 4G, NR/5G, offered by a single operator within a given country, often referred to as a cellular network. PLMN code A PLMN is identified by a globally unique PLMN code, which consists of a MCC (Mobile Country Code) and MNC (Mobile Network Code). Hence, it is a five- to six-digit number identifying a country, and a mobile network operator in that country, usually represented in the form 001-01 or 001–001. A PLMN is part of a: * Location Area Identity (LAI) (PLMN and Location Area Code) * Cell Global Identity (CGI) (LAI and Cell Identifier) * IMSI (see PLMN code and IMSI) Leading zeros in PLMN codes Note that an MNC can be of two-digit form and three-digit form with leading zeros. It is administered by the respective national ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abstract Syntax Notation One
Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a standard interface description language (IDL) for defining data structures that can be serialized and deserialized in a cross-platform way. It is broadly used in telecommunications and computer networking, and especially in cryptography. Protocol developers define data structures in ASN.1 modules, which are generally a section of a broader standards document written in the ASN.1 language. The advantage is that the ASN.1 description of the data encoding is independent of a particular computer or programming language. Because ASN.1 is both human-readable and machine-readable, an ASN.1 compiler can compile modules into libraries of code, codecs, that decode or encode the data structures. Some ASN.1 compilers can produce code to encode or decode several encodings, e.g. packed, BER or XML. ASN.1 is a joint standard of the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) in ITU-T Study Group 17 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Application Layer Protocols
Application may refer to: Mathematics and computing * Application software Application software is any computer program that is intended for end-user use not operating, administering or programming the computer. An application (app, application program, software application) is any program that can be categorized as ..., computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks ** Application layer, an abstraction layer that specifies protocols and interface methods used in a communications network * Function application, in mathematics and computer science Processes and documents * Application for employment, a form or forms that an individual seeking employment must fill out * College application, the process by which prospective students apply for entry into a college or university * Patent application, a document filed at a patent office to support the grant of a patent Other uses * Application (virtue), a characteristic encapsulated in diligence * T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
