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Banu Gómez
The Banu Gómez (Beni Gómez) were a powerful but fractious noble family living on the Castilian marches of the Kingdom of León from the 10th to the 12th centuries. They rose to prominence in the 10th century as counts in Saldaña, Palencia, Saldaña, Carrión de los Condes, Carrión and Liébana, and reached their apogee when, allied with Caliphate of Córdoba, Córdoba warlord, Almanzor, their head, García Gómez, expelled king Vermudo II of León and briefly ruled there. He would reconcile with the royal family, but launched two subsequent rebellions. On his death, the senior line of the family was eclipsed, but a younger branch would return to prominence, producing Pedro Ansúrez, one of the premier noblemen under king Alfonso VI of León, Alfonso VI and queen Urraca of León, Urraca in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. The family would be portrayed in the ''Cantar de Mio Cid'' as rivals and antagonists of the hero, El Cid, and their rebellions would serve as a basis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of León
The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. It was founded in 910 when the Christian princes of Kingdom of Asturias, Asturias along the Bay of Biscay, northern coast of the peninsula shifted their capital from Oviedo to the city of León, Spain, León. The List of Leonese monarchs, kings of León fought civil wars, wars against neighbouring kingdoms, and campaigns to repel invasions by both the Moors and the Vikings, all in order to protect their kingdom's changing fortunes. García I of León, García is the first of the kings described by the charters as reigning in León. It is generally assumed that the old Asturian kingdom was divided among the three sons of Alfonso III of Asturias: García (León), Ordoño II of León, Ordoño (Galicia (Spain), Galicia) and Fruela II of Asturias, Fruela (Asturias), as all three participated in deposing their father. When García died in 914, León went to Ordoño, who now ruled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunya (Arabic)
A () is a teknonym in an Arabic name, the name of an adult derived from their eldest son. A kunya is used as a component of an Arabic name, a type of epithet. Literally it refers to the bearer's first-born son or daughter, and this is the usual case. But it may instead have hypothetical or metaphorical references: an example would be Abu Hurayra, “father of the kitten”, the invariable name used for one of the companions of Muhammad who was known for his pet cat. Use of a kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting. A kunya is expressed by the use of '' abū'' (father) or '' umm'' (mother) in a genitive construction, i.e. "father of" or "mother of" as an honorific in place of or alongside given names in the Arab world and the Islamic world more generally. Medieval Jewish names generally had stock kunyas referencing the biblical eponym and not any relative. Those named Abraham received "abu Ishaq", those named Jacob, "abu Yusuf," and so on. In some cases the word ''ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hakam II
Al-Hakam II, also known as Abū al-ʿĀṣ al-Mustanṣir bi-Llāh al-Hakam b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān (; 13 January 915 – 1 October 976), was the Caliph of Córdoba. He was the second Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba in Al-Andalus, and son of Abd-al-Rahman III and Murjan. He ruled from 961 to 976. Rule Al-Hakam II succeeded to the Caliphate after the death of his father Abd-ar-Rahman III in 961. He secured peace with the Catholic kingdoms of northern Iberia, and made use of the stability to develop agriculture through the construction of irrigation works. Economic development was also encouraged through the widening of streets and the building of markets. Whilst the internal administration was left increasingly to vizir Al-Mushafi, general Ghālib ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān was gradually gaining influence as leader of the army in North Africa. He was chiefly preoccupied with repulsing the last Norman attacks (c. 970), and with the struggle against the Zirids and the Fatimids in north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramiro III Of León
Ramiro III ( 961 – 26 June 985), king of León (966–984), was the son of Sancho the Fat and his successor at the age of only five.Reinhart Dozy, ''Histoire des Musulmans d'espagne'' (1932). Family During his minority, the regency was in the hands of two nuns: his aunt Elvira Ramírez, who took the title of queen during the minority, and then his mother Teresa Ansúrez, who had been put in a convent on her husband's death. As a consequence of this, his reign is known for its support of the clergy. Reign Among the acts of his regents during his minority was their ratification of a peace treaty with Caliph al-Hakam II; he also confronted Vikings who had invaded Galicia. With the conclusion of the peace treaty, the vizier Almanzor invaded his realm. Upon reaching his majority and after his wedding to Sancha (d. after 983), perhaps daughter of Gómez Díaz, Count of Saldaña, Ramiro tried to institute an absolutist monarchy which resulted in the alienation of the already sepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elvira Ramírez Of León
Elvira is a female given name. It is believed to have first been recorded in medieval Spain, while other sources claim that it is likely of Germanic ( Gothic) origin. In the Balkans, Elvira is popular among Bosniaks, Croats, and Slovenes in the former Yugoslav nations. It is also popular among Albanians. The name is also written as Alvira in the region. The region also has a male equivalent to the name: Elvir (for example, Elvir Hadžić). People Nobility * Elvira Menéndez (died 921), daughter of Hermenegildo Gutiérrez and wife of Ordoño II of León * Elvira of Castile, Queen of León (965–1017) * Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily (c. 1100–1135), wife of Roger II, King of Sicily * Elvira of Castile, Countess of Toulouse (before 1082?–1151) * Elvira of Toro (1038/9–1101), daughter of King Ferdinand I of León * Elvira Menéndez (died 1022), Queen of León (1008–1022), wife of Alfonso V of León * Elvira Ramírez (c. 935–after 986), princess and regent of L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
García Fernández Of Castile
García Fernández, called of the White Hands () (Burgos, Córdoba, 995), was the count of Castile and Alava from 970 to 995. In May 995, he was captured by a raiding party while out hunting. Wounded in the encounter, he was sent to Cordoba as a trophy, but died at Medinaceli in June 995. Family The son of Count Fernán González and Queen Sancha Sánchez of Pamplona, in 970 he succeeded his father as Count of Castile. He continued to recognise the suzerainty of the Kingdom of León, even though he was practically autonomous. In order to expand his frontiers at the expense of the Moors, in 974 he expanded the social base of the nobility by promulgating decrees stating that any villein of Castrojeriz who equipped a knight for battle would enter the ranks of the nobility. He was succeeded by his son, Sancho I of Castile. Marriage and issue Around 960, Garcia married Ava de Ribagorza, daughter of Raymond II, count of Ribagorza. They had seven children: *Mayor García, mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
García Sánchez II Of Pamplona
García Sánchez II (Basque: ''Gartzea II.a Santxez''; died ), was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 994 until his death . He was the eldest son of Sancho II of Pamplona and Urraca Fernández and the second Pamplonese monarch to also hold the title of count of Aragon. Modern historians refer to him as ''the Tremulous'', though this appellation likely originally applied to his grandfather, García Sánchez I of Pamplona. Biography Throughout his reign, his foreign policy seems to have been closely linked to that of Castile. His mother was an aunt of count Sancho García of Castile, and also of the powerful count of Saldaña, García Gómez of Carrión, and she appears to have played a role in forming a bridge between the kingdom and county. He joined his cousin Sancho in attempting to break from the submission his father had offered to Córdoba, as a result of which he had to face Almanzor. In 996 he was forced to seek peace in Córdoba. In 997 during an exped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munio Núñez
Munio Núñez, Count of Castile (899– and c. 904–c. 909), was a nobleman who was almost certainly the son of Nuño Muñoz, who would have been the son of Munio Núñez de Brañosera who in 824, with his wife Argilo, granted the '' Carta Puebla de Brañosera'', the ''Fuero'' similar to the medieval English custumal that stipulated the economic, political, and social customs and regulations for governing a town, in this case, Brañosera that had just been repopulated. Munio's presence is first recorded in 882 in relation to the repopulation and defense of the fortress in Castrogeriz from his base in Amaya. In that same year, Count Diego Rodríguez Porcelos was defending the Pancorbo mountain pass in the Obarenes mountain range against the armies of the Emir of Córdoba. Munio had to flee in 882 when the Muslim troops led by Al-Mundhir attacked, but by 883, with work on the fortress at a more advanced stage, he was able to resist behind the new walls. When Diego Rodr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Ar-Rahman III
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Rabdī ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil (; 890–961), or simply ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, was the Umayyad Emir of Córdoba from 912 to 929, at which point he founded the Caliphate of Córdoba, serving as its first caliph until his death. Abd al-Rahman won the '' laqab'' (sobriquet) () in his early 20s when he supported the Maghrawa Berbers in North Africa against Fatimid expansion and later claimed the title of Caliph for himself. His half-century reign was known for its religious tolerance. Life Early years Lineage and appearance Abd al-Rahman was born in Córdoba, on 18 December 890. His year of birth is also given as 889 and 891. He was the grandson of Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi, seventh independent Umayyad emir of al-Andalus. His parents were Abdullah's son Muhammad and Muzna (or Muzayna), a Christian concubine. His paternal grandmother wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernán González Of Castile
Fernán González (died 970) was the first autonomous count of Castile. Fernán González was a colourful character of legendary status in Iberia, and founder of the dynasty that would rule a semi-autonomous Castile, laying the foundations for its status as an independent kingdom. In the year 930, Fernán's name appears with the title of count inside the administrative organization of the eastern Kingdom of León. Early life and family Fernán was the son of Gonzalo Fernández, who had been named count of Arlanza and the Duero around the year 900, and by tradition a descendant of semi-legendary judge Nuño Rasura. His mother Muniadona was so well remembered that the later counts of Castile would sometimes be recorded by Iberian Muslim scholars as ''Ibn Māma Duna'' (descendant of Muniadona). Fernán González grew up in the castle of Lara, where his father had begun the process of reuniting the fractured counties of Old Castile. What had been a single county under Rodrigo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Ansúrez I
Fernando Ansúrez I (died in or shortly after 929) was the Count of Castile in 929 and the earliest known member of the Beni Ansúrez family; his father, Ansur, is known only through his patronymic. He was also count of the Tierra de Campos, which was later formed into the County of Monzón for his son. A certain Fernando is first mentioned in a charter to the monastery of San Pedro de Cardeña dated 13 November 917 as "count of Castile", possibly Fernando Ansúrez. According to Sampiro, Fernando ("''Fredenandi Ansuri filius''") was one of the counts of the region of Burgos, the chief city of Castile—the others being Nuño Fernández, Abolmondar Albo, and Diego Rodríguez—who were captured by Ordoño II on the river Carrión in the place called ''Tebulare'' or ''Tegulare'' ("Tejar" or "Tejares" in Spanish, as yet unidentified) and imprisoned them in León. This event is known as the ''Episodio de Tebular'' (Episode of Tebular) and it took place probably no earlier than t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramiro II Of León
Ramiro II ( 900 – 1 January 951), son of Ordoño II of León, Ordoño II and Elvira Menendez, was a Kingdom of León, King of León from 931 until his death. Initially titular king only of a lesser part of the kingdom, he gained the crown of León (and with it, Kingdom of Galicia, Galicia) after supplanting his brother Alfonso IV of León, Alfonso IV and cousin Alfonso Fróilaz in 931. The scant ''Anales castellanos primeros'' are a primary source for his reign. He actively campaigned against the Moors, who referred to him as the Devil due to his ferocity and fervor in battle. He defeated the hosts of the Umayyad caliph, Abd al-Rahman III, at the Battle of Simancas (939). Succession When, shortly before his death in 910, Alfonso III of Asturias was forced by his sons to abdicate, the Kingdom of Asturias descended into a period of successional crises among the royal family and their supporters from the regional March (territory), marcher aristocracies. The kingdom was initially ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
