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Bacteroidota
The phylum (biology), phylum Bacteroidota (synonym Bacteroidetes) is composed of three large classes of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative, nonsporeforming, anaerobic or aerobic, and rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including in soil, sediments, and sea water, as well as in the guts and on the skin of animals. Although some ''Bacteroides'' spp. can be Opportunistic Pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, many ''Bacteroidota'' are Symbiotic bacteria, symbiotic species highly adjusted to the gastrointestinal tract. ''Bacteroides'' are highly abundant in intestines, reaching up to 1011 cells g−1 of intestinal material. They perform metabolic conversions that are essential for the host, such as degradation of proteins or complex sugar polymers. ''Bacteroidota'' colonize the gastrointestinal tract already in infants, as non-digestible Human milk oligosaccharide, oligosaccharides in mother milk support the growth of both ''Bacteroides'' and ''Bifidoba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FCB Group
The FCB is a proposed Phylum, superphylum of bacteria named after the main member phyla Fibrobacterota, Chlorobiota, and Bacteroidota. The members are considered to form a clade due to a number of conserved signature indels. Cavalier-Smith calls the equivalent grouping a phylum by the name of Sphingobacteria. It contains the classes Chlorobiota, Fibrobacterota, Bacteroidota, and Flavobacteria (class), Flavobacteria. However, this megaclassification is not followed by the larger scientific community. An analogous situation is seen with the Planctobacteria, PVC group/Planctobacteria. Notes See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera References Superphyla {{Bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphingobacteria (phylum)
The FCB is a proposed superphylum of bacteria named after the main member phyla Fibrobacterota, Chlorobiota, and Bacteroidota. The members are considered to form a clade due to a number of conserved signature indels. Cavalier-Smith calls the equivalent grouping a phylum by the name of Sphingobacteria. It contains the classes Chlorobiota, Fibrobacterota, Bacteroidota, and Flavobacteria. However, this megaclassification is not followed by the larger scientific community. An analogous situation is seen with the PVC group/Planctobacteria. Notes See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, ... References Superphyla {{Bacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flavobacteriia
The class Flavobacteriia is composed of a single class of environmental bacteria. It contains the family Flavobacteriaceae, which is the largest family in the phylum Bacteroidota. This class is widely distributed in soil, fresh, and seawater habitats. The name is often spelt Flavobacteria, but was officially named Flavobacteriia in 2012. Flavobacteriia are gram-negative aerobic rods, 2–5 μm long, 0.1–0.5 μm wide, with rounded or tapered ends. They form circular cream to orange coloured colonies on agar, and are typically simple to successfully culture. Flavobacteriia is a chemoorganotroph and are known for their ability to mineralize or degrade dissolved organic matter of high molecular weight and particulate plant material. Flavobacteriia have impacts on both the environment and human society, as they are able to cause diseases in many organisms. They are important in the decomposition of organic matter and pollutants, and are key members in the formation of marin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saprospiria
Saprospirales is an order of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidota. See also * List of bacterial orders * List of bacteria genera This article lists the genera of the bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, ... References Bacteroidota Bacteria orders Gram-negative bacteria {{Bacteroidetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitinophagia
Chitinophagaceae is an aerobic or facultatively anaerobic and rod-shaped family of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidota. Genera * '' Agriterribacter'' Lee and Whang 2020 * '' Arachidicoccus'' Madhaiyan ''et al''. 2015 * '' Arvibacter'' Chaudhary and Kim 2016 * '' Aurantisolimonas'' Liu ''et al''. 2018 * '' Chitinophaga'' Sangkhobol and Skerman 1981 * '' Cnuella'' Zhao ''et al''. 2014 * '' Compostibacter'' Siddiqi ''et al''. 2016 * '' Deminuibacter'' Wang ''et al''. 2019 * '' Dinghuibacter'' Lv ''et al''. 2016 * '' Edaphobaculum'' Cao ''et al''. 2017 * "''Edaphocola''" Choi ''et al''. 2019 * '' Ferruginibacter'' Lim ''et al''. 2009 * '' Filimonas'' Shiratori ''et al''. 2009 * '' Flaviaesturariibacter'' Kang ''et al''. 2015 * '' Flavihumibacter'' Zhang ''et al''. 2010 * '' Flavipsychrobacter'' Liu ''et al''. 2018 * '' Flavisolibacter'' Yoon and Im 2007 * '' Flavitalea'' Wang ''et al''. 2011 * "''Foetidibacter''" Pu ''et al''. 2021 * "''Ginsengibacter''" Siddiqi ''et al''. 2021 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytophagia
Cytophagales is an order of non-spore forming, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that move through a gliding or flexing motion. These chemoorganotrophs are important remineralizers of organic materials into micronutrients. They are widely dispersed in the environment, found in ecosystems including soil, freshwater, seawater and sea ice. Cytophagales is included in the Bacteroidota phylum. Name etymology The name Cytophagales means 'cell eater', referring to the degradation of cellulose cell walls. 'Cytos' comes from the Ancient Greek noun κῠ́τος (kútos), which refers to a vessel, and a cell in biology. 'Phagien' comes from the Ancient Greek verb φαγεῖν (phageîn), which translates to "to eat". Biology and biochemistry General characteristics and biology Bacteria in Cytophagales are all Gram-negative and non-spore forming. They are non-flagellated, but move by exhibiting a gliding or flexing motion. Cytophagales are all unicellular, with rod-shaped cells t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteroides Biacutis
''Bacteroides'' is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. ''Bacteroides'' species are non endospore–forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, ''Bacteroides'' membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. ''Bacteroides'' species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones in the host intestine. As many as 1010–1011 cells per gram of human feces have been reported. They can use simple sugars when available; however, the main sources of energy for ''Bacteroides'' species in the gut are complex host-derived and plant glycans. Studies indicate that long-term diet is strongly associated with the gut microbiome composition—those who eat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fibrobacterota
Fibrobacterota is a small bacterial phylum which includes many of the major rumen bacteria, allowing for the degradation of plant-based cellulose in ruminant animals. Members of this phylum were categorized in other phyla. The genus '' Fibrobacter'' (the only genus of Fibrobacterota) was removed from the genus '' Bacteroides'' in 1988. Phylogeny and comparative genomic studies Although ''Fibrobacterota'' is currently recognized as a distinct phylum, phylogenetic studies based RpoC and Gyrase B protein sequences, indicate that ''Fibrobacter succinogenes'' is closely related to the species from the phyla ''Bacteroidetes'' and ''Chlorobi''. The species from these three phyla also branch in the same position based upon conserved signature indels in a number of important proteins. Lastly and most importantly, comparative genomic studies have identified two conserved signature indels (a 5-7 amino acid insert in the RpoC protein and a 13-16 amino acid insertion in serine hydroxymeth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteroides
''Bacteroides'' is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. ''Bacteroides'' species are non endospore–forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40–48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, ''Bacteroides'' membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. ''Bacteroides'' species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones in the host intestine. As many as 1010–1011 cells per gram of human feces have been reported. They can use simple sugars when available; however, the main sources of energy for ''Bacteroides'' species in the gut are complex host-derived and plant glycans. Studies indicate that long-term diet is strongly associated with the gut microbiome composition—those who eat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, Hot spring, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the nitrogen fixation, fixation of nitrogen from the Earth's atmosphere, atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of cadaver, dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-negative Bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the Crystal violet, crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan gram-negative cell wall, cell wall sandwiched between an inner (Cytoplasm, cytoplasmic) Cell membrane, membrane and an Bacterial outer membrane, outer membrane. These bacteria are found in all environments that support life on Earth. Within this category, notable species include the model organism ''Escherichia coli'', along with various pathogenic bacteria, such as ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Chlamydia trachomatis'', and ''Yersinia pestis''. They pose significant challenges in the medical field due to their outer membrane, which acts as a protective barrier against numerous Antibiotic, antibiotics (including penicillin), Detergent, detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylum (biology)
In biology, a phylum (; : phyla) is a level of classification, or taxonomic rank, that is below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division has been used instead of phylum, although the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepts the terms as equivalent. Depending on definitions, the animal kingdom Animalia contains about 31 phyla, the plant kingdom Plantae contains about 14 phyla, and the fungus kingdom Fungi contains about eight phyla. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships among phyla within larger clades like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta. General description The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek (, "race, stock"), related to (, "tribe, clan"). Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguished them as a group ("a self-contained unity"): "perhap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
