Awyu–Dumut Languages

	Awyu–Dumut Languages The Greater Awyu or Digul River languages, known in earlier classifications with more limited scope as Awyu–Dumut (Awyu–Ndumut), are a family of perhaps a dozen Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in eastern West Papua (region), West Papua in the region of the Digul River. Six of the languages are sufficiently attested for a basic description; it is not clear how many of the additional names (in parentheses below) may be separate languages. History The Awyu (pronounced like English ''Ow you'') and Awyu–Dumut families were identified by Peter Drabbe in the 1950s. Voorhoeve included them in his proposed Central and South New Guinea languages, Central and South New Guinea group. As part of Central and South New Guinea, they form part of the original proposal for Trans–New Guinea. Classification The classification below is based on Usher and de Vries et al. (2012), who used morphological innovations to determine relatedness, which can be obscured by lexical loanwords. * Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Digul The Digul River () is a major river in South Papua province, Indonesia, on the island of New Guinea. It is the fourth longest river in New Guinea after Sepik, Mamberamo, and Fly. With a total length of and a drainage basin of . Course The river originates in the central part of the island, on the southern side of the Maoke Mountains (Digul or Star Mountains), which rise above sea level at 4,700 m. After leaving the mountainous section, it cuts through lowland swamps in a south-southwest direction and then flows by delta into the Arafura Sea, across Dolak Island. Its marshy, swampy floodplain is lined with reed beds. As there are no accessible and developed roads in the area, the river is still the only transport route across the marshes to the fertile hills and mountains in the interior of the island. It is navigable by larger boats from Tanahmerah (320 km) and by smaller boats from the foot of the mountains. This swampy navigable stretch is often referred to as ''Bov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Palatal Consonant Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex. Characteristics The most common type of palatal consonant is the extremely common approximant , which ranks among the ten most common sounds in the world's languages. The nasal is also common, occurring in around 35 percent of the world's languages, in most of which its equivalent obstruent is not the stop , but the affricate . Only a few languages in northern Eurasia, the Americas and central Africa contrast palatal stops with postalveolar affricates—as in Hungarian, Czech, Latvian, Macedonian, Slovak, Turkish and Albanian. Consonants with other primary articulations may be palatalized, that is, accompanied by the raising of the tongue surface towards the hard palate. For example, English (spelled ''sh'') has such a palatal componen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Alveolar Consonant Alveolar consonants (; UK also ) are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth. Alveolar consonants may be articulated with the tip of the tongue (the apical consonants), as in English, or with the flat of the tongue just above the tip (the "blade" of the tongue; called laminal consonants), as in French and Spanish. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) does not have separate symbols for the alveolar consonants. Rather, the same symbol is used for all coronal places of articulation that are not palatalized like English palato-alveolar ''sh'', or retroflex. To disambiguate, the ''bridge'' (, ''etc.'') may be used for a dental consonant, or the under-bar (, ''etc.'') may be used for the postalveolars. differs from dental in that the former is a sibilant and the latter is not. differs from postalveolar in being unpalatalized. The bare letter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Bilabial Consonant In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a labial consonant articulated with both lips. Frequency Bilabial consonants are very common across languages. Only around 0.7% of the world's languages lack bilabial consonants altogether, including Tlingit, Chipewyan, Oneida, and Wichita, though all of these have a labial–velar approximant /w/. Varieties The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation ... (IPA) are: Owere Igbo has a six-way contrast among bilabial stops: . Other varieties The extensions to the IPA also define a () for smacking the lips together. A lip-smack in the non-percussive sense of the lips audibly parting would be . The IPA chart shades out ''bilabial lateral consonants'', wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Ok Languages The Ok languages are a family of about a dozen related Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in a contiguous area of eastern Irian Jaya and western Papua New Guinea. The most numerous language is Ngalum, with some 20,000 speakers; the best known is probably Telefol. The Ok languages have dyadic kinship terms.The Oksapmin Kinship System , retrieved May 21, 2009. History of classification The Ok languages are clearly related. Alan Healey identified them as a family in 1962. He later noted connections with the Asmat languages and Awyu–Dumut languages, Awyu–Dumut families (Healey 1970). Voorhoeve developed this into a Central and South New Guinea languages, Central and South New Guinea (CSNG) proposal. As part of CSNG, the Ok languages form part of the original proposal for Trans–New Guinea, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Korowai Language Korowai (Kolufaup) is a Trans-New-Guinean language spoken in South Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken by the Korowai people The Korowai, also called the Kolufo, live in southeastern Papua in the Indonesian provinces of South Papua and Highland Papua. Their tribal area is split by the borders of Boven Digoel Regency, Mappi Regency, Asmat Regency, Pegunungan Bintang ... who live along the Becking River. Phonology * /b/ and /d/ are in free variation with �and �respectively. * /ɸ x/ can be voiced � ɣintervocalically. * /e/ can be heard as �in unstressed syllables. * /a/ can vary to �in stressed syllables. * /ɔ/ is pronounced before /w/. * All vowels are lengthened in stressed syllables and word-finally. * /ə/ is epenthetic and is never in stressed syllables. Stress is unpredictable and phonemic. Notes References Hughes, Jock. 2009. Upper Digul Survey'. SIL International. Languages of Western New Guinea Becking–Dawi languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Becking River The Becking River is a river in Western New Guinea, South Papua, Indonesia. Sungai Beckingin Geonames.org (cc-by) post updated 2013-05-07; database downloaded 2015-11-27 See also List of drainage basins of Indonesia List of rivers of Western New Guinea This is a partial list of rivers of Western New Guinea in Indonesia.''Map of Indonesia''. Peta Indonesia. Wawasan Nusantara. CV. Indo Prima Sarana. Accessed 29 Juli 2017. In alphabetical order By mouth location From west to east: North coast ... * Becking River languages References {{Indonesia-river-stub Eilanden basin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Tsaukambo Language Tsaukambo or Tsakwambo () is one of the Greater Awyu languages The Greater Awyu or Digul River languages, known in earlier classifications with more limited scope as Awyu–Dumut (Awyu–Ndumut), are a family of perhaps a dozen Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in eastern West Papua in the region of the D ... spoken by inhabitants of Kampung Biwage, Kawagit District, Boven Digoel Regency in South Papua, Indonesia. References Hughes, Jock. 2009. Upper Digul Survey'. SIL International. Languages of Western New Guinea Becking–Dawi languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Komyandaret Language Komyandaret is a poorly documented Papuan language The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a ... in Boven Digoel, South Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken in Firiwage District, alongside Tsaukambo as in Kaway Village. It is close enough that there is some mutual intelligibility. References Hughes, Jock. 2009. Upper Digul Survey'. SIL International. Languages of Western New Guinea Ok languages Becking–Dawi languages {{papuan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

History of classification