|
C-byrån
C-byrån ("C bureau") was a Swedish secret intelligence agency established in 1939, sorting under the Swedish Armed Forces. It was led by Major Carl Petersén. During World War II C-byrån organized operations in the German-occupied Norway and Operation Stella Polaris in Finland. History When World War II broke out in 1939, Sweden lacked a modern military intelligence agency. Major Carl Petersén was assigned to establish it. C-byrån (before 1942 called ''G-sektionen'') was established in 1939, a few months after the outbreak of the war, after a joint campaign of the then Supreme Commander Olof Thörnell and the head of the Intelligence Department of the Defence Staff, Colonel Carlos Adlercreutz. Carl Petersén and his second in command, Helmuth Ternberg, shared responsibility for the information gathering missions between them: Petersén gathered information from the Allies, while Ternberg engaged in Finland, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland. Ternberg's primary source of info ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmuth Ternberg
Ernst Axel ''Hellmuth'' "Teddy" Ternberg (13 September 1893 – 24 May 1971) was a Swedish Army major and intelligence officer who led, together with Carl Petersén, the intelligence service C-byrån during World War II. One of the most spectacular intelligence operations under Ternberg's leadership was the recruitment of the German Erika Wendt, also known as Erika Schwarze, as an agent of C-byrån. Wendt was active, as a secretary, within the German intelligence service ''Abwehr'' in Stockholm and provided Ternberg with information about, among other things, Gestapo activities in Sweden. He was also good friends with German spymaster Wilhelm Canaris, the head of ''Abwehr'' in Berlin. Ternberg continued his intelligence activities under a cover name after the war at T-kontoret, the successor organization to C-byrån. Early life Ternberg was born on 13 September 1893 in Stockholm, the second son of Robert Ternberg, a naval engineer, and his wife Augusta Ottilia (née Limberg). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T-kontoret
T-kontoret ("T office") was a Swedish intelligence agency active between 1946 and 1965. It was the successor to the C-byrån and predecessor to IB. T-kontoret was headed by Thede Palm. History In connection with the outbreak of World War II in 1939, a secret intelligence service was established, the G Section (''G-sektionen''), or the Border Section (''Gränssektionen'') for surveillance of the Swedish borders and control of migration flows. In 1942 the Defence Staff was heavily reorganized. The coordinators for the intelligence and security service became Section II (from 1966 named Section 2). Section I included the Foreign Department, the Domestic Department and the G Section, which now changed its name to C-byrån or ''Centralen''. In 1946 it was again time for a new reorganization. The Foreign Department had now two subdivisions, the Intelligence and Attaché Offices. C-byrån was disbanded. Operations had become too well known, and its methods had been strongly disputed. A n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Petersén (born 1883)
Carl Jacob Karsten Petersén (18 April 1883 – 14 April 1963) was a Swedish Army officer. During World War II he served as head of the intelligence agency C-byrån. He later served as Secretary General of the International Road Transport Union. Early life Petersén was born on 18 April 1883 in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of deputy assistant Carl Petersén and Ingeborg Tanberg. He passed ''studentexamen'' at in Bromma in 1901. Career He became a second lieutenant in the Uppland Artillery Regiment (A 5) in 1903 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1906. He attended the Royal Central Gymnastics Institute in 1907. Petersén was major and instructor in the Persian Gendarmerie from 1911 to 1913 and participated in the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915. The same year he was promoted to captain in the Swedish Army and did the certificate exams for balloon license. Petersén participated in the Finnish Civil War in 1918 as a lieutenant colonel in the White Guard. He was then attaché in W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algot Törneman
Jarl Algot Gustav Törneman, nicknamed P. (1 September 1909 – 5 May 1993) was a Swedish enamel artist and painter. Early life Törneman was born on 1 September 1909 in Vist, Linköping Municipality, Sweden, the son of Axel Törneman and his wife Gudrun (née Høyer). He passed ''studentexamen'' in Stockholm in 1927 and received a Candidate of Law degree from Lund University in 1937. Career Törneman worked at Stockholm City Court in 1937 and STIM in 1940. He became CEO of AB Skandiastål in 1944 and AB Eda bruk in Värmland in 1948. During World War II, Törneman was part of the Swedish secret intelligence agency C-byrån. Törneman was curator at the Association Hantverket in Stockholm from 1960 to 1968. He was commissioner for a number of Swedish handicraft exhibitions abroad and for the exhibition ''Svensk form'' in 1962. Törneman held solo shows in Stockholm in 1962 and in 1974. Törneman was board member of Konstfackskolan from 1963 to 1969. Törneman became secretary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thede Palm
Carl Theodor (Thede) Palm (27 September 1907 – 18 February 1995) was a Swedish historian of religion, director of research and head of military intelligence. Early life Palm was born on 27 September 1907 in Sala, Sweden, the son of Major Axel Palm and his wife Ebba (née Nordenfelt). He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Lund University in 1928, a Licentiate of Philosophy degree in 1933 and a Doctor of Philosophy in 1937. His PhD research was on ancient Slavic cult places in Northern Germany. Career Palm was employed at ''Svensk uppslagsbok'' from 1928 to 1936 and became a teaching assistant in 1933 (temporary staff in 1932). He was librarian at the Lund University Library from 1938 to 1956 and he was head of department at the Swedish National Board of Information (''Statens Informationsstyrelse'') from 1943 to 1944 as well as being an expert there in 1945. In 1943, Palm put in a request for a leave of absence to operate under Carl Petersén at C-byrån, a secret i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stig Roth
Stig Adolf Roth (28 March 1900 – 20 August 1972) was a Swedish art historian, museum curator, and museum director. Career Roth was born in Malmö, Sweden, the son of the dentist Adolf Roth and his wife Kjersti Davida Svensson. He passed ''studentexamen'' in Malmö in 1918 and was an assistant during the excavations in Gamla Lödöse in 1917 and in 1919 and he became an extraordinary curator assistant at the Gothenburg Museum in Gothenburg the same year. Roth obtained a Bachelor of Arts (fil.kand.) degree in Gothenburg in 1921 and was secretary in the Jubilee Exposition in Gothenburg's Arts Committee in 1923 and curator assistant at the Gothenburg Museum of Art in 1924. Roth obtained a Licentiate of Philosophy (fil.lic.) degree in 1926. He was the leader of the excavation of Gudhem Abbey from 1928 to 1948 and of the excavation of Bjerka Church from 1929 to 1930. Roth was curator and head of the historical department of the Gothenburg Museum from 1935 to 1965 and obtained a Docto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Adlercreutz
Colonel Axel Fredrik Carlos Adlercreutz (26 January 1890 – 7 October 1963) was a Swedish Army officer. Adlercreutz is credited with the formation of the General Security Service (''Allmänna säkerhetstjänsten'') in 1938 (predecessor of the Swedish Security Service), and the intelligence agency C-byrån in 1939. Early life Adlercreutz was born on 26 January 1890 in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of count and major Carl Adlercreutz and his wife Jeanna (née Evers). He passed ''studentexamen'' in 1908. Career Adlercreutz was commissioned as an officer in 1910 with the rank of second lieutenant and was assigned to Svea Life Guards (I 1). Adlercreutz received a Candidate of Law degree in Stockholm in 1916. He then attended the Royal Swedish Army Staff College from 1918 to 1920, the French War College from 1920 to 1922 and did a course at the French Air Force in 1922. He was promoted to captain in 1925 and served in the General Staff in 1926. Adlercreutz was expert assistance of Swe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erika Wendt
Erika Wendt, née ''Erika Schwarze'' (1917 – 9 April 2003) was a German secretary. During World War II, she was active as a Swedish spy as an employée of August Fincke, the German attaché of trade in Stockholm. Wendt was of partially Jewish ancestry, and her father's publication business in Stralsund had been confiscated by the Nazis. From January 1942, she was a secretary of the German attaché of trade in Stockholm. She provided information about secret Gestapo operations and agents active in Sweden under the code name Onkel (Uncle). The Germans changed the codes on 1 March 1943, and she helped the Swedes to break the new codes by sending several messages uncoded. After this, Wendt received an order to return to Germany, not knowing that she was to be executed, and was taken into custody by the Swedish security police which provided her with a new identity. She lived the rest of her life in Sweden and published her memoirs in 1993. See also * Jane Horney * Karin Lannby ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Stella Polaris
Operation Stella Polaris was the cover name for an operation in which Finnish signals intelligence records, equipment and personnel were transported into Sweden in late September 1944 after the end of combat on the Finnish-Soviet front in the Second World War. The purpose was to enable the signals intelligence activities against the advancing Russians to continue in Sweden and to prevent the equipment falling into the hands of the Soviet Union. A Soviet invasion was considered likely and plans were made to support guerrilla warfare in Finland after a possible occupation. The operation had its base in the small fishing village of Nämpnäs in Närpes, Ostrobothnia region, from where the archives were shipped to Swedish ports. The leaders of the operation were Colonel Aladár Paasonen, chief of Finnish military intelligence, and Colonel Reino Hallamaa, head of the Finnish signals intelligence section. Transportation to Sweden On 20September 1944 a large part of the Finnish signal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunnar Jarring
Gunnar Valfrid Jarring (12 October 1907 – 29 May 2002) was a Swedish diplomat and Turkologist. Early life Jarring was born in Brunnby, Malmöhus County, Sweden, the son of Gottfrid Jönsson, a farmer, and his wife Betty (née Svensson). He had four siblings. Jarring earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Lund University in 1928, a Licentiate Degree in 1931, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1933 with his dissertation ''Studien zu einer osttürkischen Lautlehre'' ("Studies in Eastern Turkic Phonology"). The same year he was appointed docent in Turkish linguistics at Lund University. Jarring also served as curator of Helsingborgs-Landskrona Student Nation at Lund University in 1933. He taught Turkic languages at the university for the rest of the 1930s. Jarring was also a board member of the ''Svenska orientsällskapet'' ("Swedish Oriental Society") from 1936 to 1940 and of the ''Centralbyrån i Lund för populära vetenskapliga föreläsningar'' ("The Central Office in Lund for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (german: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist '' Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the paramilitary groups that emerged af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C Byrån Plakett
C, or c, is the third letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''cee'' (pronounced ), plural ''cees''. History "C" comes from the same letter as "G". The Semites named it gimel. The sign is possibly adapted from an Egyptian hieroglyph for a staff sling, which may have been the meaning of the name ''gimel''. Another possibility is that it depicted a camel, the Semitic name for which was ''gamal''. Barry B. Powell, a specialist in the history of writing, states "It is hard to imagine how gimel = "camel" can be derived from the picture of a camel (it may show his hump, or his head and neck!)". In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no contrastive voicing, so the Greek ' Γ' (Gamma) was adopted into the Etruscan alphabet to represent . Already in the Western Greek alphabet, Gamma first took a '' form in Early Etruscan, then '' in Classical Etru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Nazism")
