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Bolas Spider
A bolas spider is a member of the orb-weaver spider (family Araneidae) that, instead of spinning a typical orb web, hunts by using one or more sticky "capture blobs" on the end of a silk line, known as a " bolas". By swinging the bolas at flying male moths or moth flies nearby, the spider may snag its prey rather like a fisherman snagging a fish on a hook. Because of this, they are also called angling or fishing spiders (although the remotely related genus '' Dolomedes'' is also called a fishing spider). The prey is lured to the spider by the production of up to three sex pheromone-analogues. Bolas spiders have been treated as either the whole or part of either the tribe "Mastophoreae" or Mastophorini, the subfamily Mastophorinae, or the informal group mastophorines. Recent studies show that the genus '' Celaenia'', which does not use a bolas, belongs in the same taxonomic group. Description Bolas spiders are small nocturnal animals with conspicuous outgrowths on the upper ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastophora Phrynosoma
''Mastophora phrynosoma'' is a species of orb weaver in the spider family Araneidae Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", hence the English name .... It is found in the United States. Like all known species of the genus '' Mastophora'', adult females are bolas spiders, capturing their prey with one or more sticky drops at the end of a single line of silk rather than in a web. Males and juvenile females capture their prey directly with their legs. References External links * Araneidae Articles created by Qbugbot Spiders described in 1955 {{araneidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordgarius Magnificus
''Ordgarius magnificus'', the magnificent spider, is a bolas spider in the family Araneidae. It is endemic to forests along the Australian east coast. Description Females are up to 14 mm long and almost as wide; males reach only 2 mm. Females are creamy-white with a pattern of pink and yellow spots on the abdomen, and a crown of white and reddish tubercles on the head. Habits They live in trees or tall shrubs, rarely less than 2 m above the ground. The easiest way to find them is to search for clusters of large, brown egg-sacs suspended among foliage; the spider will be found nearby, at day sheltering in a retreat made from rolled leaves and silk. Like all bolas spiders, the female attracts male moths with an airborne pheromone A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordgarius Sexspinosus
''Ordgarius sexspinosus'' is a species of spider in the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae, found from India to Japan and Indonesia. ''O. sexspinosus'' is a bolas spider. Rather than using a web, adult females catch their prey by using a line with one or two sticky drops (a "bolas") which they swing. Description The adult female of ''Ordgarius sexspinosus'' has a body length of about 7–10 mm. The carapace is about 3.6–3.7 mm long. It is dark brown and has six projections (tubercules). Two are arranged in the centre of the cephalic (head) part of the cephalothorax, the larger behind the smaller. Four are arranged in a transverse row in the thoracic part, two projecting forwards and two slightly behind projecting sideways. The legs are yellowish brown with brown rings. The first leg is the longest. The abdomen is usually longer (up to 6.9 mm) than wide. The upper surface is grayish brown with complicated white patterns. The "shoulders" of the abdomen are hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordgarius Hobsoni
''Ordgarius hobsoni'' is a species of spider of the genus ''Ordgarius'' in the family Araneidae. One of a number of spiders known as a bolas spider, it is found in India, Sri Lanka, China, and Japan. Unlike many araneids, they do not spin a typical orb web. Instead, they hunt by using a sticky 'capture blob' of silk on the end of a line, known as a 'bolas', hence the English name. See also * List of Araneidae species References Araneidae Spiders of Asia Spiders described in 1877 {{Araneidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exechocentrus Lancearius
''Exechocentrus lancearius'' is a species of spider in the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae, found only in Madagascar. It was initially described from a partial specimen of an adult female. The first description of a complete specimen and its prey-catching behaviour was published in 2012. ''E. lancearius'' is a bolas spider. Rather than using a web, adult females catch their prey by using a line with one or two sticky drops (a "bolas") which they swing. Description The neotype female was described by Scharff and Hormiga in 2012. The total length of the body is 3.9 mm. The cephalothorax is about 2.0 mm long and wide, and the abdomen 2.7 mm long and 3.9 mm wide. (The abdomen overlaps the cephalothorax.) The cephalothorax is pear-shaped and has four spine-like projections, one pointing forwards and three in a triangle behind it. The carapace is yellowish white with a white central stripe and dark brown markings. The sternum is blackish brown. The legs ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celaenia Excavata
''Celaenia excavata'', the bird dropping spider of Australia and New Zealand, derives its name from mimicking bird droppings to avoid predators, mainly birds. However, there are other species of spider that resemble bird droppings, for example species of '' Mastophora'' (a bolas spider). Habitat and appearance The males are much smaller than the females, about 2.5 mm as opposed to 12 mm. The females have up to 13 egg sacs, with about 200 eggs each, strung together with strong threads. Their toxicity is unknown, but may be able to cause mild illness in humans. ''Celaenia excavata'' is found throughout large parts of eastern and southern Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by ... and have also been recorded in central Australia; they are also seen in sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Code Of Zoological Nomenclature
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals. It is also informally known as the ICZN Code, for its publisher, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (which shares the acronym "ICZN"). The rules principally regulate: * How names are correctly established in the frame of binominal nomenclature * Which name must be used in case of name conflicts * How scientific literature must cite names Zoological nomenclature is independent of other systems of nomenclature, for example botanical nomenclature. This implies that animals can have the same generic names as plants (e.g. there is a genus '' Abronia'' in both animals and plants). The rules and recommendations have one fundamental aim: to provide the maximum universality and continuity in the naming of all animals, except where taxonomic judgment dictates otherwise. The code is meant to g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acantharachne
''Acantharachne'' is a genus of African orb-weaver spiders first described by Albert Tullgren in 1910. Taxonomy The genus ''Acantharachne'' was erected by Albert Tullgren in 1910 for the species '' Acantharachne cornuta''. There was already a genus of echinoderms with a name differing only in the last letter, ''Acantharachna'', so in 1929, Embrik Strand put forward a replacement name In biological nomenclature, a ''nomen novum'' (Latin for "new name"), new replacement name (or replacement name, new substitute name, substitute name) is a scientific name that is created specifically to replace another scientific name, but only w ..., ''Acantharanea''. However, as the spelling was different, even if only by one letter, replacement was unnecessary. Species it contains eight species: *'' Acantharachne cornuta'' Tullgren, 1910 – East Africa *'' Acantharachne giltayi'' Lessert, 1938 – Congo, Madagascar *'' Acantharachne lesserti'' Giltay, 1930 – Congo *'' Acantharachne madeca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cândido Firmino De Mello-Leitão
Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão (July 17, 1886 – December 14, 1948) was a Brazilian zoologist who is considered the founder of Arachnology in South America, publishing 198 papers on the taxonomy of Arachnida. He was also involved with education, writing high-school textbooks, and contributed to biogeography, with essays on the distribution of Arachnida in the South American continent. Biography Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão was born on the Cajazeiras Farm, Campina Grande, Paraíba state, Brazil, to Colonel Cândido Firmino and Jacunda de Mello-Leitão. He died in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. His parents were subsistence farmers, and he had 15 brothers and sisters. He lived most of his childhood at the state of Pernambuco. His first job as a zoologist (1913) was at the Escola Superior de Agricultura e Medicina Veterinária in Piraí, RJ, as a teacher of general Zoology and Systematics. In 1915, he published his first taxonomical paper, with descriptions of some genera and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrtarachninae
Cyrtarachninae is a subfamily of spiders in the family Araneidae (orb-weaver spiders, araneids). The group has been circumscribed in several different ways. It originated as the group Cyrtarachneae, described by Eugène Simon in 1892. The group was later treated at different ranks: as a tribe, both under Simon's name and as Cyrtarachnini, and as the subfamily Cyrtarachninae. Circumscriptions have varied. The broadest circumscription, Cyrtarachninae ''sensu lato'' (''s.l.''), includes three of Simon's original groups, including the bolas spiders (also placed in the tribe Mastophoreae or Mastophorini, or in the subfamily Mastophorinae). Unlike most araneids, members of the subfamily do not construct orb webs, some not using webs at all to capture prey, some using one or more sticky drops on a single line (a bolas), while others construct webs with few widely spaced non-spiral threads, some triangular. Many have been shown to attract prey by producing analogues of insect sex pheromo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordgarius
''Ordgarius'' is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Eugen von Keyserling in 1886. Adult females of the genus are bolas spiders, capturing their prey with one or more sticky drops at the end of a single line of silk rather than in a web. Males and juvenile females capture their prey directly with their legs. Species it contains twelve species: *'' Ordgarius acanthonotus'' ( Simon, 1909) – Vietnam *'' Ordgarius bicolor'' Pocock, 1899 – Papua New Guinea (New Britain) *'' Ordgarius clypeatus'' Simon, 1897 – Indonesia (Ambon) *'' Ordgarius ephippiatus'' Thorell, 1898 – Myanmar *'' Ordgarius furcatus'' ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) – Australia (New South Wales) **'' Ordgarius f. distinctus'' (Rainbow, 1900) – Australia (New South Wales) *'' Ordgarius hexaspinus'' Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2004 – India *''Ordgarius hobsoni ''Ordgarius hobsoni'' is a species of spider of the genus ''Ordgarius'' in the family Araneidae. One of a number of spiders known as a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
