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Big Obukhovsky Bridge
The Big Obukhovo Bridge (russian: Большо́й Обу́ховский мост, ''Boĺšoj obuhovskij most'') is the newest (not taking into account the Blagoveshchensky Bridge rebuilt in 2007) bridge across the Neva River in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the only bridge across the Neva which is not a drawbridge. One of the longest bridges in Russia, it is the first fixed bridge and largest bridge across the Neva. Of course it is the largest bridge in St. Petersburg by the size of the covered span (382 m). It is located in Nevsky District, in the middle stream of the Neva. It connects Obukhovskaya Oborony Avenue with the Oktyabrskaya embankment. It is a cable-stayed bridge; the steel wire ropes are the key element of the supporting construction. But what looks like a bridge is actually two identical twin bridges with opposite directions of movement along them. One is located upstream of the Neva (southern) and is for driving eastward, the other downstream (north) is for dri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg Ring Road
The Saint Petersburg Ring Road (russian: Кольцевая автомобильная дорога вокруг Санкт-Петербурга) is a 142 km (88 mile) orbital freeway encircling Saint Petersburg, Russia. The city's only beltway, it is listed in the Russian road numbering system as federal public highway A-118. Construction The need for the construction of a beltway around St Petersburg was first stated in the 1965 General Development Plan of Leningrad. The western segment of the road was planned to be constructed as a causeway forming part of a proposed flood-protection dam in the Gulf of Finland. In late 1979, construction of the dam facilities commenced and by the early 1990s a two-lane road connected the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland with the city of Kronstadt on Kotlin Island. However, lack of financing in the midst of economic turmoil in Russia halted further development of both the dam and the Ring Road project in 1992. Construction of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position. The oblast was named after the city of Leningrad. In 1991, the city restored its original name, Saint Petersburg, but the oblast retains the name of Leningrad. The capital and largest city is Gatchina. The oblast overlaps the historic region of Ingria and is bordered by Finland ( Kymenlaakso and South Karelia) in the northwest and Estonia ( Ida-Viru County) in the west, as well as five federal subjects of Russia: the Republic of Karelia in the northeast, Vologda Oblast in the east, Novgorod Oblast in the south, Pskov Oblast in the southwest, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg in the west. The first governor of Leningrad Oblast was Vadim Gustov ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cable-stayed Bridges In Russia
A cable-stayed bridge has one or more ''towers'' (or ''pylons''), from which cables support the bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables or stays, which run directly from the tower to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern or a series of parallel lines. This is in contrast to the modern suspension bridge, where the cables supporting the deck are suspended vertically from the main cable, anchored at both ends of the bridge and running between the towers. The cable-stayed bridge is optimal for spans longer than cantilever bridges and shorter than suspension bridges. This is the range within which cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier, and suspension bridge cabling would be more costly. Cable-stayed bridges were being designed and constructed by the late 16th century, and the form found wide use in the late 19th century. Early examples, including the Brooklyn Bridge, often combined features from both the cable-stayed and suspension designs. Cable-stayed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridges Completed In 2004
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, and the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it. The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and stepping stones. The Neolithic people built boardwalk bridges across marshland. The Arkadiko Bridge (dating from the 13th century BC, in the Peloponnese) is one of the oldest arch bridges still in existence and use. Etymology The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the origin of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bridges In Saint Petersburg
There are more than 342 bridges in the city limits of Saint Petersburg, Russia. This is a partial list of the most famous ones. Peter the Great was designing the city as another Amsterdam and Venice, with canals instead of streets and citizens skillful in sailing. Initially, there were only about ten bridges constructed in the city, mainly across ditches and minor creeks. By Peter's plans, in the summer months, the citizens were supposed to move around in boats, and in the winter months when the water froze to move in sledges. However, after Peter's death, new bridges were built, as it was a much easier way of transportation. Temporary ponton bridges were used in the summertime. The first permanent bridge of bricks and stones across the main branch of the Neva river appeared in 1850. Today, there are more 342 bridges over canals and rivers of various sizes, styles and constructions, built at different periods. Some of them are small pedestrian bridges, such as Bank and Lion bridge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volodarsky Bridge
The Volodarsky Bridge () is a moveable bridge across the Neva River in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The bridge connects Narodnaya and Ivanovskaya streets (Nevsky district). It is named after V. Volodarsky, a revolutionary, who was killed near the future bridge in 1918. It is the only bridge in the city with an overpass for trams (left bank). The bridge is part of the Central Arc Thoroughfare. In 1932-1936, according to engineer G.P. Peredery's project, a three-span reinforced concrete arch bridge with a metal double-winged drawbridge was built. In 1986-1993, the old bridge was dismantled and replaced with a metal girder. The bridge length is 332 meters, the width is 24–27 meters. Upstream is the Bolshoy Obukhovsky Bridge, and below is the Finland Railway Bridge. 1936 Bridge Design The need to build a permanent bridge in this place was called by the city planning project of Leningrad in the 1930s, which provided for the significant development of its southeastern part an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Bridges In Saint Petersburg
There are more than 342 bridges in the city limits of Saint Petersburg, Russia. This is a partial list of the most famous ones. Peter the Great was designing the city as another Amsterdam and Venice, with canals instead of streets and citizens skillful in sailing. Initially, there were only about ten bridges constructed in the city, mainly across ditches and minor creeks. By Peter's plans, in the summer months, the citizens were supposed to move around in boats, and in the winter months when the water froze to move in sledges. However, after Peter's death, new bridges were built, as it was a much easier way of transportation. Temporary ponton bridges were used in the summertime. The first permanent bridge of bricks and stones across the main branch of the Neva river appeared in 1850. Today, there are more 342 bridges over canals and rivers of various sizes, styles and constructions, built at different periods. Some of them are small pedestrian bridges, such as Bank and Lion bridge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin; (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who holds the office of president of Russia. Putin has served continuously as president or prime minister since 1999: as prime minister from 1999 to 2000 and from 2008 to 2012, and as president from 2000 to 2008 and since 2012. Putin worked as a KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before resigning in 1991 to begin a political career in Saint Petersburg. He moved to Moscow in 1996 to join the administration of president Boris Yeltsin. He briefly served as director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) and secretary of the Security Council of Russia, before being appointed as prime minister in August 1999. After the resignation of Yeltsin, Putin became Acting President of Russia and, less than four months later, was elected outright to his first term as president. He was reelected in 2004. As he was constitutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obukhovsky Bridge
The Obukhovsky or Obukhov Bridge (Russian: Обуховский мост) is a bridge in St. Petersburg, Russia. It carries Moskovsky Prospekt over the Fontanka River. It was originally built as a stone bridge in 1785–86 to replace a 1717 wooden bridge, and was named after the builder. It was substantially modified in 1865 and again in 1938–1940. In literature The bridge is mentioned at the end of Nikolai Gogol's short story, "The Overcoat". The main character, Akaky Akakievich —or a certain clerk— is rumored to appear as a ghost near the Kalinkin Bridge, searching for his stolen overcoat, and after the story's denouement is seen walking towards the Obukhov Bridge and vanishing into the darkness of the night. Boris Eichenbaum, "How ''The Overcoat'' is Made", Robert A. Maguire, ed., ''Gogol from the Twentieth Century: Eleven Essays'' (Princeton University Press, 1995), , p. 291Excerpts availableat Google Books Google Books (previously known as Google Book Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olga Berggolts
Olga Fyodorovna Bergholz ( rus, Ольга Фёдоровна Берггольц, p=ˈolʲɡə ˈfʲɵdərəvnə bʲɪrˈɡolʲts, a=Ol'ga Fyodorovna Byerghol'cz.ru.vorb.oga; – November 13, 1975) was a Soviet and Russian poet, writer, playwright and journalist. She is most famous for her work on the Leningrad radio during the city's blockade, when she became the symbol of city's strength and determination. Early life Olga Bergholz was born in a working suburb of Saint Petersburg. Her father Fyodor Khristophorovich Bergholz (1885—1948) was a surgeon of half- Russian and half- Latvian descent, although in 1942 he was forcefully sent to the Krasnoyarsk Krai as "an ethnic German and a son of a principal shareholder" (his father was in fact a factory worker).''Olga Berggolts (2011)''. Olga. Forbidden Diary. — Moscow: Azbuka Attikus, 444 pages (diaries 1939–1949, letters, documents and photos) He studied in the Imperial Military Medical Academy under Nikolay Burdenko and ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Referendum
A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a Direct democracy, direct vote by the Constituency, electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a Representative democracy, representative. This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory. In some countries, it is synonymous with or commonly known by other names including plebiscite, votation, popular consultation, ballot question, ballot measure, or proposition. Some definitions of 'plebiscite' suggest it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. The word, 'referendum' is often a catchall, used for both legislative referrals and initiatives. Etymology 'Referendum' is the gerundive form of the Latin language, Latin verb , literally "to carry back" (from the verb , "to bear, bring, carry" plus the inseparable prefix , here meaning "back"Marchant & Charles, Cassell's La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
