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Bélier (rocket)
Bélier is the designation of a France, French sounding rocket family. Three versions of the Bélier were launched between 1961 and 1970 at the CIEES launch facility at Hammaguir, the Salto di Quirra and CERES Ile du Levant, Ile du Levant missile ranges, and Kourou Space Center. After its retirement, the Bélier was used as a stage for a family of solid-propellant rockets, including the Centaure (rocket), Centaure, the Dragon (rocket), Dragon, the Dauphin (rocket), Dauphin and the Éridan (rocket), Éridan. Versions Belier I The first Belier single stage rocket, powered by a Jericho (missile), Jericho motor. * payload: 30 kg * apogee: 80 km * takeoff thrust: 20.00 kN * takeoff weight: 313 kg * diameter: 0.31 m * length: 4.01 m * fin span: 0.78 m Belier II Upgraded Belier single stage rocket, using 'Plastolite' propellant. * payload: 30 kg * apogee: 130 km * takeoff thrust: 21.50 kN * takeoff weight: 352 kg * diameter: 0.31 m * length: 5.90 m * fin span: 0.78 m Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dragon (rocket)
The Dragon is a two-stage French solid propellant sounding rocket used for high altitude research between 1962 and 1973. It belonged thereby to a family of solid-propellant rockets derived from the Bélier, including the Centaure, the Dauphin and the Éridan. The dragon's first stage was a Stromboli engine (diameter 56 cm) which burned 675 kg of propellant in 16 seconds and so produced a maximum thrust of 88 kN. Versions of the Bélier engine were used as upper stages. A payload of 30 to 120 kg could be carried on parabolic with apogees between 440 km (270 mi) (Dragon-2B) and 560 km (340 mi)(Dragon-3) Versions The Dragon was built in several versions including the Dragon-2B, and Dragon-3: Launches Dragons have been launched from Andøya, Biscarrosse, Dumont d'Urville, CELPA (El Chamical), CIEES, Kerguelen Islands The Kerguelen Islands ( or ; in French commonly ' but officially ', ), also known as the Desolation Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Space Research Organisation
The European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) was an international organisation founded by 10 European nations with the intention of jointly pursuing scientific research in space. It was founded in 1964. As an organisation ESRO was based on a previously existing international scientific institution, CERN. The ESRO convention, the organisations founding document outlines it as an entity exclusively devoted to scientific pursuits. This was the case for most of its lifetime but in the final years before the formation of ESA, the European Space Agency, ESRO began a programme in the field of telecommunications. Consequently, ESA is not a mainly pure science focused entity but concentrates on telecommunications, earth observation and other application motivated activities. ESRO was merged with European Launcher Development Organisation, ELDO in 1975 to form the European Space Agency. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Africa and Asia. Europe is commonly considered to be Boundaries between the continents#Asia and Europe, separated from Asia by the Drainage divide, watershed of the Ural Mountains, the Ural (river), Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Greater Caucasus, the Black Sea, and the waterway of the Bosporus, Bosporus Strait. "Europe" (pp. 68–69); "Asia" (pp. 90–91): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe ... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Europe covers approx. , or 2% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface (6.8% of Earth's land area), making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNES
CNES () is the French national space agency. Headquartered in central Paris, the agency is overseen by the ministries of the Armed Forces, Economy and Finance and Higher Education, Research and Innovation. It operates from the Toulouse Space Centre and the Guiana Space Centre. The president of CNES is Philippe Baptiste. CNES is a member of Institute of Space, its Applications and Technologies. It is Europe's largest national organization of its type. History CNES was established under President Charles de Gaulle in 1961. It is the world's third oldest space agency, after the Soviet space program (Russia), and NASA (United States). CNES was responsible for the training of French astronauts, until the last active CNES astronauts transferred to the European Space Agency in 2001. , CNES is working with Germany and a few other governments to start a modest research effort with the hope to propose a LOX/methane reusable launch vehicle by mid-2015. If built, flight testing w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DGA Essais De Missiles
DGA Essais de missiles (previously named CEL - Centre d'Essais des Landes) is a launch site for the test of military rockets and for launching sounding rockets in France. "DGA Essais de missiles" is situated between Biscarrosse and the Atlantic Ocean. "DGA Essais de missiles" went in service in 1967 as replacement for the former launch sites at CIEES, Hammaguir. A large number of rockets were tested from this site: Belier III, Dragon 1, Dragon 2B, Dragon 3, Rubis, Tacite, SSBS S112, Cora, Dauphin, SSBS S01, MSBS M012, MSBS M013, SSBS S02, Black Brant VC, MSBS M1, Tibère, Viper 3A, Forschungsflugkörper, MSBS M2, SSBS S2, MSBS M20, SSBS S3, Nike Orion, MSBS M4, Hades Hades (; , , later ), in the ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology, is the god of the dead and the king of the Greek underworld, underworld, with which his name became synonymous. Hades was the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea ..., Black Brant 9CM1, MSBS M45 and MSBS M51. Pads Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jericho (missile)
Jericho () is a general designation given to a loosely-related family of deployed ballistic missiles developed by Israel since the 1960s. The name is taken from the first development contract for the Jericho I signed between Israel and Dassault Aviation, Dassault in 1963, with the codename as a reference to the Bible, Biblical city of Jericho. As with some other Israeli high tech weapons systems, exact details are classified, though there are observed test data, public statements by government officials, and details in open literature especially about the Shavit 2, Shavit satellite launch vehicle. The later Jericho family development is related to the Shavit and Shavit II space launch vehicles believed to be derivatives of the Jericho II IRBM and that preceded the development of the Jericho III ICBM. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the US concluded that the Shavit could be adapted as an ICBM carrying a 500 kg warhead over 7,500 km. Additional insight into t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Éridan (rocket)
The Éridan is a two-stage French sounding rocket, which results from the use of the ''Stromboli'' engine (also used on the Dragon and Dauphin) for the first and second stages. It belonged to a family of solid-propellant rockets that also encompasses the Belier, the Centaure, the Dragon, and the Dauphin. As the most powerful version of this series it could lift payloads from to up to altitudes of to a maximum of . Its ascent time is between 230 and 350 seconds. Total thrust was 90.00 kN (20,232 lbf) with a gross mass of to depending in payload. The rocket had a height of , a diameter of and a span of . An improved version called Éridan II was planned in 1971 but it never materialized due to the project being cancelled in 1973. Launches Éridan was flown fifteen times between 1968 and 1979 from Kourou and the Kerguelen Islands. The first flight from Kourou on 26 September 1968 failed, but was followed by twelve successful launches that took the rocket to altit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dauphin (rocket)
The Dauphin is a French sounding rocket, flown six times between 1967 and 1979. It consists of a modification of the first stage of the Dragon with a larger payload nosecone. The Dauphin has a diameter of 56 centimetres, a launch weight of 1.132 metric tons, a length of 6.21 metres, a takeoff thrust of 90 newton (unit), kN and a ceiling of 150 kilometres. It belonged to the ''Stromboli'' family of Solid-propellant rocket, solid-propellant including the Belier (rocket), Belier, the Centaure (rocket), Centaure, and the Dragon, along with the Éridan (rocket), Eridan. Launches The first launch occurred on March 20, 1967 from Hammaguir, Hammaguira and was a failure. The three next flights, from CERES Ile du Levant, Ile du Levant and Biscarrosse, Biscarosse were successful. On September 14, 1971, a Dauphin rocket was first launched from Guiana Space Centre, Kourou, conducting the ''PHARE (FU-196) Aeronomy mission''. A final launch happened on February 8, 1979 to test the Ariane l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centaure (rocket)
Centaure was a two-stage French sounding rocket consisting of a Venus first stage and a Belier second stage. It belongs to a family of solid-propellant rockets consisting of the Belier, Centaure, Dragon, Dauphin, and Eridan. It was operated by Sud-Aviation between 1961 and 1986. Centaure rockets were launched from the CIEES/ Hammaguir missile range, Reggane, CELPA, Salto di Quirra, Esrange, Thumba, Sonmiani, and Andøya. It had a maximum payload of 60 kg, an apogee of 130-146 km, a launch thrust of 44 kN, a launch weight of 500-600 kg, a diameter of 0.28 m and a length of 5.9-6.3 m. Versions There were various versions of Centaure rockets: Launches A large number of Centaure rockets was launched between 1961 and 1986: See also * Belier * Dauphin * Dragon A dragon is a Magic (supernatural), magical legendary creature that appears in the folklore of multiple cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but European dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kourou Space Center
The Guiana Space Centre (; CSG), also called Europe's Spaceport, is a spaceport to the northwest of Kourou in French Guiana, an overseas region of France in South America. Kourou is located approximately north of the equator at a latitude of 5°. In operation since 1968, it is a suitable location for a spaceport because of its near equatorial location and open sea to the east and north. At CSG, space launches are conducted by several European private companies and government agencies working together. The CSG land itself is managed by CNES, the French national space agency. The launch infrastructure built on the CSG land is owned by the European Space Agency. The private company Arianespace operates the launches including planning missions, handling customer relationships and overseeing the team at CSG that integrates and prepares vehicles for launch. The rockets themselves are designed and produced by other companies, ArianeGroup for the Ariane 6 and Avio for the Vega. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
