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Byblos
Byblos ( ; ), also known as Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (, Lebanese Arabic, locally ), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. The area is believed to have been first settled between 8800 and 7000BC and continuously inhabited since 5000BC. During its history, Byblos was part of numerous cultures including Old Kingdom of Egypt, Egyptian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Achaemenid Empire, Persian, Hellenistic period, Hellenistic, Roman Empire, Roman, Genoese Republic, Genoese, Mamluk Sultanate, Mamluk and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman. Urbanisation is thought to have begun during the third millennium BC when it developed into a city, making it one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, if not the oldest. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was in Ancient Byblos that the Phoenician alphabet, likely the ancestor of the Greek alphabet, Greek, Latin and all other Western alphabets, was developed. Etymology The name appears as ''Keb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byblos District
Byblos District (; transliteration: ''Qadaa' Jbeil''), also called the Jbeil District (''Jbeil'' is Lebanese Arabic for "Byblos"; standard Arabic ''Jubail''), is a district ('' qadaa'') of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon. It is located to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut. The capital is Byblos. The rivers of al-Madfoun and Nahr Ibrahim form the district's natural northern and southern borders respectively, with the Mediterranean Sea bordering it from the west and Mount Lebanon from the east, separating it from the adjacent district of Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley. Demographics The district's population is predominantly Maronite Catholic, followed by a Shia Muslim minority community. The largest towns of the district are predominantly inhabited by Maronites; notably Byblos, Qartaba, Aqoura and Amsheet. Most Shia Muslims live in the villages of Almat, Ras Osta, Hjoula and Bichtlida, and in the jurd highlands of Lassa, Afqa and Mazraat es-Siyad. A Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoenicia
Phoenicians were an Ancient Semitic-speaking peoples, ancient Semitic group of people who lived in the Phoenician city-states along a coastal strip in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon and the Syria, Syrian coast. They developed a Maritime history, maritime civilization which expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from Arwad in modern Syria to Mount Carmel. The Phoenicians extended their cultural influence through trade and colonization throughout the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Iberian Peninsula, evidenced by thousands of Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, Phoenician inscriptions. The Phoenicians directly succeeded the Bronze Age Canaanites, continuing their cultural traditions after the decline of most major Mediterranean basin cultures in the Late Bronze Age collapse and into the Iron Age without interruption. They called themselves Canaanites and referred to their land as Canaan, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanon
Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west; Cyprus lies a short distance from the coastline. Lebanon has a population of more than five million and an area of . Beirut is the country's capital and largest city. Human habitation in Lebanon dates to 5000 BC. From 3200 to 539 BC, it was part of Phoenicia, a maritime civilization that spanned the Mediterranean Basin. In 64 BC, the region became part of the Roman Empire and the subsequent Byzantine Empire. After the seventh century, it Muslim conquest of the Levant, came under the rule of different Islamic caliphates, including the Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun, Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid. The 11th century saw the establishment of Christian Crusader states, which fell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate
Keserwan-Jbeil () is the most recently created governorate of Lebanon. It consists of the districts of Jbeil and Keserwan. Keserwan-Jbeil covers an area of and is bounded by the North Governorate to the north, the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate to the east, the Mount Lebanon Governorate to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. The capital is at Jounieh. As of the end of 2017, the combined population of the districts of Jbeil and Keserwan was estimated to be 282,222. Maronites comprise a large majority of the population in the governorate, while Shiites are the next largest confessional group. In the 2018 Lebanese general election, Jbeil and Keserwan formed the Mount Lebanon I electoral district which was allotted eight parliamentary seats in total, seven Maronite and one Shia. A proposal to separate the districts of Jbeil and Keserwan from Mount Lebanon Governorate was first submitted to Parliament in 2003. The new governorate was finally established by the gazetting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoenician Alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) used across the Mediterranean civilization of Phoenicia for most of the 1st millennium BC. It was one of the first alphabets, attested in Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions found across the Mediterranean basin. In the history of writing systems, the Phoenician script also marked the first to have a fixed writing direction—while previous systems were multi-directional, Phoenician was written horizontally, from right to left. It developed directly from the Proto-Sinaitic script used during the Late Bronze Age, which was derived in turn from Egyptian hieroglyphs. The Phoenician alphabet was used to write Canaanite languages spoken during the Early Iron Age, sub-categorized by historians as Phoenician, Hebrew, Moabite, Ammonite and Edomite, as well as Old Aramaic. It was widely disseminated outside of the Canaanite sphere by Phoenician merchants across the Mediterranean, where it was adopted and adap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genoese Republic
The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in both the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, it was one of the major financial centres of Europe. Throughout its history, the Genoese Republic established numerous colonies throughout the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, including Corsica from 1347 to 1768, Monaco, Southern Crimea from 1266 to 1475, and the islands of Lesbos and Chios from the 14th century to 1462 and 1566, respectively. With the arrival of the early modern period, the Republic had lost many of its colonies, and shifted its focus to banking. This was successful for Genoa, which remained a hub of capitalism, with highly developed banks and trading companies. Genoa was known as ''la Superba'' ("the Superb One"), ''la Dominante'' ("The Dominant One"), ''la Dominante de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Oldest Continuously Inhabited Cities
This is a list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited as a city. The age claims listed are generally disputed. Differences in opinion can result from different definitions of "city" as well as "continuous habitation" and historical evidence is often disputed. Caveats (and sources) to the validity of each claim are discussed in the "Notes" column. Africa North and Northeast Africa East Africa West Africa Central Africa Southern Africa Americas North America South America Asia West Asia Central and South Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Europe Oceania See also * Historical urban community sizes * List of cities in the Americas by year of foundation (includes ancient native sites) * List of cities of the ancient Near East * List of largest cities throughout history, including ones no longer inhabited * List of oldest extant buildings Notes References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Districts Of Lebanon
The nine governorates of Lebanon are subdivided into 26 districts (''Aqdya'', singular''qadaa''). Beirut Governorate is not subdivided into districts, and Akkar Governorate comprises a single district. The districts are further divided into municipalities. List of districts Capitals (مراكز) of the governorates and districts are indicated in parentheses. #Akkar Governorate ( Halba) #* Akkar ( Halba) # Baalbek-Hermel Governorate (Baalbek) #*Baalbek (Baalbek) #* Hermel ( Hermel) #Beirut Governorate (Beirut Beirut ( ; ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, just under half of Lebanon's population, which makes it the List of largest cities in the Levant region by populatio ...) #Beqaa Governorate (Zahlé) #*Rashaya District, Rashaya (Rashaya) #*Western Beqaa District, Western Beqaa (Joub Jannine - winter Saghbine - summer) #*Zahlé District, Zahlé (Zahlé) #Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate (Jounieh) #* ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telephone Numbers In Lebanon
In Lebanon, the area codes are, including the leading ''0'', two, three or four Dialling *National: xx-xxx-xxx *International: +961 xx-xxx-xxx Area codes *01 : Beirut and its Metropolitan area *02 : No longer in use (was previously used to call Syria) *030 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch) *031 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa) *032 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa) *033 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa) *034 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa) *035 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa) *036 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch) *037 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch) *038 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch) *039 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (to) *04 : Mount Lebanon, Metn Caza *05 : Mount Lebanon, Baabda Caza + Aley Caza + Chouf Caza *06 : North Lebanon (includes Akkar) *07 : South Lebanon (This includes some towns on the southern part of Mount Lebanon) *070 0 : Mobile operators - MIC2 (touch) *070 1 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa) *070 2 : Mobile operators - MIC1 (alfa) *070 3 : Mobile opera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (, ; Egyptian language, Egyptian: ''wikt:pr ꜥꜣ, pr ꜥꜣ''; Meroitic language, Meroitic: 𐦲𐦤𐦧, ; Biblical Hebrew: ''Parʿō'') was the title of the monarch of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty of Egypt, First Dynasty () until the Roman Egypt, annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE. However, the equivalent Egyptian language, Egyptian word for "king" was the term used most frequently by the ancient Egyptians for their monarchs, regardless of gender, through the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom of Egypt, New Kingdom. The earliest confirmed instances of "pharaoh" used contemporaneously for a ruler were a letter to Akhenaten (reigned –1336 BCE) or an inscription possibly referring to Thutmose III (–1425 BCE). In the early dynasties, ancient Egyptian kings had as many as ancient Egyptian royal titulary, three titles: the Horus name, Horus, the prenomen (Ancient Egypt), Sedge and Bee (wikt:nswt-bjtj, ''nswt-bjtj''), and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection under an treaty, international treaty administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance. The sites are judged to contain "cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity". To be selected, a World Heritage Site is nominated by its host country and determined by the UNESCO's World Heritage Committee to be a unique landmark which is geographically and historically identifiable, having a special cultural or physical significance, and to be under a sufficient system of legal protection. World Heritage Sites might be ancient ruins or historical structures, buildings, cities, deserts, forests, islands, lakes, monuments, mountains or wilderness areas, and others. A World Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humankind and serve as evidence of humanity's intellectual history on the planet, or it might be a place of grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sneferu
Sneferu or Soris (c. 2600 BC) was an ancient Egyptian monarch and the first pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, during the earlier half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC). He introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids, and at least three of his pyramids survive to this day. Estimates of his reign vary, with for instance ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'' suggesting a reign from around 2613 to 2589 BC, a reign of 24 years, while Rolf Krauss suggests a 30-year reign, and Rainer Stadelmann a 48-year reign. Sneferu's name His name means "He has perfected me", from ''Ḥr-nb-mꜣꜥt-snfr-wj'' "Horus, Lord of Maat, has perfected me", and is sometimes read Snefru or Snofru. He is also known under his Hellenized name Soris ( by Manetho). Reign length The 24-year Turin Canon figure for Sneferu's reign is considered today to be an underestimate since this king's highest-known date is an inscription discovered at the Red Pyramid of Dahshu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
