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Bu–Nao Languages
The Bu–Nao or Bunu languages are a Hmongic (Miao) language branch spoken in Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guizhou in China. Its speakers are officially classified as ethnic Yao but speak Hmongic languages. The branch consists of three languages, which are Bunu (or Bunu proper), Baonao ( Nao Klao), and Numao. The term ''Bu–Nao'' is a portmanteau of ''Bunu'' and ''Nao Klao''. Classification Speakers of Bu–Nao languages are officially classified as Yao people by the Chinese government, although they speak Hmongic languages rather than Mienic languages. Strecker (1987) had classified Bunu proper as a Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ... (Chuanqiandian) Hmongic language, and the other "Bunu" languages— Younuo (Yuno), Wunai (Hm Nai), and Jiongnai (Kiong Nai) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guangxi
Guangxi,; officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of the China, People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam (Hà Giang Province, Hà Giang, Cao Bằng Province, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn Province, Lạng Sơn, and Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the Gulf of Tonkin. Formerly a Provinces of China, province, Guangxi became an autonomous region in 1958. Its current capital is Nanning. Guangxi's location, in mountainous terrain in the far south of China, has placed it on the frontier of Chinese civilization throughout much of History of China, Chinese history. The current name "Guang" means "expanse" and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in 226 AD. It was given Administrative divisions of the Yuan dynasty, provincial level status during the Yuan dynasty, but even into the 20th century, it was considered an open, wild territory. The abbreviation of the regi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Guizhou
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing. Human language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity, with significant variations observed between cultures and across time. Human languages possess the properties of productivity and displacement, which enable the creation of an infinite number of sentences, and the ability to refer to objects, events, and ideas that are not immediately present in the discourse. The use of human language relies on social convention and is acquired through learning. Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between and . Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiongnai Language
Kiong Nai (or Jiongnai, ) is a divergent Hmongic (Miao) language spoken in Jinxiu County, Guangxi, China. The speakers' autonym is pronounced or ; ' means 'mountain', while ' means 'people'. Mao & Li (2002) believe it to be most closely related to She. Dialects Mao & Li (2002) divide Jiongnai into two major dialects. *Longhua (龙华), spoken in Longhua (龙华村) of Changdong Township (长垌乡) *Liuxiang (六巷), spoken in Liuxiang Township (六巷乡) Jiongnai is spoken in the following villages in three townships of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County Jinxiu (; ) is a county of eastern Guangxi, China, located in an area of relatively high concentrations of the Yao people. It is administered as the Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County of Laibin City. Established in 1952, with the name of Dayaoshan Auton ..., Guangxi. *Liuxiang Township (六巷乡): Liuxiang (六巷), Mengtou (门头), Dadeng (大凳), Huangsang (黄桑), Xincun (新村), and Gupu (古蒲) *Changdong Township (长垌 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wunai Language
Hm Nai (Mandarin: Wunai (唔奈 ''Wúnài''), Cantonese: Ng-nai) is a Hmong-Mien language spoken in western Hunan province, China. There are approximately 5800 people speaking this language, and the number is decreasing. Mao & Li (1997) determined it to be closely related to the Pa-Hng language. Distribution Hm Nai is spoken in:Mao Zongwu 宗武 Li Yunbing 云兵 1997. ''A study of Pa-Hng'' 哼语研究 Shanghai: Shanghai Far East Publishing House 海远东出版社 *Longhui County: in Huxingshan 虎形山乡, Xiaoshajiang 小沙江乡, Motang 磨塘乡, Dashuitian 大水田乡. The Huxingshan 虎形山乡 dialect is the best documented variety, since it is typically used as the representative datapoint for Hm Nai. *Xupu County *Chenxi County *Dongkou County * Chengbu County *Xinning County References Bibliography * * * Yang, Zaibiao 杨再彪. 2016. ''Munaiyu yanjiu'' 呣奈语研究. Ph.D. dissertation. Changsha: Hunan Normal University Hunan Normal Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Younuo Language
Younuo (also spelled Yuno, ''yōunuò''; autonym: ') is a divergent Hmongic language spoken in Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. Mao (2007:129) reports a total of approximately 4,000 speakers. Classification The classification of Younuo within Hmongic is uncertain, although it may be more closely related to Pa-Hng or She. According to Mao (2007), Younuo is most closely related to Pa-Hng, and forms a branch with it. However, Hsiu's (2015, 2018) computational phylogenetic study classifies Younuo as more closely related to She, Jiongnai, and Pana. Li (2018) also treats Younuo as closely related to She, Jiongnai, and Pana. Demographics Like Pa-Hng speakers, the Younuo are also called "Red Yao" 红瑶, which can refer to various Yao groups speaking different languages. Younuo speakers are also called Shanhua Red Yao 山话红瑶, and number about 4,600 people. Their neighbors, the Pinghua Red Yao 平话红瑶, speak a Pinghua dialect rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mienic Languages
The Mienic or Yao languages are spoken by the Yao people of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Some of the Yao peoples speak Hmongic languages (Miao); these are called '' Bunu''. A small population of Yao people in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County (金秀瑶族自治县) in eastern Guangxi speak a Tai-Kadai language called Lakkia. Other Yao peoples speak various Sinitic (Chinese) language varieties. Classification Mienic is one of the primary branches of the Hmong–Mien language family, with the other being Hmongic. Ratliff (2010) Martha Ratliff (2010:3) proposed the following classification:Ratliff, Martha. 2010. ''Hmong–Mien language history''. Canberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics. *Mienic ** Iu Mien, 840,000 speakers ** Kim Mun, 400,000 speakers ** Biao Min, 43,000 speakers ** Dzao Min, 60,000 speakers Strecker (1987) Strecker 1987,Strecker, David. 1987.The Hmong-Mien Languages" In ''Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'', 10, no. 2: 1-11. followed (with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portmanteau
In linguistics, a blend—also known as a blend word, lexical blend, or portmanteau—is a word formed by combining the meanings, and parts of the sounds, of two or more words together.Garner's Modern American Usage p. 644. English examples include '' smog'', coined by blending ''smoke'' and ''fog'', and '''', from ''motor'' ('' motorist'') and ''hotel''. A blend is similar to a [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yao People
The Yao people () or Dao () is a classification for various ethnic minorities in China and Vietnam. Their majority branch is also known as Mien. They originated in the areas around Changsha, which today is the capital of Hunan province. They speak a branch of the Hmong-Mien family of languages and share a strong genetic connection to the Hmong peoples. They are believed to have diverged from the Hmong around 5,800 years ago. They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China and reside in the mountainous southwest and south of the country. They also form one of the 54 ethnic groups officially recognized by Vietnam. They numbered 2,796,003 in the 2010 Chinese census and 891,151 in the 2019 Vietnamese census. An estimated 60,000 Yao of the Iu Mien branch reside in the United States, mostly in the Western coastal states. History China Origin myth The origins of the Yao can be traced back two millennia to Hunan around the Dongting Lake region. According to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, Autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions of Guangxi and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, as well as Southeast Asian countries Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, and Laos. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the Northwest and low elevations in the Southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yunnan has perhaps 17, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after India, representing 17.4% of the world population. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land across an area of nearly , making it the list of countries and dependencies by area, third-largest country by land area. The country is divided into 33 Province-level divisions of China, province-level divisions: 22 provinces of China, provinces, 5 autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, 4 direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and 2 semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the country's capital, while Shanghai is List of cities in China by population, its most populous city by urban area and largest financial center. Considered one of six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numao Language
Numao is a Hmongic language of China. Varieties Meng (2001) lists the following language varieties for Numao. *Numao 努茂 (Nu Mhou, autonym: ) - 1,715 speakers in Libo County, Guizhou; representative dialect: Yaolu Township, Libo County 荔波瑶麓瑶族乡 **Numao 努茂 (Nu Mhou, White-Trouser Yao 白裤瑶, autonym: ) - about 1,200 speakers in the townships of Yaolu 瑶麓 and Jiarong 佳荣 **Dongmeng 冬孟 (Long-Shirt Yao 长衫瑶, autonym: ) - about 400 speakers in the townships of Maolan 茂兰, Dongtang 洞塘, and Weng'ang 翁昂 Zhou (2013:29) lists the following three varieties of Numao and also provides 400-word vocabulary lists for them. *White-Trouser Yao 白裤瑶 (autonym: ''təu51 m̥o33'') in Yaoshan Township 瑶山乡 *Green Yao 青瑶 (autonym: ''mu51 m̥ɑu33'') in Yaolu Township 瑶麓乡 *Long-Shirt Yao 长衫瑶 (autonym: ''tən33 m̥o55'') in Yaozhai 瑶寨, Dongtang Township 洞塘乡 The ''Guizhou Province Gazetteer'' (2002) lists the followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
