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Burgschule (Königsberg)
The Burgschule or Oberrealschule auf der Burg was a secondary school ('' Oberrealschule'') located originally in central Königsberg, Germany, and later in the suburban Amalienau quarter. It was the fourth oldest school in the city, behind Altstadt Gymnasium, Kneiphof Gymnasium, and Löbenicht Realgymnasium. History In 1658 a parochial school was founded in Burgfreiheit near Königsberg Castle to serve the city's reformed community,Albinus, p. 52 which included Germans, English, Scots, Poles, Lithuanians, and Huguenots. Its first and initially only teacher was Dr. Paul Andreas Jurski, who would later become a reformed pastor in Memel (Klaipėda). On 18''Statistisches Jahrbuch der höheren Schulen'', entry 19 August 1664 Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, had the parochial school reorganized into a reformed Latin school. Frederick William donated 100 Hufen (roughly 750 hectares) near Labiau (Polessk) in support of the school. In 1691 his successor, Frederick, endowed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Realschule
Real school (, ) is a type of secondary school in Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It has also existed in Croatia (''realna gimnazija''), the Austrian Empire, the German Empire, Denmark and Norway (''realskole''), Sweden (''realskola''), Finland (''reaalikoulu''), Hungary (''reáliskola''), Latvia (''reālskola''), Slovenia (''realka''), Serbia (''realna gimnazija/realka''), and the Russian Empire (''реальное училище''), including partitioned Poland (''szkoła realna''). Germany Situation of the school In the German secondary school system, ''Realschule'' is ranked between Hauptschule (lowest) and Gymnasium (school), Gymnasium (highest). After completing the ''Realschule'', good students are allowed to attend a professional Gymnasium or a general-education Gymnasium. They can also attend a ''Berufsschule'' or do an apprenticeship. In most states of Germany, students start the ''Realschule'' at the age of ten or eleven and typically finish school at the age ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Reformed Church (Königsberg)
French Reformed Church French Reformed Church The French Reformed Church () was a Protestant church in eastern Königsberg, Germany. History Located at the corner of Königstraße and Landhofmeister-Straße in Neue Sorge, the Rococo building served the Huguenot community of the city with French sermons. It was built from 1733 to 1736 according to plans by Joachim Ludwig Schultheiß von Unfriedt. King Frederick William I of Prussia, a Calvinist, provided 12,000 Thaler out of the total cost of 18,687. The new church was dedicated on 29 July 1736 in the presence of the king. During negotiations for the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, Pastor La Canal of the church and Königsberg commerce councillor Prin convinced Napoleon to reduce Prussia's war indemnity from 20 million to 12 million francs. Beginning in 1817 German sermons were given every fourth week; by 1831, the pattern was reversed and French sermons were given every fourth week. The parish was fluent in German, but adhered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a mathematical model, model of Celestial spheres#Renaissance, the universe that placed heliocentrism, the Sun rather than Earth at its center. Copernicus likely developed his model independently of Aristarchus of Samos, an List of ancient Greek astronomers, ancient Greek astronomer who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier. The publication of Copernicus' model in his book ' (''On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres''), just before his death in 1543, was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution and making a pioneering contribution to the Scientific Revolution. Copernicus was born and died in Royal Prussia, a semiautonomous and multilingual region created within the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from lands regained from the Teutonic Order after the Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466), Thirteen Years' War. A Poly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanislaus Cauer
Stanislaus Cauer (18 October 1867 – 8 March 1943) was a German sculptor, medallist and art teacher. He is best known for his monument to Friedrich Schiller. Life and work Cauer was born in Bad Kreuznach, the fourth of nine children born to the sculptor Robert Cauer the Elder, Robert Cauer and his wife Auguste, née Schmidt. His younger brother also became a sculptor. At the age of fifteen, Cauer began taking lessons from his father at their studio in Rome. He then went on several study trips to France and the Netherlands. After his father's death in 1893, he was persuaded to take over the studio in Bad Kreuznach, but became involved in family squabbles. In 1897, he returned to Rome and married Anna Chidel, the sister of one of his German friends there. Cauer was in Berlin by 1905 but, frustrated by the constant struggle to obtain commissions, he accepted an appointment to succeed Friedrich Reusch as a Professor and head of the sculpting classes at the Kunstakademie Königs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltiysk
Baltiysk ( ); ; Old Prussian: ''Pillawa''; ; ; is a seaport town and the administrative center of Baltiysky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the northern part of the Vistula Spit, on the shore of the Strait of Baltiysk separating the Vistula Lagoon from Gdańsk Bay. It had a population of Baltiysk, the westernmost town in Russia, is a major base of the Russian Navy's Baltic Fleet and is connected to St. Petersburg by ferry. History Old Prussian village Baltiysk was originally the site of an Old Prussian fishing village that was established on the coast of the Vistula Spit at some point in the 13th century. The village was named as "Pile" or "Pil" in several documents, possibly taking its name from ''pils'' the Old Prussian language word for fort. It was eventually conquered by the Teutonic Knights, with the name evolving into the German form of Pillau. In 1497, a storm surge dug a new gat in front of the village, and another large storm create ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teutonic Knights
The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem was formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals. Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, having historically served as a crusading military order for supporting Catholic rule in the Holy Land and the Northern Crusades during the Middle Ages, as well as supplying military protection for Catholics in Eastern Europe. Purely religious since 1810, the Teutonic Order still confers limited honorary knighthoods. The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order, a Protestant chivalric order, is descended from the same medieval military order and also continues to award knighthoods and perform charitable work. Name The name of the Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem is in and in Latin . Thus the term "T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordensburg
''Ordensburg'' (plural ''Ordensburgen'') is a German language, German term meaning a "castle of a (military) order". It is used specifically for the fortified structures built by Crusades, crusading German Military order (religious society), military orders during the Middle Ages. Medieval ''Ordensburgen'' ''Ordensburgen'' were originally constructed by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and later by the Teutonic Order to fortify territory in Prussia (region), Prussia and Livonia captured from the native populations – Old Prussians, Lithuanians and native peoples of what is now Latvia and Estonia. Later, ''Ordensburgen'' were used to attack Lithuania. Since they were built and used by religious military orders, the ''Ordensburgen'' often resembled monastery , monasteries. While they were considerably larger than those in the Holy Roman Empire, they were much scarcer in the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights. While a normal castle in the Holy Roman Empire would control a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hufen
Hufen was a broad region along northwestern Königsberg, Germany, which developed into the quarters of Ratshof, Amalienau, Mittelhufen, and Vorderhufen. The territory is now part of the Tsentralny District, Kaliningrad, Tsentralny District of Kaliningrad, Russia. History Hufen's name was derived from the system of measurement ''Landhufe, Hufe'', approximately 30 morgen. Under the control of Altstadt (Königsberg), Altstadt by 1286, it was known as ''Huben'' by 1300.Albinus, p. 134 It originally extended north and west from Steindamm Gate. By 1710 Altstadt had foresters tending to the Kaporner Heath northwest of Königsberg, living along the Alte Pillauer Landstraße on the road to Baltiysk, Pillau. Rich Königsbergers began to visit the countryside in summertime. By the end of the 18th century Hufen consisted of the estate Ratshof and the villages Vorderhufen ("near Hufen") in the north, Mittelhufen ("middle Hufen") in the northwest, and Hinterhufen ("further Hufen"), later known a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brandenburg An Der Havel
Brandenburg an der Havel (; ) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, which served as the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg until it was replaced by Berlin in 1417. With a population of 72,040 (as of 2020), it is located on the banks of the Havel, River Havel. The town of Brandenburg provided the name for the medieval Prince-Bishopric of Brandenburg, Bishopric of Brandenburg, the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the current state of Brandenburg. Today, it is a small town compared to nearby Berlin but was the original nucleus of the former realms of Brandenburg and Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. History Middle Ages The name of the city is a combination of two words ''braniti'' – to protect/defend and ''bor'' – forest/wood. Brenna, which had been a fort of the West Slavs, West Slavic tribe Stodoranie, was conquered in 929 after the Battle of Lenzen by the German King Henry the Fowler of Saxony. It was at this time first mentioned in documents as ''Brennaburg''. By the death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volksgericht
The People's Court ( , acronymed to ''VGH'') was a ' ("special court") of Nazi Germany, set up outside the operations of the constitutional frame of law. Its headquarters were originally located in the former Prussian House of Lords in Berlin, later moved to the former '' Königliches Wilhelms-Gymnasium'' at Bellevuestrasse 15 in Potsdamer Platz (the location now occupied by The Center Potsdamer Platz; a marker is located on the sidewalk nearby). The court was established in 1934 by order of Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler, in response to his dissatisfaction at the outcome of the Reichstag fire trial in front of the Reich Court of Justice (''Reichsgericht'') in which all but one of the defendants were acquitted. The court had jurisdiction over a rather broad array of "political offenses", which included crimes like black marketeering, work slowdowns, defeatism, and treason against Nazi Germany. These crimes were viewed by the court as ''Wehrkraftzersetzung'' ("the disintegratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberlandesgericht
An (; plural – ; OLG, , or in Berlin '' Kammergericht'': KG) is a higher court in Germany. There are 24 in Germany and they deal with civil and criminal matters. They are positioned above regional courts () and below the Federal Court of Justice (), in family and child law above the local courts ('' Amtsgericht'') and below the Federal Court of Justice. In the ', the offices of the () or district attorney general are located. In criminal cases that are under primary jurisdiction of the Federal Court of Justice (i.e., cases concerning national security), the Oberlandesgerichte act as branches of the Federal Court of Justice, that is, as "lower federal courts" (''Untere Bundesgerichte''). As peSection 120, OLGs have original jurisdiction (''Erstinstanz'') over crimes against public international law under the Völkerstrafgesetzbuch (genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes). This includes trials under universal jurisdiction (that were committed by non-Germans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
