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Bunkyū
was a after ''Man'en'' and before ''Genji (era), Genji''. This period spanned the years from March 1861 through March 1864. The reigning Emperor of Japan, emperor was . Change of era * March 29, 1861 (''Man'en 2/Bunkyū 1, 19th day of the 2nd month'') : The new era name of ''Bunkyū'' (meaning "Literate Story") was created because of a belief drawn from Chinese astrology that the 58th year of any zodiacal cycle brings great changes. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Man'en'' 2. Events of the ''Bunkyū'' era * 1861 (''Bunkyu 1''): Ukai Gyokusen established the first commercial photography studio (''Eishin-dō'') in Edo. * January 1862 (''Bunkyū 1, 12th month''): The Bonin Islands (''Ogasawara'' Islands) are re-confirmed as a territory of Japan, following up "discovery" of the islands in ''Kanbun (era), Kanbun'' 10 (1670) and a shogunate expedition to the islands in ''Enpō'' 3 (1675). * 1862 (''Bunkyū 2''): The Bunkyū Reforms relax restrictions on ''daimy� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genji (era)
is a after ''Bunkyū'' and before '' Keiō.'' This period spanned only slightly more than a single year from March 27, 1864 until May 1, 1865. The reigning emperor was . The new era name was derived from the '' I Ching''. Change of era * March 27, 1864 (''Bunkyū 4/Genji 1, 20th day of the 2nd month'') : The new era name of Genji (meaning "original rule") was created to mark the beginning of a new 60-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The old era ended and a new one commenced in ''Bunkyū'' 4. Events * July 8, 1864 (''Genji 1, fifth day of the sixth month''): The Ikedaya Jiken, also known as the Ikedaya Affair or Ikedaya Incident, developed at the Ikedaya ryokan in Kyoto. * August 12, 1864 (''Genji 1, 11th day of the 7th month''): Sakuma Shōzan is assassinated at age 53. He had traveled from Edo to Kyoto on orders of the shogunate. He was in favor of steps which would lead to an opening of the country, but his voice was stilled by death at the hands of a '' sonno joi'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Iemochi
(17 July 1846 – 29 August 1866) was the 14th '' shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, who held office from 1858 to 1866. During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of the "re-opening" of Japan to western nations. Iemochi's reign also saw a weakening of the shogunate. Iemochi died in 1866 and was buried in Zōjō-ji. His Buddhist name was Shonmyoin. Biography Iemochi, known in his childhood as Kikuchiyo (菊千代), was the eldest son of the 11th-generation Wakayama Domain lord Tokugawa Nariyuki (1801–1846) with his concubine known as Jitsujoin and was born in the domain's residence in Edo (modern-day Minato-ku in Tokyo). Nariyuki was a younger son of the 11th ''shōgun'', Tokugawa Ienari. In 1847, at age 1, he was adopted as the heir of the 12th-generation ''daimyō'' Tokugawa Narikatsu, and succeeded him in 1850, taking the name Tokugawa Yoshitomi following his coming of age in 1851. In 1858 he had audience with ''shōgun'' Iesada and h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man'en
was a after '' Ansei'' and before ''Bunkyū''. This period spanned the years from March 1860 through February 1861. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * March 18, 1860 (): The new era name was created to mark the destruction caused by a fire at Edo Castle and the assassination of Ii Naosuke (also known as "the disturbance" or "the incident" at the Sakurada-mon). The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Ansei'' 7. The new era name is derived from an hortatory aphorism to be found in '' The Book of the Later Han'': "With 100,000,000,000 descendants, your name will forever be recorded" (豊千億之子孫、歴万載而永延). Events of the ''Man'en'' era * 1860 (''Man'en 1''): First Western professional photographer to establish residence in Japan, Orrin Freeman began living in YokohamaHannavy, John. (2007). * 1860 (''Man'en 1''): First foreign mission to the United States.Press release "First Japanese Diplomatic Mission to U.S. Is Subject of May 24 Lect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenmu
was a Japanese era name of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after '' Shōkei'' and before '' Ryakuō.'' Although Kemmu is understood by the Southern Court as having begun at the same time, the era was construed to have begun after '' Genkō'' and before '' Engen.'' This period spanned the years from January 1334 through August 1338 in the North, and until only February 1336 in the Southern Court. The reigning Emperors were Emperor Go-Daigo in the south and Emperor Kōmyō in the north. Nanboku-chō overview During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911, established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose Southern Court been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara.Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001) ''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology,'' p. 199 n57 citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Kōmei
Osahito (22 July 1831 – 30 January 1867), posthumously honored as Emperor Kōmei, was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the List of Emperors of Japan, traditional order of succession.Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'')孝明天皇 (121)/ref> Kōmei's reign spanned the years from 1846 through 1867, corresponding to the Bakumatsu, final years of the Edo period.Meyer, Eva-Maria. (1999) ''Japans Kaiserhof in der Edo-Zeit'', p. 186./ref> During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of Japan's Perry Expedition, first major contact with the United States, which occurred under Matthew C. Perry, Commodore Perry in 1853 and 1854, and the subsequent forced Convention of Kanagawa, re-opening of Japan to Western nations, ending a 220-year Sakoku, period of national seclusion. Emperor Kōmei did not care much for anything foreign, and he opposed opening Japan to Western powers. His reign would continue to be dominated by insurrection and partisan conflicts, event ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Era
The or , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being "", meaning "origin, basis"), followed by the literal "" meaning "year". Era names originated in 140 BCE in Imperial China, during the reign of the Emperor Wu of Han. As elsewhere in the Sinosphere, the use of era names was originally derived from Chinese imperial practice, although the Japanese system is independent of the Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese era name systems. Unlike its other Sinosphere counterparts, Japanese era names are still in official use. Government offices usually require era names and years for official papers. The five era names used since the end of the Edo period in 1868 can be abbreviated by taking the first letter of their romanized names. For example, S55 means Shōwa 55 (i.e. 1980), and H22 stands for Heisei 22 (2010). At 62 years and 2 weeks, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonin Islands
The Bonin Islands, also known as the , is a list of islands of Japan, Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and Island#Tropical islands, tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam. The group as a whole has a total area of but only two of the islands are permanently inhabited, Chichijima and Hahajima. Together, their population was 2,560 as of 2021. Administratively, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Tokyo's Ogasawara Subprefecture also includes the settlements on the Volcano Islands and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, Self-Defense Force post on Iwo Jima. The seat of government is Chichijima. Because of the Bonins' isolation, many of their animals and plants have undergone unique evolutionary processes. It has been called "the Galápagos Islands, Galápagos of the Orient" and was named a natural World Heritage Site in 2011. When first reached during the early modern period, the islands were entirely uninhabited. Subsequent research has found ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kan'ei
was a after '' Genna'' and before ''Shōhō.'' This period spanned the years from February 1624 through December 1644. The reigning emperors and single empress were , and .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 411./ref> Change of era * 1624 : The era name was changed to mark the start of a new cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Genna'' 9, on the 30th day of the 2nd month. This era name is derived from 寛広、永長 (meaning "Broad Leniency, Eternal Leader"). Events * 1624 (''Kan'ei 1''): Construction of the Hōei-zan temple began. * November 4, 1626 (''Kan'ei 3, 16th day of the 9th month''): Emperor Go-Mizunoo and the empress visited Nijō Castle; they were accompanied by Princes of the Blood, palace ladies and ''kuge''. Among the precedents for this was the Tenshō era visit of Emperor Go-Yōzei to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's extravagant Heian-kyō mansion, Juraku-dai (which Hideyoshi himself would te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Go-Mizunoo
, posthumously honored as , was the 108th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional List of Emperors of Japan, order of succession. Go-Mizunoo's reign spanned the years from 1611 through 1629, and he was the first emperor to reign entirely during the Edo period. This 17th-century sovereign was named after the 9th-century Emperor Seiwa, sometimes posthumously referred to as because this is the location of his tomb, while ''go'' translates as "later", and thus, he could be called the "Later Emperor Mizunoo". The Japanese word ''go'' has also been translated to mean the "second one", and in some older sources, this emperor may be identified as "Mizunoo, the second" or "Mizunoo II". Genealogy Before Go-Mizunoo's accession to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his ''imina'') was or Masahito. He was the third son of Emperor Go-Yōzei and his consort, Konoe Sakiko. Prince Kotohito had 11 full siblings (7 sisters and 4 brothers). He resided together with concubines in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nijō Castle
is a flatland Japanese castle, castle in Kyoto, Japan. The castle consists of two concentric rings (Kuruwa) of fortifications, the Ninomaru Palace, the ruins of the Honmaru Palace, various support buildings and several gardens. The surface area of the castle is , of which is occupied by buildings. It is one of the seventeen Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto which have been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. History In 1601, Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate, ordered all the Daimyō, feudal lords in western Japan to contribute to the construction of Nijō Castle, which was completed during the reign of his grandson Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1626. While the castle was being built, a portion of land from the partially abandoned Shinsenen Garden (originally part of the imperial palace and located south) was absorbed, and its abundant water was used in the castle gardens and ponds. Parts of Fushimi Castle, such as the main tower and the ''karamon'', w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
