|
Bulgaria–Serbia Relations
Bulgaria and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established in 1879. From 1918 to 2006, Bulgaria maintained relations with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) (later Serbia and Montenegro), of which Serbia is considered shared (SFRY) or sole (FRY) legal successor. History Middle Ages Serbian tribes and the first medieval Serb state were under strong pressure from two neighboring empires: Byzantine Empire and the First Bulgarian Empire. Numerous wars and attacks by Bulgarian and Byzantine forces for control of the Western Balkans were a constant threat to Raška until the 12th century. With the rise of Stefan Nemanja, and especially Stefan the First-Crowned and a further series of rulers from the Nemanjić dynasty, Serbia increasingly established itself as an equal partner with Bulgaria. However, tensions between the two states never ceased. It was not until the Battle of Velbazhd in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the tenth largest within the European Union and the List of European countries by area, sixteenth-largest country in Europe by area. Sofia is the nation's capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna, Bulgaria, Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Karanovo culture (6,500 BC). In the 6th to 3rd century BC, the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Ancient Macedonians, Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, trib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Wars In Europe
A series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states took place from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century. The earliest conflicts began during the Byzantine–Ottoman wars, waged in Anatolia in the late 13th century before entering Europe in the mid-14th century with the Bulgarian–Ottoman wars. The mid-15th century saw the Serbian–Ottoman wars and the Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479), Albanian-Ottoman wars. Much of this period was characterized by the Rumelia, Ottoman expansion into the Balkans. The Ottoman Empire made further inroads into Central Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries, culminating in the peak of Ottoman territorial claims in Europe. The Ottoman–Venetian wars spanned four centuries, starting in 1423 and lasting until 1718. This period witnessed the Siege of Negroponte (1470), fall of Negroponte in 1470, the Great Siege of Malta, siege of Malta in 1565, the Siege of Famagusta, fall of Famagusta (Cyprus) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgi Sava Rakovski
Georgi Stoykov Rakovski () (1821 – 9 October 1867), known also Georgi Sava Rakovski (), born Sabi Stoykov Popovich (), was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, freemason, writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival and resistance against Ottoman rule. Biography Early life He was born in Kotel to a wealthy and patriotic family. He attended monastery schools in his hometown and in Karlovo, and in 1837, went to study in the Greek Orthodox College in Constantinople. In 1841, he was sentenced to death whilst involved in revolutionary plans against the Turks, but thanks to a Greek friend,he managed to escape to Marseille. A year-and-a-half later, he returned to Kotel, only to be arrested again in 1845 and sent to Constantinople for seven years of solitary confinement. He was released in May 1848. He decided to remain in Istanbul, where he worked as a lawyer and tradesman, and took part in campaigns for a Bulgarian national church. Rakovski was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Stambolov
Stefan Nikolov Stambolov (; 31 January 1854 Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe, OS – 19 July 1895 Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe, OS) was a Bulgarian politician, journalist, revolutionary, and poet who served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Prime Minister and regent. He is considered one of the most important and popular "Founders of Modern Bulgaria", and is sometimes referred to as "the Bulgarian Otto von Bismarck, Bismarck". In 1875 and 1876 he took part in the preparation for the Stara Zagora uprising, as well as the April Uprising of 1876, April Uprising. Stambolov was, after Stanko Todorov, Boyko Borisov and Todor Zhivkov, one of the country's longest-serving prime ministers. Criticised for his dictatorial methods, he was among the initiators of economic and cultural progress in Bulgaria during the time of the Balkan Wars. He was killed in the center of Sofia by a plot from the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihailo Obrenović, Prince Of Serbia
Mihailo Obrenović III ( sr-Cyrl, Михаило Обреновић, Mihailo Obrenović; 16 September 1823 – 10 June 1868) was the ruling Principality of Serbia, Prince of Serbia from 1839 to 1842 and again from 1860 to 1868. His first reign ended when he was deposed in 1842, and his second ended when he was assassinated in 1868. He is considered to be a great reformer and the most enlightened ruler of modern Serbia, as one of the European Enlightened absolutism, enlightened absolute monarchs. He succeeded in negotiating a withdrawal of Ottoman troops from Serbian soil, while retaining certain Serbian ties to Constantinople. He advocated the idea of a Balkan federation against the Ottoman Empire. Early life Mihailo was the son of Miloš Obrenović, Miloš Obrenović, Prince of Serbia (1780–1860) and his wife, Ljubica Vukomanović, Ljubica, Princess of Serbia (1788–1843, Vienna). He was born in Kragujevac, the second surviving son of the couple. In 1823, he became the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Serbian Uprising
The Second Serbian Uprising ( / ''Drugi srpski ustanak'', ) was the second phase of the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the re-annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire in 1813. The occupation was enforced following the defeat of the First Serbian Uprising (1804–1813), during which Serbia existed as a '' de facto'' independent state for over a decade. The second revolution ultimately resulted in Serbian semi-independence from the Ottoman Empire. The Principality of Serbia was established, governed by its own parliament, constitution and royal dynasty. ''De jure'' independence, however, was attained in 1878, following the decisions of the Congress of Berlin. Background The First Serbian Uprising liberated the country for a significant time (1804–1813) from the Ottoman Empire; for the first time in three centuries, Serbs governed themselves without the supremacy of the Ottoman Empire or Habsburg Austria. After the failure of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Revolution
The Serbian Revolution ( / ') was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Sanjak of Smederevo, Ottoman province into a Revolutionary Serbia, rebel territory, a Constitution of Serbia, constitutional monarchy, and modern Serbia. In 1804, the Ottoman Janissary decided to execute all prominent nobles throughout Central Serbia, a move known as the Slaughter of the Knezes. The heads of the murdered Serbian nobles were put on public display in the central square to serve as an example to those who might plot against Ottoman rule. The event triggered the start of the Serbian Revolution aimed at putting an end to the 370 years of Ottoman occupation. The first part of the period, from 1804 to 1817, was marked by a violent struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire with two armed uprisings taking place, ending with a ceasefire. The later period (1817–1835) witnessed a peaceful cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasil Levski 2nd
Vasil ( Bulgarian and Macedonian: Васил, Georgian: ვასილ) is a Bulgarian, Macedonian and Georgian masculine given name. It may refer to: * Vasil Adzhalarski, Bulgarian revolutionary, an IMARO leader of revolutionary bands * Vasil Amashukeli (1886–1977), early Georgian film director & cinematographer in Azerbaijan and Georgia * Vasil Angelov (1882–1953), Bulgarian military officer and a revolutionary, a worker of IMARO * Vasil Aprilov (1789–1847), Bulgarian educator * Vasil Barnovi (1856–1934), Georgian writer popular for his historical novels * Vasil Biľak (1917–2014), former Slovak Communist leader of Rusyn origin * Vasil Binev (born 1957), Bulgarian actor * Vasil Boev (born 1988), Bulgarian footballer * Vasil Bollano, the ethnic Greek mayor of Himara municipality, in southwest Albania * Vasil Bozhikov (born 1988), Bulgarian football defender *Vasil Bykaŭ (1924–2003), prolific Belarusian author of novels and novellas about World War II * Vasil Chekala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devshirme
Devshirme (, usually translated as "child levy" or "blood tax", , .) was the Ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects and raising them in the religion of Islam. Those coming from the Balkans came primarily from noble Balkan families and rayah classes. It is first mentioned in written records in 1438, but probably started earlier. It created a faction of soldiers and officials loyal to the Sultan. It counterbalanced the Turkish nobility, who sometimes opposed the Sultan. The system produced a considerable number of grand viziers from the 15th century to the 17th century. This was the second most powerful position in the Ottoman Empire, after the sultan. Initially, the grand viziers were exclusively of Turk origin, but after there were troubles between Sultan Mehmed II and the Turkish grand vizier Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger, who was the first grand vizier to be executed, there was a ris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resava School
Resava School ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Ресавска школа, Resavska škola, separator=" / "), was founded in 1407 by Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević. Based on his endowment, the Manasija Monastery, it was called ''Bašta znanja'' ( sr-Cyrl, Башта знања) or the bastion of knowledge for learning, transcribing, translating and illuminating manuscripts in the Serbian Despotate. One of the main supporters of the Resava School was Constantine the Philosopher ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Константин Филозоф, Konstantin Filozof, separator=" / ", label=none), also known as Constantine of Kostenets. The canon of this school was followed in monasteries of Hilandar, Patriarchate of Peć, Visoki Dečani and Ljubostinja, and its influences were present in Russia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Romania. Monastery of Manasija, also called Resava, had a library of more than 20,000 books. See also * Gabriel the Hilandarian * Gregory Tsamblak Gregory Tsamblak (; ; ; sr-Cyr, Гри� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine Of Kostenets
Constantine of Kostenets (; – after 1431), also known as Constantine the Philosopher ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Константин Филозоф, Konstantin Filozof, separator=" / "), was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and chronicler, who spent most of his life in the Serbian Despotate. He is best known for his biography of Serbian despot Stefan Lazarević, which George Ostrogorsky described as "the most important historical work of old Serbian literature",Ostrogorsky, ''History of the Byzantine State'', translated by Joan Hussey, revised edition, (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1969), p. 471 and for writing the first Serbian philological study, ''Skazanije o pismeneh'' (A History on the Letters). He followed the writing style of the Old Serbian ''vita'', first made popular in the Serbian scriptoria of the 12th century. Biography Constantine was born in Bulgaria, probably in Kostenets. In his youth, he attended school in the capital Veliko Tarnovo, and was taught b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Lazarević
Stefan Lazarević ( sr-Cyrl, Стефан Лазаревић, 1377 – 19 July 1427), also known as Stefan the Tall (), was a Serbian ruler as prince (1389–1402) and Despot (court title), despot (1402–1427). He was also a diplomat, legislator, ktetor, patron of the arts, poet and one of the founding members of the Order of the Dragon. The son of Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović, he was regarded as one of the finest knights and military leaders of his time. After the death of his father Battle of Kosovo, at Kosovo (1389), he became ruler of Moravian Serbia and ruled with his mother Princess Milica of Serbia, Milica (a Nemanjić dynasty, Nemanjić), until he reached adulthood in 1393. Stefan led troops in several battles as an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman vassal, until asserting independence after receiving the title of ''despot'' from the Byzantine Empire, Byzantines in 1402. Becoming a Hungarian ally in 1403–04, he received large possessions, including the important Belgrade and Gol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
