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Brazilian Constitution Of 1937
The Brazilian Constitution of 1937 ( Portuguese: ''Constituição Brasileira de 1937''), promulgated by President Getúlio Vargas on November 10, 1937, was Brazil's fourth constitution and the third of the republican period. It was instituted on the same day as the installation of the Estado Novo, Vargas' dictatorial regime, and aimed to legitimize his powers. The text was inspired by the authoritarian structure of the April Constitution of Poland, which was extremely centralizing and granted unlimited powers to the President. It was drafted by the jurist Francisco Campos, Minister of Justice, and obtained the prior approval of Vargas and General Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Minister of War. The 1937 Constitution satisfied the interests of political groups who wanted a strong government that would benefit the dominant parties and consolidate the rule of those on Vargas' side. Its structure was strongly centralized, with the President of the Republic responsible for appointing the stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Francisco Campos (jurist)
Francisco Luiz da Silva Campos (18 November 18911 November 1968) was a Brazilian jurist, educator, legal scholar, politician, cabinet minister, supporter of Getúlio Vargas, and justice minister under Vargas's authoritarian Estado Novo government. Campos is best known as the author of the 1937 Constitution of Brazil. Early life and family The son of magistrate Jacinto Álvares da Silva Campos and Azejúlia de Sousa e Silva, Francisco Luiz da Silva Campos was born on 18 November 1891 in the town of Dores do Indaiá, Minas Gerais. Campos descended from Joaquina do Pompéu on his paternal side. Several prominent figures and families involved in Minas Gerais' politics in the 1930s were part of her lineage. He was married and had two children. Political career State deputy (1919–1921) Francisco Campos began his political career in 1919 after being included by Raul Soares, then Minas Gerais' Secretary of the Interior, in the Republican Party of Minas Gerais' (PRM) list o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Communist International
The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International, was a political international which existed from 1919 to 1943 and advocated world communism. Emerging from the collapse of the Second International during World War I, the Comintern was founded in March 1919 at a congress in Moscow convened by Vladimir Lenin and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (RCP), which aimed to create a new international body committed to revolutionary socialism and the overthrow of capitalism worldwide. Initially, the Comintern operated with the expectation of imminent proletarian revolutions in Europe, particularly Germany, which were seen as crucial for the survival and success of the Russian Revolution. Its early years were characterized by attempts to foment and coordinate revolutionary uprisings and the establishment of disciplined communist parties across the globe, often demanding strict adherence to the "Twe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sanation
Sanation (, ) was a Polish political movement that emerged in the interwar period, prior to Józef Piłsudski's May 1926 ''Coup d'État'', and gained influence following the coup. In 1928, its political activists went on to form the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (''BBWR''). The Sanation movement took its name from Piłsudski's goal of a moral " sanation" (healing) of the Polish body politic. The movement functioned cohesively until Piłsudski's death in 1935. Following his death, Sanation fragmented into several factions, including "the Castle" (President Ignacy Mościcki and his supporters)."''Sanacja''," ''Encyklopedia Polski'', p. 601. Sanation, which supported authoritarian rule, was led by a circle of Piłsudski's close associates, including Walery Sławek, Aleksander Prystor, Kazimierz Świtalski, Janusz Jędrzejewicz, Adam Koc, Józef Beck, Tadeusz Hołówko, Bogusław Miedziński, and Edward Śmigły-Rydz. It emphasized the primacy of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Getúlio Vargas, Governor Of RS
Getúlio may refer to: * Getulio Agostini (1943-1990), Venezuelan botanist * Getulio Alviani (1939-2018), Italian painter * Getúlio Côrtes (born 1938), Brazilian singer * Getúlio (footballer, 1947-2008), Getúlio Pedro da Cruz, Brazilian football goalkeeper * Getúlio (footballer, born 1954), Getúlio Costa de Oliveira, Brazilian football right-back * Getulio Delphim (born 1938), Brazilian comic artist * Getúlio Fredo (born 1954), Brazilian football manager * Getúlio Júnior (born 1983), Brazilian footballer * Getulio Napeñas (born 1959), Filipino politician * Getúlio Pedro da Cruz (1947-2008), Brazilian footballer * Getulio Vaca (born 1984), Bolivian footballer * Getúlio Vargas (1882-1954), President of Brazil * Getúlio (footballer, born 1997), Getúlio Wandelly Silva Timoteo, Brazilian football forward Places * Getúlio Vargas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazilian municipality * Presidente Getúlio, Brazilian municipality Others * Fundação Getulio Vargas, Brazilian think tank * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pedro Aurélio De Góis Monteiro
Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro (12 December 1889 – 16 October 1956) was a Brazilian army general and politician, noted as one of the architects of the Cohen Plan and of the subsequent 1937 Brazilian coup d'état. Biography Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro was born in São Luís do Quitunde, Alagoas. The son of Pedro Aureliano Monteiro dos Santos and Constança Cavalcanti de Góis Monteiro. Coming from a family with military tradition, he began his career at the Porto Alegre War School and reached the rank of army general. Over the years he adopted a loyalist stance when fighting the Copacabana Fort revolt, ''tenentism'' and the Prestes Column during the 1920s. The outbreak of the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 led him to exercise military command of it, contributing to its success. From 1 June 1931 to 25 April 1932, he commanded the 2nd Military Region, based in São Paulo. He also commanded the 1st Military Region, in Rio de Janeiro, between 24 May and 9 July 1932. He th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Béla Kun
Béla Kun (, born Béla Kohn; 20 February 1886 – 29 August 1938) was a Hungarian communist revolutionary and politician who in 1919 governed the Hungarian Soviet Republic. After attending Franz Joseph University at Kolozsvár (today Cluj-Napoca, Romania), Kun had worked as a journalist until World War I. He served in the Austro-Hungarian Army, was captured by the Imperial Russian Army in 1916, and was sent to a prisoner-of-war camp in the Ural Mountains. In Russia Kun embraced communist ideas, and in 1918 in Moscow he co-founded a Hungarian arm of the Russian Communist Party. He befriended Vladimir Lenin and fought for the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In November 1918 Kun returned to Hungary with Soviet support and set up the Party of Communists in Hungary. Adopting Lenin's tactics, he agitated against the government of Mihály Károlyi and achieved great popularity despite being imprisoned. After his release in March 1919, Kun led a successful coup d'état, fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
1964 Brazilian Coup D'état
The 1964 Brazilian coup d'état () was the overthrow of Brazilian president João Goulart by a military coup from March 31 to April 1, 1964, ending the Fourth Brazilian Republic (1946–1964) and initiating the Military dictatorship in Brazil, Brazilian military dictatorship (1964–1985). The coup took the form of a military rebellion, the declaration of 1964 vacancy in the Presidency of Brazil, vacancy in the presidency by the National Congress of Brazil, National Congress on April 2, the formation of a military junta (the Supreme Command of the Revolution) and the exile of the president on April 4. In his place, Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli, Ranieri Mazzilli, the President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil), president of the Chamber of Deputies, took over until the 1964 Brazilian presidential election, election by Congress of general Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, one of the leaders of the coup. Democratically 1960 Brazilian presidential election, elected vice president in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Olímpio Mourão Filho
Olímpio Mourão Filho (9 May 1900 – 28 May 1972) was a Brazilian military officer known as the author of the Cohen Plan, a forged document used to justify the Estado Novo coup in 1937, and, as head of the 4th Military Region/Infantry Division, as the precipitator of the 1964 coup d'état that installed the military dictatorship in Brazil. He reached the rank of army general and ended his career presiding over the Superior Military Court (STM) from 1967 to 1969. As head of the secret service of the Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB), under orders from Plínio Salgado, he wrote the script for a seizure of power by the communists. In the hands of the government, the text was disclosed and falsely attributed to the Communist International as a real insurrection plan, thus justifying the adoption of dictatorial powers by Getúlio Vargas. Accusations of having served to implement the Estado Novo harmed his career and created lasting distrust among other officers, even though ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet Union, it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by area, extending across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and sharing Geography of the Soviet Union#Borders and neighbors, borders with twelve countries, and the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country. An overall successor to the Russian Empire, it was nominally organized as a federal union of Republics of the Soviet Union, national republics, the largest and most populous of which was the Russian SFSR. In practice, Government of the Soviet Union, its government and Economy of the Soviet Union, economy were Soviet-type economic planning, highly centralized. As a one-party state go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Cohen Plan
The Cohen Plan () was a document forged by the Brazilian military with the aim of establishing the Estado Novo dictatorship in November 1937. A conjunction between antisemitism and anti-communism in Brazilian politics, it was fraudulently attributed to the Communist International, which allegedly planned to overthrow the government through strikes, the burning of public buildings and popular demonstrations that would end in looting, chaos, and the murder of authorities. To introduce the fraud, it was "discovered" by the Armed Forces, immediately used to label the political opposition as communists, and then to legitimize the 1937 coup d'état. With the approach of the presidential elections scheduled for 1938, the absence of a candidate that pleased the government and with the impossibility of extending his term, president Getúlio Vargas and general Eurico Gaspar Dutra began to plan a coup d'état; the coup would only work if it appeared to be a matter of national necessity. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
National Security Law (Brazil)
The National Security Law was a Brazilian law that sought to guarantee the national security of the State against the subversion of law and order. It was revoked in 2021 by Law No. 14,197, though its provisions pertaining national security and the defense of the democratic rule of law, including crimes against national sovereignty — attacks on the nation's sovereignty, national integrity and espionage — became part of the Brazilian Penal Code. History Since the Empire of Brazil there has been legislation on national security. This has been updated over time and the National Security Law (LSN), or Law No. 7,170 of 14 December 1983, defined crimes against national security, political and social order, also establishing its trial procedure and judgment. The law became more frequently used in 2020. Attorney General Augusto Aras stated in April 2021 that he would not investigate president Jair Bolsonaro for the use of the National Security Law against critics and opponents, unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte
Natal (), literally ''Christmas'' or ''natal'' ("birth") is the capital and largest city of the States of Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern Brazil. According to Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, IBGE's 2022 estimate, the city had a total population of 751,300, making it the 24th largest city in the country. Natal is a major tourist destination and an exporting hub of crustaceans, carnauba wax, sugarcane, sugarcane products and fruits, mostly melon, watermelon, and papaya. Natal is Brazil's closest city to Africa and Europe, its Greater Natal International Airport connects the city with many Brazilian destinations and also operates some international flights. The city was one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. History The Brazilian coast has long been home to indigenous peoples, generally members of the Tupian languages, Tupi language family. While written records do not exist, archeological evi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
