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Boxfish
Ostraciidae or Ostraciontidae is a family of squared, Actinopterygii, bony fish belonging to the order Tetraodontiformes, closely related to the pufferfishes and filefishes. Fish in the family are known variously as boxfishes, cofferfishes, cowfishes and trunkfishes. It contains about 23 extant species in 6 extant genera. Taxonomy Ostraciidae was first proposed as a family in 1810 by the French polymath Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. In the past this grouping was regarded as a subfamily, the Ostraciinae, along with the subfamily Aracaninae, of a wider Ostraciidae. However, recent Phylogenetics, phylogenetic studies have concluded that the families Aracanidae and Ostraciidae are valid families but that they are part of the same clade, the suborder Ostracioidei. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this clade as the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology Ostraciidae takes its name from its type genus, ''Ostracion'', a name which means " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow Boxfish
The yellow boxfish (''Ostracion cubicum'') is a species of Marine life, marine Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish belonging to the Family (biology), family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. This species is found in reefs throughout the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well as the southeastern Atlantic Ocean, although since 2011 it has also been occasionally recorded in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea which it likely entered via the Suez Canal. The species is present in the aquarium trade. They are known for their cuboid body shape, bright yellow and black spotted coloration, and the secretion of a toxic mucus when threatened. Taxonomy The yellow boxfish was first formally Species description, described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' published in 1758 with its Type locality (biology), type locality given as India. The classification of O. ''cubicum'' was at first debated. Carl Linnaeus used both the names O. ''cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostracion Cubicus
The yellow boxfish (''Ostracion cubicum'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. This species is found in reefs throughout the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well as the southeastern Atlantic Ocean, although since 2011 it has also been occasionally recorded in the Levantine waters of the Mediterranean Sea which it likely entered via the Suez Canal. The species is present in the aquarium trade. They are known for their cuboid body shape, bright yellow and black spotted coloration, and the secretion of a toxic mucus when threatened. Taxonomy The yellow boxfish was first formally described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'' published in 1758 with its type locality given as India. The classification of O. ''cubicum'' was at first debated. Carl Linnaeus used both the names O. ''cubicum'' and O. ''tuberculatum'' in order to describe the yellow boxfish. Because of the scarcity of comprehensive descrip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pahutoxin
Pahutoxin, formerly called ostracitoxin, is a neurotoxin present in the mucous secretions of boxfish ( Ostraciidae) skin, while under stress. It is an ichthyotoxic, hemolytic, nonpeptide (which is relatively unusual, although similar to tetrodotoxin in this way) toxin. It is heat-stable and non- dialyzable, that is, foamed in aqueous solutions, and is toxic to various biological systems. It is unique among known fish poisons. It is toxic to other boxfish as well and looks like red tide and sea cucumber Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class (biology), class Holothuroidea ( ). They are benthic marine animals found on the sea floor worldwide, and the number of known holothuroid species worldwide is about 1,786, with the greatest number be ... toxins in general properties. Although it is not recommended, it is a growing trend to keep boxfish in a home aquarium. Members of the family Ostraciidae secrete an ichthyotoxic mucus from their skin when stressed or disturbed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactophrys Trigonus
''Lactophrys trigonus'', the buffalo trunkfish or trunkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. The buffalo trunkfish is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Taxonomy ''Lactophrys trigonus'' was first formally described as ''Ostracion trigonus'' in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae with its type locality given as the Western Atlantic. In 1839 William Swainson proposed a new subgenus of '' Ostracion'' he called '' Lactophrys'' and in 1865 Pieter Bleeker designated this species, ''O. trigonus'' as the type species of ''Lactophrys''. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies the genus ''Lactophrys'' within the family Ostraciidae in the suborder Ostracioidea within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology ''Lactophrys trigonus'' is a member of the genus ''Lactophrys'', a name which is a compound of ''lactaria'', meaning a "milkcow", and ''ophrys'', meaning "eyebrow", a reference to the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactophrys
''Lactophrys'' is a genus of Marine life, marine Actinopterygii, ray-finned fishes belonging to the Family (biology), family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. The boxfishes in this genus are found in the western Atlantic Ocean and are known as trunkfishes. Taxonomy ''Lactophrys'' was first proposed in 1839 as a subgenus of ''Tetrosomus'' by the British zoologist William Swainson. In 1865 Pieter Bleeker designated ''Ostracion trigonus'' as the type species of this taxon. ''O. trigonus'' has been first formally Species description, described by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae published in 1758, the Type locality (biology), type locality was mistakenly given as India when it is actually the Western Atlantic. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies this genus within the family Ostraciidae in the suborder Ostracioidea within the Order (biology), order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology ''Lactophrys'' is a compound of ''lactaria'', meaning a "milkcow", and ''oph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surfactants
Surfactants are chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid. The word ''surfactant'' is a blend of "surface-active agent", coined in 1950. As they consist of a water-repellent and a water-attracting part, they enable water and oil to mix; they can form foam and facilitate the detachment of dirt. Surfactants are among the most widespread and commercially important chemicals. Private households as well as many industries use them in large quantities as detergents and cleaning agents, but also for example as emulsifiers, wetting agents, foaming agents, antistatic additives, or dispersants. Surfactants occur naturally in traditional plant-based detergents, e.g. horse chestnuts or soap nuts; they can also be found in the secretions of some caterpillars. Today one of the most commonly used anionic surfactants, linear alkylbenzene sulfates (LAS), are produced from petroleum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cape Cod
Cape Cod is a peninsula extending into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern corner of Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. Its historic, maritime character and ample beaches attract heavy tourism during the summer months. The name Cape Cod, coined in 1602 by Bartholomew Gosnold, is the ninth-oldest English place-name in the U.S. As defined by the Cape Cod Commission's enabling legislation, Cape Cod is coextensive with Barnstable County, Massachusetts. It extends from Provincetown, Massachusetts, Provincetown in the northeast to Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Woods Hole in the southwest, and is bordered by Plymouth, Massachusetts, Plymouth to the northwest. The Cape is divided into fifteen New England town, towns, several of which are in turn made up of multiple named villages. Cape Cod forms the southern boundary of the Gulf of Maine, which extends north-eastward to Nova Scotia. Since 1914, most of Cape Cod has been separated from the mainland by the Cape Cod Cana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida
Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Straits of Florida to the south, and The Bahamas to the southeast. About two-thirds of Florida occupies a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. It has the List of U.S. states by coastline, longest coastline in the contiguous United States, spanning approximately , not including its many barrier islands. It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of over 23 million, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by population, third-most populous state in the United States and ranks List of states and territories of the United States by population density, seventh in population density as of 2020. Florida spans , ranking List of U.S. states ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east. At in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), the Pacific Ocean is the largest division of the World Ocean and the hydrosphere and covers approximately 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of the planet's total surface area, larger than its entire land area ().Pacific Ocean . ''Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica Concise.'' 2008: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The centers of both the Land and water hemispheres, water hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere, as well as the Pole of inaccessi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica, depending on the definition in use. The Indian Ocean has large marginal or regional seas, including the Andaman Sea, the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Laccadive Sea. Geologically, the Indian Ocean is the youngest of the oceans, and it has distinct features such as narrow continental shelf, continental shelves. Its average depth is 3,741 m. It is the warmest ocean, with a significant impact on global climate due to its interaction with the atmosphere. Its waters are affected by the Indian Ocean Walker circulation, resulting in unique oceanic currents and upwelling patterns. The Indian Ocean is ecologically diverse, with important ecosystems such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the Age of Discovery, it was known for separating the New World of the Americas (North America and South America) from the Old World of Afro-Eurasia (Africa, Asia, and Europe). Through its separation of Afro-Eurasia from the Americas, the Atlantic Ocean has played a central role in the development of human society, globalization, and the histories of many nations. While the Norse colonization of North America, Norse were the first known humans to cross the Atlantic, it was the expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1492 that proved to be the most consequential. Columbus's expedition ushered in an Age of Discovery, age of exploration and colonization of the Americas by European powers, most notably Portuguese Empire, Portugal, Spanish Empire, Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scrawled Cowfish
The scrawled cowfish (''Acanthostracion quadricornis'') is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Ostraciidae, the boxfishes. This species is found in the Western Atlantic Ocean. Taxonomy The scrawled cowfish was first formally described as ''Ostracion quadricornis'' by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, published in 1758. Linnaeus erroneously gave the type locality of this species as "India". In 1865 Pieter Bleeker proposed a new subgenus of '' Ostracion'' which he called '' Acanthostracion''. Bleeker did not designate a type species when he first used the name in his paper, but he designated ''Ostracion quadricornis'' as the type species later that year when he published his ''Atlas ichthyologique des Indes Orientalis Neerlandais''. The 5th edition of ''Fishes of the World'' classifies the genus ''Acanthostracion'' within the family Ostraciidae, in the suborder Ostracioidea, within the order Tetraodontiformes. Etymology The scrawled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
