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Bond Market Index
A bond index or bond market index is a method of measuring the investment performance and characteristics of the bond market. There are numerous indices of differing construction that are designed to measure the aggregate bond market and its various sectors (government, municipal, corporate, etc.) A bond index is computed from the change in market prices and, in the case of a total return index, the interest payments, associated with selected bonds over a specified period of time. Bond indices are used by investors and portfolio managers as a benchmark against which to measure the performance of actively managed bond portfolios, which attempt to outperform the index, and passively managed bond portfolios, that are designed to match the performance of the index. Bond indices are also used in determining the compensation of those who manage bond portfolios on a performance-fee basis. An index is a mathematical construct, so it may not be invested in directly. But many mutual fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F078969-0007, Frankfurt-Main, Börse
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (, lit. "Federal Archive") are the national archives of Germany. They were established at the current location in Koblenz in 1952. They are subordinated to the Federal Commissioner for Culture and the Media (Claudia Roth since 2021) under the German Chancellery, and before 1998, to the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), Federal Ministry of the Interior. On 6 December 2008, the Archives donated 100,000 photos to the public, by making them accessible via Wikimedia Commons. History The federal archive for institutions and authorities in Germany, the first precursor to the present-day Federal Archives, was established in Potsdam, Brandenburg in 1919, a later date than in other European countries. This national archive documented German government dating from the founding of the North German Confederation in 1867. It also included material from the older German Confederation and the Imperial Chamber Court. The oldest docum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leveraged Loan
In finance, leverage, also known as gearing, is any technique involving borrowing funds to buy an investment. Financial leverage is named after a lever in physics, which amplifies a small input force into a greater output force. Financial leverage uses borrowed money to augment the available capital, thus increasing the funds available for (perhaps risky) investment. If successful this may generate large amounts of profit. However, if unsuccessful, there is a risk of not being able to pay back the borrowed money. Normally, a lender will set a limit on how much risk it is prepared to take, and will set a limit on how much leverage it will permit. It would often require the acquired asset to be provided as collateral security for the loan. Leverage can arise in a number of situations. Securities like options and futures are effectively leveraged bets between parties where the principal is implicitly borrowed and lent at interest rates of very short treasury bills.Mock, E. J., R. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBoxx
iBoxx is a financial services division of IHS Markit that designs, calculates and distributes fixed income indices. iBoxx is overseen by IHS Markit Benchmark Administration Limited (IMBA UK), which is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority and is an authorized benchmark administrator under the UK Benchmarks Regulation (UK BMR). IMBA UK's benchmark administration activities have been conducted in compliance with the IOSCO Principles for Benchmarks (IOSCO Principles) since 2014. The iBoxx bond market indices are transparent, rules-based fixed income indices that are primarily used by passive and active professional investors as well as investment banks. iBoxx offers broad benchmarks used to evaluate investment performance and to conduct research, as well as liquid indices used as an underlying for tradable products, such as ETFs and Total Return Swaps (TRS). The iBoxx product portfolio is global and is supported by multi-source pricing and IHS Markit's proprietary Evaluated Bond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Investing
An index fund (also index tracker) is a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) designed to follow certain preset rules so that it can replicate the performance of a specified basket of underlying investments. The main advantage of index funds for investors is they do not require much time to managethe investors will not need to spend time analyzing various stocks or stock portfolios. Most investors also find it difficult to beat the performance of the S&P 500 index; indeed passively managed funds, such as index funds, consistently outperform actively managed funds. Thus investors, academicians, and authors such as Warren Buffett, John C. Bogle, Jack Brennan, Paul Samuelson, Burton Malkiel, David Swensen, Benjamin Graham, Gene Fama, William J. Bernstein, and Andrew Tobias have long been strong proponents of index funds. * * * * * * * Siegel, J.J. (2019). Climbing Mount Everest: Paul Samuelson on Financial Theory and Practice. In: Cord, R., Anderson, R., Barnett, W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Fund
An index fund (also index tracker) is a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund (ETF) designed to follow certain preset rules so that it can replicate the performance of a specified basket of underlying investments. The main advantage of index funds for investors is they do not require much time to managethe investors will not need to spend time analyzing various stocks or stock portfolios. Most investors also find it difficult to beat the performance of the S&P 500 index; indeed passively managed funds, such as index funds, consistently outperform actively managed funds. Thus investors, academicians, and authors such as Warren Buffett, John C. Bogle, Jack Brennan, Paul Samuelson, Burton Malkiel, David Swensen, Benjamin Graham, Gene Fama, William J. Bernstein, and Andrew Tobias have long been strong proponents of index funds. * * * * * * * Siegel, J.J. (2019). Climbing Mount Everest: Paul Samuelson on Financial Theory and Practice. In: Cord, R., Anderson, R., Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index (economics)
In economics, statistics, and finance, an index is a number that measures how a group of related data points—like prices, company performance, productivity, or employment—changes over time to track different aspects of economic health from various sources. Consumer-focused indices include the Consumer Price Index (CPI), which shows how retail prices for goods and services shift in a fixed area, aiding adjustments to salaries, Bond (finance), bond interest rates, and tax thresholds for inflation. The cost-of-living index (COLI) compares living expenses over time or across places.Turvey, Ralph. (2004) Consumer Price Index Manual: Theory And Practice.' Page 11. Publisher: International Labour Organization. . ''The Economist''’s Big Mac Index uses a Big Mac’s cost to explore currency values and purchasing power. Market performance indices track trends like company value or employment. Stock market index, Stock market indices include the Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P 500, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stock Market Index
In finance, a stock index, or stock market index, is an Index (economics), index that measures the performance of a stock market, or of a subset of a stock market. It helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance. Two of the primary criteria of an index are that it is ''investable'' and ''transparent'': The methods of its construction are specified. Investors may be able to invest in a stock market index by buying an index fund, which is structured as either a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund, and "track" an index. The difference between an index fund's performance and the index, if any, is called ''tracking error''. Types of indices by coverage Stock market indices may be classified and segmented by the set of underlying stocks included in the index, sometimes referred to as the "coverage". The underlying stocks are typically grouped together based on their underlying economics or underlying investor demand that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Bond Market Indices
Global * (Bank of America) Merrill Lynch Global Bond Index * Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Bond Index * Citi World Broad Investment-Grade Bond Index (WorldBIG) Countries Switzerland * Swiss Bond Index Government bonds * Bloomberg Barclays US Treasury Index * Barclays Inflation-Linked Euro Government Bond Index * Citi World Government Bond Index (WGBI) * FTSE UK Gilts Index Series * J.P. Morgan Government Bond Index Most traded government bonds {, class="wikitable sortable" , - ! , Country ! , Issuer ! , Bond Type ! , Currency , - , Australia , Office of Financial Management , Treasury Indexed Bonds (TIBs) , AUD ($) , - , Canada , Bank of Canada , Marketable Bonds , CAD ($) , - , China , Ministry of Finance , People's Bank of China (PBC) Bonds , CNY (¥) , - , France , Agence France Tresor (French Treasury) , Obligation Assimilable du Tresor (OAT) , EUR (€) , - , Germany , Finanzagentur (German Finance Agency) , Bundesanleihen , EUR (€) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bond Fund
A bond fund or debt fund is a fund that invests in bonds, or other debt securities. Bond funds can be contrasted with stock funds and money funds. Bond funds typically pay periodic dividends that include interest payments on the fund's underlying securities plus periodic realized capital appreciation. Bond funds typically pay higher dividends than CDs and money market accounts. Most bond funds pay out dividends more frequently than individual bonds.CNN Money 101 - Types of Bonds Types Bond Funds can be classified by their primary underlying assets: *Government: Government bonds are considered safest, since a government can always "print more money" to pay its debt. In the United States, these are[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bond Duration
In finance, the duration of a financial asset that consists of fixed cash flows, such as a Bond (finance), bond, is the weighted average of the times until those fixed cash flows are received. When the price of an asset is considered as a function of Yield (finance), yield, duration also measures the price sensitivity to yield, the rate of change of price with respect to yield, or the percentage change in price for a parallel shift in yields. The dual use of the word "duration", as both the weighted average time until repayment and as the percentage change in price, often causes confusion. Strictly speaking, Macaulay duration is the name given to the weighted average time until cash flows are received and is measured in years. Modified duration is the name given to the price sensitivity. It is (-1) times the rate of change in the price of a bond as a function of the change in its yield. Both measures are termed "duration" and have the same (or close to the same) numerical value, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convexity (finance)
In mathematical finance, convexity refers to non-linearities in a financial model. In other words, if the price of an underlying variable changes, the price of an output does not change linearly, but depends on the second derivative (or, loosely speaking, higher-order terms) of the modeling function. Geometrically, the model is no longer flat but curved, and the degree of curvature is called the convexity. Terminology Strictly speaking, convexity refers to the second derivative of output price with respect to an input price. In derivative pricing, this is referred to as Gamma (Γ), one of the Greeks. In practice the most significant of these is bond convexity, the second derivative of bond price with respect to interest rates. As the second derivative is the first non-linear term, and thus often the most significant, "convexity" is also used loosely to refer to non-linearities generally, including higher-order terms. Refining a model to account for non-linearities is referred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bond Duration
In finance, the duration of a financial asset that consists of fixed cash flows, such as a Bond (finance), bond, is the weighted average of the times until those fixed cash flows are received. When the price of an asset is considered as a function of Yield (finance), yield, duration also measures the price sensitivity to yield, the rate of change of price with respect to yield, or the percentage change in price for a parallel shift in yields. The dual use of the word "duration", as both the weighted average time until repayment and as the percentage change in price, often causes confusion. Strictly speaking, Macaulay duration is the name given to the weighted average time until cash flows are received and is measured in years. Modified duration is the name given to the price sensitivity. It is (-1) times the rate of change in the price of a bond as a function of the change in its yield. Both measures are termed "duration" and have the same (or close to the same) numerical value, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
