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Blue Riband
The Blue Riband () is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest Velocity, average speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until after 1910. The record is based on average speed rather than passage time because ships follow different routes. Also, eastbound and westbound speed records are reckoned separately, as the more difficult westbound record voyage, against the Gulf Stream and the prevailing weather systems, typically results in lower average speeds.Kludas states that only westbound records counted for the Blue Riband, though this contradicts the other main sources on the subject (e.g. Lee, Gibbs, Bonsor, and contemporary news sources) which are clear that records in both directions qualified for the accolade. Of the 35 Atlantic liners to hold the Blue Riband, 25 were British, followed by five German, three American, and one each from Italy and France. Thirte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (CGT, and commonly named "Transat"), typically known overseas as the French Line, was a French shipping company. Established in 1855 by the brothers Émile and Issac Péreire under the name ''Compagnie Générale Maritime'', the company was entrusted by the French government to transport mails to North America. In 1861, the name of the company was changed to ''Compagnie Générale Transatlantique''. The company's first ship, SS ''Washington'', had its maiden voyage on 15 June 1864. After a period of trials and errors in the late 19th century, the company, under the direction of its presidents Jules Charles-Roux and John Dal Piaz, gained fame in the 1910s and 1930s with its famous ocean liners such as , , and especially . Weakened by World War II, the company regained its fame in 1962 with the famous , but the ship suffered major competition from air transport and was retired from service in 1974. In 1977, the company merged with the Comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Savannah
SS ''Savannah'' was an American hybrid sailing ship/sidewheel steamer built in 1818. She was the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, transiting mainly under sail power from May to June 1819. In spite of this historic voyage, the great space taken up by her large engine and its fuel at the expense of cargo, and the public's anxiety over embracing her revolutionary steam power, kept ''Savannah'' from being a commercial success as a steamship. Originally laid down as a sailing packet, she was, following a severe and unrelated reversal of the financial fortunes of her owners, converted back into a sailing ship shortly after returning from Europe. ''Savannah'' was wrecked off Long Island, New York in 1821. No other American-owned steamship would cross the Atlantic for almost thirty years after ''Savannah'''s pioneering voyage. Two British sidewheel steamships, Brunel's SS ''Great Western'' and Menzies' SS ''Sirius'', raced to New York in 1838, both voyages being made und ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Great Western
SS ''Great Western'' was a wooden-hulled paddle-wheel steamship with four masts, the first steamship purpose-built for crossing the Atlantic, and the initial unit of the Great Western Steamship Company. Completed in 1838, she was the largest passenger ship in the world from 1837 to 1839, the year the went into service. Designed by British civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, ''Great Western'' proved satisfactory in service and was the model for all successful wooden Atlantic paddle-steamers. She was capable of making record Blue Riband voyages as late as 1843. ''Great Western'' worked to New York for eight years until her owners went out of business. She was sold to the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company and was scrapped in 1856 after serving as a troopship during the Crimean War. Development and design In 1836, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, his friend Thomas Guppy and a group of Bristol investors formed the Great Western Steamship Company to build a line of steamships for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Sirius (1837)
SS ''Sirius'' was a wooden- hulled sidewheel steamship built in 1836 by Robert Menzies & Sons of Leith, Scotland for the London-Cork route operated by the Saint George Steam Packet Company. The next year, she opened transatlantic steam passenger service when she was chartered for two voyages by the British and American Steam Navigation Company. By arriving in New York a day ahead of the ''Great Western'', she is usually listed as the first holder of the Blue Riband, although the term was not used until decades later. Description ''Sirius'' was long from stem to stern and a depth of hold of . She had a beam of and a draught of . The ship had a capacity of 412 tons burthen and a gross register tonnage of 703 tons.Sheppard, pp. 86, 91 The ship had a two-cylinder steam engine built by Wingate & Co. driving two paddlewheels. Her boilers provided steam to the engine at a working pressure of about . The engine produced a total of and the ship had a maximum speed of . Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newfoundland (island)
Newfoundland ( , ; , ) is a large island within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is situated off the eastern coast of the Northern America, North American mainland and the geographical region of Labrador. The island contains 29 percent of the province's land area, but is home to over 90% of the province's population, with about 60% of the province's population located on the small southeastern Avalon peninsula. The island is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by the Cabot Strait. It blocks the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, creating the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the world's largest estuary. Newfoundland's nearest neighbour is the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. With an area of , Newfoundland is the List of islands by area, world's 16th-largest island, List of Canadian islands by area, Canada's fourth-largest island, and the largest Canadian island outside Northern Can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bristol
Bristol () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, the most populous city in the region. Built around the River Avon, Bristol, River Avon, it is bordered by the ceremonial counties of Gloucestershire to the north and Somerset to the south. The county is in the West of England combined authority area, which includes the Greater Bristol area (List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, eleventh most populous urban area in the United Kingdom) and nearby places such as Bath, Somerset, Bath. Bristol is the second largest city in Southern England, after the capital London. Iron Age hillforts and Roman villas were built near the confluence of the rivers River Frome, Bristol, Frome and Avon. Bristol received a royal charter in 1155 and was historic counties of England, historically divided between Gloucestershire and Somerset until 1373 when it became a county corporate. From the 13th to the 18th centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew (1497 Ship)
''Matthew'' was a caravel sailed by John Cabot in 1497 from Bristol to Newfoundland, North America. There are two modern replicas – one in Bristol, England (built 1994–1996) and one in Bonavista, Newfoundland (built 1997–1998). Cabot's original voyages The captain of the ''Matthew'' was an Italian explorer named Giovanni Caboto who is better known as John Cabot. After a voyage which had got no further than Iceland, Cabot left again with only one vessel, the ''Matthew'', a small ship (50 tons), but fast and able. The crew consisted of only 18 men. The ''Matthew'' departed 2 May 1497. He sailed to Dursey Head (latitude 51°36N), Ireland, from where he sailed due west, expecting to reach Asia. However, landfall was reached in North America on 24 June 1497. His precise landing place is a matter of much controversy, with Cape Bonavista or St. John's in Newfoundland the most likely sites. There is a statue of John Cabot located on the Cape of Bonavista, Newfoundland in hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Cabot
John Cabot ( ; 1450 – 1499) was an Italians, Italian navigator and exploration, explorer. His 1497 voyage to the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England, Henry VII, King of England is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments declared Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland (island), Newfoundland as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed. Name and origins Cabot is known today as Giovanni Caboto in Italian, Zuan Caboto in Venetian language, Venetian, Jean Cabot in French, and John Cabot in English. This resulted from a once-ubiquitous European tradition of nativizing names in local documents, something often adhered to by the actual persons themselves. (Many European names have root origins but diverged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Crossings Of The Atlantic Ocean
This is a list of notable crossings or attempted crossings of the Atlantic Ocean. For the purposes of this list, a transatlantic voyage goes between the Americas, Caribbean, or nearby islands; and Europe, Iceland, Africa, or nearby islands. Sail and human-powered voyages Pre-1492 Maritime explorations by Norse peoples from Scandinavia during the late 10th century led to the Norse colonization of Greenland and a base camp L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, which preceded Columbus's arrival in the Americas by about 500 years. According to the Vinland sagas, this includes journeys by: * Unnamed Norse explorers to Greenland * Erik the Red to Greenland * Bjarni Herjólfsson to Newfoundland, Labrador, and Baffin Island * Leif Erikson to Newfoundland (Vinland) * Spouses Thorfinn Karlsefni and Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir led an expedition to Vinland where they begat their son Snorri Thorfinnsson, the first European born in the Americas outside of Greenland. Other pre-Columbian trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hales Trophy
The Hales Trophy, officially the North Atlantic Blue Riband Challenge Trophy is an award for the fastest Atlantic crossing by a commercial passenger vessel. The award was created in 1935 when Harold K. Hales, a British politician and owner of Hales Brothers shipping company, donated the trophy to be a permanent, tangible expression of the Blue Riband, the unofficial accolade then given for this feat. Hales also wished to formalize the rules regarding the contest, which up to then had no official form, though they were, by tradition, widely recognized. The rules for the Hales Trophy were different from the traditional rules for the Blue Riband, and changed several times. For example, the Hales Trophy was originally only awarded for westbound records.Kludas p17 The trophy was awarded to just three Blue Riband holders during the express liner era; to the Italian liner '' Rex'' in 1935, the French '' Normandie'' in 1936, and the American ''United States'' in 1952. Cunard's '' Queen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Hales
Harold Keates Hales (22 April 1868 – 7 November 1942) was a British shipping magnate, politician and founder of the Hales Trophy for the Blue Riband award for the ship with the record for the fastest transatlantic crossing. Known for his eccentricity, he was the inspiration for the title character of Arnold Bennett's ''The Card''. He was the sole proprietor of Hales Brothers, an export and import shipping line. Early life and education He was born in Manchester in 1868, to Lewis George Hales, a draper, and Sarah Elizabeth Keates. Hales was educated in Manchester and Burslem, where his schoolmate was Arnold Bennett. Bennett later admitted that Hales was the inspiration for the title character in ''The Card''. Career Hales worked in the pottery and china business in the Stoke-on-Trent area, founding "Hales Brothers", an export and import shipping line, of which he was the sole proprietor. He first owned a car in 1897, and later bragged that he had never blown his horn, and tried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
