|
Bituminous Geomembranes (BGMs)
Bituminous geomembrane (BGM) is a type of geomembrane consisting of a reinforcing geotextile to provide mechanical strength and elastomeric bitumen (often called asphalt in American English, U.S.) to provide impermeability. Other components such as sand, a glass fleece, and/or a polyester film can be incorporated into the layers of a BGM. Bituminous geomembranes are differentiated from bituminous waterproofing materials used in buildings due in part to their wide roll width, which can exceed 5m, and their substantial thickness of up to 6.0mm. These properties are designed for environmental protection, civil infrastructure, and mining applications. Properties History The earliest estimated use of bitumen dates back 40,000 years to the Paleolithic age and bitumen#History, the historical use of bitumen as a waterproofing layer is extensive and well documented. In 1926, successful experiments were conducted by the South Carolina Highway Department in which cotton fabric wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1 - Copy
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number, Numeral (linguistics), numeral, and glyph. It is the first and smallest Positive number, positive integer of the infinite sequence of natural numbers. This fundamental property has led to its unique uses in other fields, ranging from science to sports, where it commonly denotes the first, leading, or top thing in a group. 1 is the unit (measurement), unit of counting or measurement, a determiner for singular nouns, and a gender-neutral pronoun. Historically, the representation of 1 evolved from ancient Sumerian and Babylonian symbols to the modern Arabic numeral. In mathematics, 1 is the multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number. In Digital electronics, digital technology, 1 represents the "on" state in binary code, the foundation of computing. Philosophically, 1 symbolizes the ultimate reality or source of existence in various traditions. In math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypropylene
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer Propene, propylene. Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is Crystallization of polymers#Degree of crystallinity, partially crystalline and Chemical polarity#Nonpolar molecules, non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat-resistant. It is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance. Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced Commodity plastics, commodity plastic (after polyethylene). History Phillips Petroleum chemists J. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks (chemist), Robert Banks first demonstrated the polymerization of propylene in 1951. The stereoselective polymerization to the isotactic was discovered by Giulio Natta and Karl Rehn in March 1954. This pioneering discovery led to large-scale commercial producti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pench River
The Pench River is an Indian tributary of the Kanhan River. It originates in the Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh and flows across Pench National Park, which is a reserve for the Tiger Project of India. The two big dams of the Pench River supply water to the city of Nagpur and to the big thermal power plant located there. Machagora Pench dam supplies water to Seoni district and Chhindwara district for agriculture through irrigation canels. Pench National Park The river separates Pench National Park into two halves, east and west Pench. The Pench Tiger Reserve derives its name after the Pench River, which flows from north to south across the reserve. The reserve is situated on the south of the Satpura Hill Ranges in the Seoni District and Chhindwara District in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. The topography is undulating, with most of the area enclosed by small hill ranges and abrupt slopes on all the sides. The Pench river flowing through the centre of the Reserve is u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolores Mine
Dolores mine is an open pit silver and gold mine in the Mexican state of Chihuaua. It is owned by the Canadian company Pan-American Silver (PAS). The mine began production in 2008 and was expected to produce over $3 billion in profits. in 2010 the mine was expected to produce 80,000 ounces of gold and 4,000,000 ounces of silver per year for 17 years. The mine has generated an environmental conflict, and local communities have fought for better environmental protection and larger shares of the profits from the mine. The conflict is exacerbated by militarisation associated with the Mexican drug war. Arsenic leeching from the mine has contaminated local water supplies, and hundreds of families have been displaced. Background The mine was originally developed by the Canadian company Minefinders. In 2006, farmers from the Huizopa ejido signed a contract with Minefinders, giving the company access to their land for 16 years. The ejido received 39 million pesos ($3.7 million). I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Las Bambas Copper Mine
Las Bambas copper mine is an open-pit copper mine in the Cotabambas province of Peru. With over a billion tons of copper ore, the deposit is one of the largest in the world and produces 2% of global copper. Las Bambas also produces molybdenum concentrates. Development began on the mine in August 2015 and production began in early 2016. The mine has resulted in multiple environmental conflicts between 2015 and 2022. About 15,000 people protested the mine during the early phases of construction, resulting in clashes with police who shot and killed four local people. There were continued protests in 2021-2022, when protestors blockaded the mine and complained that they received few benefits from the mine. Minerals and Metals Group acquired Las Bambas copper project from Glencore Xstrata plc. for US$5.85 billion. White & Case, advised the consortium comprised by Minerals and Metals Group (62.5%), a wholly owned subsidiary of Guoxin International Investment Co. Ltd (22.5%) and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kittilä Mine
Kittilä mine, also known as Suurikuusikko mine, is a gold gold mining, mine in Kittilä, in the Lapland (Finland), Lapland County of Finland. The mining, mine is owned and operated by Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited and is located north-east of Kittilä. It is the largest gold mine in Europe. Exploration began in 1986, and production started in 2008. The mine is composed of two open-pit mining, open pits, with the proceeds of the operation funding an underground mining (hard rock), underground mining operation, accessed by a ramp from surface and utilizing both transverse and longitudinal Stoping (mining method), long-hole stoping methods. The mine utilizes on-site mineral processing, concentrating to produce Doré bars for shipment off-site for refinement, and produced of gold in 2009. History In 1986 gold was discovered near the town of Kittilä. The Geological survey, Geological Survey of Finland initiated exploration which resulted in a discovery of Mineralization (geology), go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diavik Diamond Mine
The Diavik Diamond Mine is a diamond mine in the North Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada, about northeast of Yellowknife. Description Diavik Diamond Mine is an industrial complex set in a remote, subarctic landscape. It consists of four kimberlite pipes associated with the Lac de Gras kimberlite field and is located on an island in Lac de Gras informally known as East Island. It is about south of the Arctic Circle. In the 2015 satellite image below, one can see the two main open pits, waste rock pile, and an airstrip capable of landing aircraft as large as Boeing 737s and C130 Hercules. The complex also houses processing, power and boiler plants, fuel tanks, water and sewage processing facilities, maintenance shop, administrative buildings, and accommodations for workers. It is connected to points south by an ice road and Diavik Airport with a gravel runway regularly accommodating Boeing 737s. Commercial importance The mine is owned by a joint ventu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M7 Motorway (Ireland)
The M7 motorway () is a motorway in Ireland. The motorway runs continuously from the outskirts of Naas in County Kildare to Rossbrien on the outskirts of Limerick city. The M7 forms part of the Dublin to Limerick N7 national primary road. The section of the motorway bypassing Naas, an 8 km stretch, was the first section of motorway to open in Ireland, in 1983. Following substantial works to extend the M7 to Limerick, by the end of 2010, the motorway replaced all of the old single-carriageway N7 route which is now designated as R445. At 166.5 km, the M7 is the longest motorway in Ireland. Route Naas to Limerick The N7 leads directly into the M7 motorway at the Maudlin's Interchange near Naas (junction 9 on the N7-M7 corridor), and proceeds southwestwards, bypassing Naas, Newbridge, Kildare, Monasterevin, Ballybrittas, Portlaoise, Mountrath, Borris-in-Ossory, Roscrea, Moneygall, Toomevara, Nenagh and Annacotty. As of December 2010, the M7 is approximately 186 km i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galaube Lake
The Galaube Lake is a reservoir on the Rougeanne River (also known as "l'Alzeau"), located between the Tarn ( Arfons) and Aude (Lacombe) regions in Occitanie, France. Description The idea of constructing a dam on the Rougeanne River dates back to the 18th century with the aim of improving the water supply for the Canal du Midi. Pierre-Paul Riquet, the designer of the canal, had envisioned building a water reservoir to better supply water to his creation through the Alzeau intake. However, it wasn't until 1985, during severe water shortages, that the project was considered. The construction was declared of public utility and general interest by decree on June 24, 1998. The La Galaube Dam itself was built from 1999 to 2001 at an altitude of 720m by the "Institution interdépartementale pour l'aménagement hydraulique de la Montagne Noire" (IIAHMN), established in 1948 among the departments of Aude, Haute Garonne, and Tarn. With a cost of 100 million francs, it supplies drinkin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ortolo Reservoir
The Ortolo Reservoir () is a reservoir in the Corse-du-Sud department of France on the island of Corsica. Location The Ortolo reservoir is formed by a dam (''Barrage de l'Ortolo'') that impounds the Ortolo river. Other affluents are the Ruisseau de Latagu and the Ruisseau de Caraglia. The southwest end and the dam are in the commune of Sartène, while the bulk of the reservoir is in the commune of Levie. The reservoir is to the north of the Punta d'Ovace. File:Lac de l'Ortolo.jpg, The reservoir from the north shore. Cagna mountain in the background Dam The dam is owned by the ''Collectivité Territoriale de Corse'' and operated by the ''Office d’Equipement Hydraulique de Corse''. It is made of riprap. The dam is sealed by a thick asphalt-impregnated geomembrane, known as a bituminous geomembrane. It is faced with concrete slabs thick, reinforced with polypropylene fibers. There is a needled nonwoven polypropylene geotextile between the geomembrane and the slabs. The con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manche Storage Centre
The Centre de stockage de la Manche (CSM)(Manche storage centre) is the oldest French radioactive waste storage centre. It is located in the commune of La Hague, bordering on the La Hague site. The CSM was created in 1969 and then received nuclear waste until it reached saturation in 1994. According to Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs (ANDRA)'s inventory, the waste stored includes approximately 1,469,265 packages, corresponding to 527,225 m³, mainly from nuclear power generation (nuclear power plants and facilities corresponding to nuclear fuel cycle front end and back end). Hurd's Deep, used in the 1950s and 1960s for the Ocean disposal of radioactive waste, dumping of low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes, is located in the vicinity. History In 1967, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) created Infratome, a private company which was a subsidiary of the :fr:Mines de potasse d'Alsace. Afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
