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Bitterant
A bitterant (or bittering agent) is a chemical that is added to a product to make it olfaction, smell or taste Taste#Bitterness, bitter. Bitterants are commonly used as aversive agents to discourage the inhalation or ingestion of toxic substances. Examples of use *The addition of a bitterant to ethanol Denatured alcohol, denatures the product. *Bitterants are used in antifreeze to prevent pet and child poisonings. It is required by law in some places (France, Oregon, etc.). *Gas dusters often use a bitterant to discourage inhalant abuse, although this can cause problems for legitimate users. The bitterant not only leaves a bitter flavor in the air, but also leaves a bitter residue on objects, like screens and keyboards, that may transfer to hands and cause problems (such as when eating). *Nintendo game card#Nintendo Switch, Game cartridges for the Nintendo Switch are coated with denatonium as a safety feature to deter small children from Pica (disorder), ingesting them. *Some but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nintendo Game Card
A Nintendo Game Card is a physical flash memory, flash storage card produced by Nintendo that contain video game software for the Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS line of handheld game consoles as well as the Nintendo Switch and Nintendo Switch 2 line of hybrid game consoles. They are the successor to the ROM cartridge-based Game Boy Game Paks used in Nintendo's previous handheld game consoles. Nintendo DS Nintendo DS Game Card Game cards for the Nintendo DS range from 64 megabits to 4 gigabits (8–512 megabyte, MB) in capacity. The cards contain an integrated flash memory for game data and an EEPROM to save user data such as game progress or high scores. However, there are a small number of games that have no save memory such as ''Electroplankton''. It has been mentioned that larger 128 MB cards have a 25% slower data transfer rate than the smaller, more common 64 MB cards; however, the specific base rate is unknown. Nintendo DSi Game Card Many Nintendo DS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sucrose Octaacetate
Sucrose octaacetate is a chemical compound with formula or , an eight-fold ester of sucrose and acetic acid. Its molecule can be described as that of sucrose with its eight hydroxyl groups – replaced by acetate groups –. It is a crystalline solid, colorless and odorless but intensely bitter. Sucrose octaacetate is used as an inert ingredient in pesticides and herbicides, as a bitter additive. History The preparation of sucrose octaacetate was first described in 1865 by P. Schutzenberger, but its purification and characterization were first published by A. Herzfeld in 1887. Preparation The compound can be prepared by the exothermic reaction of sucrose with acetic anhydride at about 145 °C, with sodium acetate as catalyst. The product can be purified by dissolution in ethanol and recrystallization. Properties Structure The structure of the crystallized form was determined by J. D. Oliver and L. C. Strickland in 1984, using X-ray diffraction. The crystal system is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Button Cell
A button cell, watch battery, or coin battery is a small battery made of a single electrochemical cell and shaped as a squat cylinder typically in diameter and high – resembling a button. Stainless steel usually forms the bottom body and positive terminal of the cell; insulated from it, the metallic top cap forms the negative terminal. Button cells are used to power small portable electronics devices such as wrist watches, pocket calculators, and remote key fobs. Wider variants are usually called coin cells. Devices using button cells are usually designed around a cell giving a long service life, typically well over a year in continuous use in a wristwatch. Most button cells have low self-discharge, holding their charge for a long time if not used. Button cells are usually disposable primary cells, but some are rechargeable secondary cells. Common chemistries include zinc, lithium, manganese dioxide, and silver oxide. Mercuric oxide button cells were former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inhalant Abuse
Inhalants are a broad range of household and industrial chemicals whose volatile vapors or pressurized gases can be concentrated and breathed in via the nose or mouth to produce intoxication, in a manner not intended by the manufacturer. They are inhaled at room temperature through volatilization (in the case of gasoline or acetone) or from a pressurized container (e.g., nitrous oxide or butane), and do not include drugs that are sniffed after burning or heating. While a few inhalants are prescribed by medical professionals and used for medical purposes, as in the case of inhaled anesthetics and nitrous oxide (an anxiolytic and pain relief agent prescribed by dentists), this article focuses on inhalant use of household and industrial propellants, glues, fuels, and other products in a manner not intended by the manufacturer, to produce intoxication or other psychoactive effects. These products are used as recreational drugs for their intoxicating effect. According to a 1995 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denatonium
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharinate (BITTERANT-s), is the bitterest chemical compound known, with bitterness thresholds of 0.05 ppm for the benzoate and 0.01 ppm for the saccharinate. It was discovered in 1958 during research on local anesthetics by T. & H. Smith of Edinburgh, Scotland, and registered under the trademark Bitrex. Dilutions of as little as 10 ppm are unbearably bitter to most people. Denatonium salts are usually colorless and odorless solids, but are often traded as solutions. They are used as aversive agents (bitterants) to prevent inappropriate ingestion. Denatonium is used in denatured alcohol, antifreeze, preventive nail biting preparations, respirator mask fit-testing, animal repellents, liquid soaps, shampoos, and Nintendo Switch game cards to prevent accidental swallowing or choking by children. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nintendo Switch
The is a video game console developed by Nintendo and released worldwide in most regions on March 3, 2017. Released in the middle of the Eighth generation of video game consoles, eighth generation of home consoles, the Switch succeeded the Wii U and competed with Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony's PlayStation 4 and Microsoft's Xbox One; it also competes with the Ninth generation of video game consoles, ninth generation consoles, the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X and Series S, Xbox Series X/S. The Switch is a Tablet computer#Gaming tablet, tablet that can either be docking station, docked for home video game console, home console use or used as a handheld game console, portable device, making it a Video game console#Hybrid video game consoles, hybrid console. Its wireless Joy-Con controllers function as two halves of a standard controller and alternatively as individual controllers, featuring buttons, directional analog sticks for user input, motion sensing, and tactile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gas Duster
A gas duster, also known as compressed air or canned air, is a product used for cleaning or dusting electronic equipment and other sensitive devices that cannot be cleaned using Water#Washing, water. This type of product is most often packaged as a can that, when a trigger is pressed, blasts a stream of compressed gas through a nozzle at the top. Despite the names "canned air" or "compressed air", the cans do not actually contain air (i.e. do not contain Oxygen, O2 or Nitrogen, N2 gases) but rather contain other gases that are compressible into liquids. True liquid air is not practical, as it cannot be stored in metal spray cans due to extreme pressure and temperature requirements. Common duster gases include hydrocarbon alkanes, like butane, propane, and isobutane, and hydrofluorocarbons like 1,1-Difluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, or tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane which are used because of their lower flammability. W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethanol
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is an Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with its formula also written as , or EtOH, where Et is the pseudoelement symbol for ethyl group, ethyl. Ethanol is a Volatility (chemistry), volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like odor and pungent taste. As a psychoactive depressant, it is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages, and the second most consumed drug globally behind caffeine. Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation process of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes such as ethylene hydration. Historically it was used as a general anesthetic, and has modern medical applications as an antiseptic, disinfectant, solvent for some medications, and antidote for methanol poisoning and ethylene glycol poisoning. It is used as a chemical solvent and in the Chemical synthesis, synthesis of orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aversive Agent
Aversive agents are unpleasantly flavored substances added to poisonous household goods to discourage children and animals from consuming them. Aversive agents are not intended to be harmful, only unpleasant. For example, to prevent children from consuming poisonous anti-freeze, which has a sweet flavor due to the ethylene glycol, an aversive agent is added, which gives the anti-freeze an unpleasant taste. There are two primary classes of aversive agents: bitterants, chemicals producing a bitter flavor, and pungent agents, chemicals producing an unpleasantly pungent flavor. See also * Denaturation (food) *Adulterant *Denatonium Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under trade names such as Denatrol, BITTERANT-b, BITTER+PLUS, Bitrex, Bitrix, and Aversion) and as denatonium saccharinate (BITTERANT-s), is the bitterest chemical compound known, with bittern ... References {{reflist Food additives ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taste
The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste. Taste is the perception stimulated when a substance in the mouth biochemistry, reacts chemically with taste receptor cells located on taste buds in the oral cavity, mostly on the tongue. Taste, along with olfaction, the sense of smell and trigeminal nerve stimulation (registering texture, pain, and temperature), determines Flavoring, flavors of food and other substances. Humans have taste receptors on taste buds and other areas, including the upper surface of the tongue and the epiglottis. The gustatory cortex is responsible for the perception of taste. The tongue is covered with thousands of small bumps called lingual papillae, papillae, which are visible to the naked eye. Within each papilla are hundreds of taste buds. The exceptions to this is the filiform papillae that do not contain taste buds. There are between 2000 and 5000Boron, W.F., E.L. Boulpaep. 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
