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Bhaiband
Bhaiband, ( (Perso-Arabic); (Devanagari) भाईबंद;) meaning “brotherhood”, are a Hindu jāti within the Sindhi caste of India and Pakistan. History The Sindh region was ruled by various Muslim dynasties from 711 until the conquest by the British in 1843, when it became a part of Bombay Presidency. During that period, Hindus were a significant minority of the population although accurate figures continued to be unavailable until after 1947. Mark-Anthony Falzon notes that, "Due to the shifting criteria of categorisation and the complex politics of census in general, the decennial colonial censuses of pre-independence Sindh must be read with caution." Of these Hindus, most were broadly designated as members of the Lohana caste, with the exceptions being those considered to be Bhatias or Brahmins. Although some now considered to be Vaishya in the Hindu ritual ranking system known as varna, the Lohanas trace their origin as members of the Lohana varna from Raghuvanshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amils
The Amils () are a Sindhi Hindu sub-group of Lohana. The word "Amil" has its origin in the Persian word ''"amal"'' (as "administer"). Amils used to work in Administration in Government services. Amils and Bhaibands were the communities that were one of the earliest to take up English education during British colonial rule. They were, along with the Parsis, the closest to the British and were regularly sent to Britain in order to seal business deals on behalf of the East India Company. Amils in Sindh Amongst Sindhi Hindus, socially this clan ranks first in the hierarchical ranking among followed by Bhaiband. The Amils held the highest administrative offices under Muslim rulers, beginning in the mid-eighteenth century. They speak Sindhi. In 1938, Amils were primarily bankers, clerks, and minor officials. Amils are by no means the wealthiest in the Sindhi community but are highly educated professionals, often to this day. Written historical accounts of the Amils in Sindh are ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lohana
Lohana are a Hindu ''jāti, caste'', a trading or mercantile community mostly residing in India and some also in Pakistan. The Lohanas are divided into many separate cultural groups as a result of centuries apart in different regions. Thus there are significant differences between the culture, language, professions and societies of Gujarati people, Gujarati Lohanas and Kutchi people, Kutchi Lohanas from Gujarat, India and Sindhi people, Sindhi Lohanas from Sindh, Pakistan (the latter having largely migrated to India as well). Origin The Lohanas belong to Vaishya caste, traditionally merchants in Hindu caste system, although they claim that they are of Kshatriya origin. According to André Wink, at least in the Muslim sources, Lohanas appear to be subdivisions of the Jats or to be put on a par with the Jats of Brahmin dynasty of Sindh, Chacha's Sind. According to David Cheesman, the Lohana who immigrated from Punjab to Sindh in the distant past, may have been descended from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sahiti (Lohana)
Sahiti or Sahta sometimes Sahitiaja are sub-group/caste of Lohana community, Sahitis (also known as ''Sahitas'' or ''Sayta'') and, together with the Amils and Bhaiband, form one of the three major groups of Lohana caste of Sindh. Sahitis are mostly in occupied in supplying dry fruit, general foodstuff and textiles. Sindhi Hindus Sindhi Hindus are ethnic Sindhis who practice Hinduism and are native to the Sindh region of the Indian subcontinent. They are spread across modern-day Sindh, Pakistan and India. After the partition of India in 1947, many Sindhi Hindus were am ... are mainly divided into Amils, Bhaibands, Hyderabadi Bhaiband ( Sindhi Varki), Sahitiaja, Shikarpuri, Hatvaniya, Thattai, Bhagnari etc. References {{reflist Lohana Sindhi people Sindhi tribes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyderabad, Sindh
Hyderabad, also known as Neroonkot, is the capital and largest city of the Hyderabad Division in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the List of cities in Sindh by population, second-largest city in Sindh, after Karachi, and the List of cities in Pakistan by population, 7th largest in Pakistan. Founded in 1768 by Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro of the Kalhora Dynasty, Hyderabad served as a provincial capital until the British transferred the capital to Bombay presidency, Bombay Presidency in 1840. It is about inland of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, to which it is connected by a direct railway and M-9 motorway (Pakistan), M-9 motorway. Toponymy The city was named in honour of Ali, the Rashidun Caliphate, fourth caliph and cousin of Muhammad. Hyderabad's name translates literally as "Lion City"—from ''haydar'', meaning "lion", and ''-abad, ābād'', which is a suffix indicating a settlement. "Lion" references Ali's valour in battle. The city was historically known as Neroo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khudabad
Khudabad (, ) is a city in Dadu District, Sindh, Pakistan. It served as capital of the Kalhora dynasty between 1719 and 1768, when the capital was shifted to Hyderabad. Geography It is located at 26°39'0N 67°45'0E with an altitude of 31 metres (104 feet) and lies to the south of the district capital Dadu. Demography The population of Khudabad is 75,000. The ethnic groups are Sindhis and Balochis. The population is predominantly Muslim with a small Hindu minority. History Beginning with the conquest of Sindh by Muhammad bin Qasim and Habbari dynasty, and later under the influence of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empires which ruled the region, Sindh became predominantly Muslim due to missionary activity of Sufi saints who converted Hindus en masse to Islam. There are a large number of dargah shrines which dot the landscape of Sindh. Around 1710 AD Yar Muhammad Kalhoro along with his army, captured Khudabad from the Panhwar. Around 1718 or 1719, Mian Yar Muhammad d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khudabadi Script
Khudabadi, also known as Khudawadi, Hathvanki or Warangi, is a script used to write the Sindhi language, sometimes used by some Sindhis even in present-day Pakistan. The script originates from Khudabad, a city in Sindh, and is named after it. Khudabadi is one of the four scripts used for writing Sindhi, the others being Perso-Arabic, Khojki and Devanagari script. It was used by Sindhi Workies (traders and merchants) to record their information and rose to importance as the script began to be used to record information kept secret from other non-Sindhi groups. History The Khudabadi script has roots in the Brahmi script, like those of most Indian, Tibetan, and Southeast Asian languages. It appears different from other Indic scripts such as Bengali, Odia, Gurmukhi or Devanagari, but a closer examination reveals they are similar except for angles and structure.George Cardona and Danesh Jain (2003), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, , pages 72-74 The Khudabadi script was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jagir
A jagir (), ( Hindustani: जागीर/جاگیر, ''Jāgīr''), ( Marathi: जहागीर, ''Jahāgīrá'') also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in the Indian subcontinent at the foundation of its Jagirdar ( Zamindar) system. It developed during the Islamic era of the Indian subcontinent, starting in the early 13th century, wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state. 13th-century origin and successors This feudal system of land ownership is referred to as the ''jagirdar'' system. The system was introduced by the Sultans of Delhi from the 13th century onwards, was later adopted by the Mughal Empire, the Maratha Empire and continued under the British East India Company. Some Hindu jagirdars were converted into Muslim vassal states under Mughal imperial sway, such as the nawabs of Kurnool. Most princely states of India during the colonial British Raj era were jagirdars such as Mohrampur Jagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zamindaar
A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an autonomous or semi-autonomous feudal lord of a ''zamindari'' (feudal estate). The term itself came into use during the Mughal Empire, when Persian was the official language; ''zamindar'' is the Persian for ''landowner''. During the British Raj, the British began using it as a local synonym for "estate". Zamindars as a class were equivalent to lords and barons; in some cases, they were independent sovereign princes. Similarly, their holdings were typically hereditary and came with the right to collect taxes on behalf of imperial courts or for military purposes. During the Mughal Empire, as well as the British rule, zamindars were the land-owning nobility of the Indian subcontinent and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs. Most of the big zamindars belonged to the Hindu high-caste, usually Brahmin, Rajput, Bhumihar, or Kayastha. During the colonial era, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tando Adam Khan
Tando Adam (; ) is a city in Sindh, Pakistan. Formerly part of Nawabshah district (now Shaheed Benazir Abad District) until 1955, it later became a part of Sanghar District. The word "Tando" means "outpost" in Sindhi language and Tando Adam, founded by Mir Adam Khan Marri, is now the 57th most populous city in Pakistan. The town is renowned for its industries and agriculture production, with key crops including sugarcane, wheat, cotton, bananas, and mangoes. According to the 2017 census, it is the most populous city in Sanghar District, with a population of 152,025. Many new housing scheme are being developed on the outskirts of the city. Overview Tando Adam has number of ancient sites, including mosques and Hindu temples. The shrine of the poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai is located from Tando Adam. Now Tando Adam has a medical college namely Suleman Roshan medical College' at Hyderabad Road near Suleman Roshan Hospital and also has a water park at green city near Hyderabad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nawabshah
Nawabshah is a headquarter of Nawabshah Tehsil in Shaheed Benazirabad District of Sindh province, Pakistan. This city is situated in the middle of Sindh province. It is the List of most populous cities in Pakistan, 27th most populous city in Pakistan. Nawabshah is called the heart of Sindh Province. History 18th–19th century CE Nawabshah lies near the Indus River in central Sindh, long inhabited since the Indus Valley Civilisation, Indus Valley era. Archaeological surveys note prehistoric and Harappan architecture, Harappan remains in the area, and the region later passed under various Muslim dynasties. In particular, the 18th–19th-century Kalhora dynasty, Kalhora and Talpur dynasty, Talpur dynasties left many mosques and tombs with characteristic Sindhi and Islamic architecture. British Raj Under British rule, Nawabshah was carved out of Hyderabad District. Its taluka (subdivision) was established in 1903, and on 1 November 1912, Nawabshah was upgraded to full distric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Raj
The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or direct rule in India. * Quote: "Mill, who was himself employed by the British East India company from the age of seventeen until the British government assumed direct rule over India in 1858." * * The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, which were collectively called ''Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India'', and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British British paramountcy, paramountcy, called the princely states. The region was sometimes called the Indian Empire, though not officially. As ''India'', it was a founding member of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
