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Bełt Battalion
Bełt Battalion was a military unit of the Home Army which operated in the German-occupied Poland in the structures of the Military Service of Uprising's Defense. The battalion was formed from the IV Group WSOP and took an active part in the Warsaw Uprising in Subdistrict of Srodmiescie Poludniowe. Conspiracy The battalion was formed between 1940 and 1941 in the 3rd region of the Srodmiescie district which included Srodmiescie, Powisle, and Stare Miasto (Old town). In the beginning, there was only the 331st company which was later accompanied by the 332nd. An engineers’ unit was added later as well, the battalion counted 180 soldiers. In July 1944 the battalion was a part of the VI Group of the Military Service of Uprising's Defense. The unit took its name from the codename of its commander Erwin Brennesen, “Bolt”. The area of operation included: Jerozolimskie Avenue, streets: Poznanska, Lwowska, Nowowiejska, Sucha, Wawelska, Raszynska. Prior to the uprising, the battali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Organization
Military organization (American English , AE) or military organisation (British English , BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a State (polity), state so as to offer such military capability as a military policy, national defense policy may require. Formal military organization tends to use hierarchical forms (see Military organization#Modern hierarchy , Modern hierarchy for terminology and approximate troop strength per hierarchical unit). In some countries, paramilitary forces are included in a nation's armed forces, though not considered military. Armed forces that are not a part of military or paramilitary organizations, such as Insurgency, insurgent forces, often emulate military organizations, or use these structures. History The use of formalized Military rank, ranks in a hierarchical structure came into widespread use with the Roman Army. The Roman Army was organized into Roman legion, legions, each comprising around 5000 soldiers and led by a Legate (anc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Home Army
The Home Army (, ; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II. The Home Army was formed in February 1942 from the earlier Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Armed Resistance) established in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasions in September 1939. Over the next two years, the Home Army absorbed most of the other Polish partisans and underground forces. Its allegiance was to the Polish government-in-exile in London, and it constituted the armed wing of what came to be known as the Polish Underground State. Estimates of the Home Army's 1944 strength range between 200,000 and 600,000. The latter number made the Home Army not only Poland's largest underground resistance movement but, along with Soviet and Yugoslav partisans, one of Europe's largest World War II underground movements. The Home Army sabotaged German transports bound for the Eastern Front in the Soviet Union, destroying German supplies and tying down subs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalitarianism, totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party began to eliminate political opposition and consolidate power. A 1934 German referendum confirmed Hitler as sole ''Führer'' (leader). Power was centralised in Hitler's person, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battalion
A battalion is a military unit, typically consisting of up to one thousand soldiers. A battalion is commanded by a lieutenant colonel and subdivided into several Company (military unit), companies, each typically commanded by a Major (rank), major or a Captain (armed forces), captain. The typical battalion is built from three operational companies, one weapons company and one headquarters company. In some countries, battalions are exclusively infantry, while in others battalions are unit-level organizations. The word ''battalion'' has its origins in the Late Latin word ''battalion'', which is derived from ''battalia'', meaning "battle" or "combat." The term was used to describe a large group of soldiers ready for battle. Over time, its meaning evolved in military terminology. The word "battalion" came into the English language in the 16th century from the French language, French , meaning "battle squadron" (similar to the Italian language, Italian meaning the same thing) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Uprising
The Warsaw Uprising (; ), sometimes referred to as the August Uprising (), or the Battle of Warsaw, was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish underground resistance to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. It occurred in the summer of 1944, and it was led by the Polish resistance Home Army (). The uprising was timed to coincide with the retreat of the German forces from Poland ahead of the Soviet advance. While approaching the eastern suburbs of the city, the Red Army halted combat operations, enabling the Germans to regroup and defeat the Polish resistance and to Planned destruction of Warsaw, destroy the city in retaliation. The Uprising was fought for 63 days with little outside support. It was the single largest military effort taken by any European Resistance during World War II, resistance movement during World War II. The defeat of the uprising and suppression of the Home Army enabled the pro-Soviet Polish administra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Śródmieście, Warsaw
Śródmieście (), also anglicised as Downtown, is the central Districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, district of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. It encompasses the Old Town, Warsaw, Old Town, the city's historic core, and is the centre of cultural, commercial and political life of the capital. Geography Located in the heart of Warsaw, it encompasses an area of approximately . The district is characterized by its diverse landscape, which includes the Vistula, Vistula River to the east, forming its natural border, and the historic Old Town, Warsaw, Old Town at its core. Śródmieście shares borders with four other districts: Żoliborz to the north, Wola to the west, Ochota to the south-west, and Mokotów to the south, making it a vital hub of urban activity in the capital city. Subdivisions Śródmieście is subdivided into nine Districts and neighbourhoods of Warsaw, municipal neighbourhoods, each governed by the Neighborhood council, neighbourhood council. The current ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powiśle, Warsaw
Powiśle (; literally ''along-the-Vistula'') is a neighbourhood in Warsaw's borough of Śródmieście (Downtown). It is located between the Vistula river and its escarpment. Historically, it is composed of three neighbourhoods: central Powiśle, Mariensztat to the north (just below the Warsaw's Old Town) and Solec to the south. In the 17th and 18th centuries the area was mostly inhabited by the poor. Little changed in the 19th century when the neighbourhood became slightly industrialized. It retained the character of a city slum until its almost complete destruction during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. It was inhabited by the unemployed and craftsmen of all types, factory and port workers, smiths, coalers, sand vendors, fishermen and prostitutes. As such it was similar in character to London Docklands. After the war, the area became partially rebuilt and the area of Mariensztat became the first neighbourhood of Warsaw to be reconstructed. Currently there are plans to turn the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Old Town
Warsaw Old Town, also known as Old Town, and historically known as Old Warsaw,''Encyklopedia Warszawy''. Warsaw: Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, 1994, p. 806. ISBN 83-01-08836-2. is a neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, in the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Śródmieście. It is the oldest portion of the city, and contains numerous historic buildings, mostly from 17th and 18th centuries, such as the Royal Castle, city walls, St. John's Cathedral, and the Barbican, the Old Town Market Square and the Warsaw Mermaid Statue. The settlement itself dates back to between the 13th and 14th centuries, and was granted town privileges . During World War II, the Old Town was nearly totally destroyed, and subsequently reconstructed. The project was the world's first attempt to resurrect an entire historic city core and was included on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1980. The reconstruction efforts were again recognized in 2011 when all i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerozolimskie Avenue
Jerusalem Avenue () is one of the principal streets of the capital city of Warsaw in Poland. It runs through the City Centre along the east–west axis, linking the western borough of Wola with the bridge on the Vistula River and the borough of Praga on the other side of the river. History The name of the street comes from a small village erected in 1774 by prince and marshal August Sułkowski for the Jewish settlers in Mazovia. The name of the village was Nowa Jerozolima (''New Jerusalem''), and the road to Warsaw was named ''Aleja Jerozolimska'' (singular, as opposed to the modern Polish name, which is plural). The village was established despite an antisemitic law which forbade Jews from living within a two-mile radius of Old Warsaw. A lawsuit was brought against Sulkowsi and the neighborhood was destroyed on 23 January 1776. The Jewish community was expelled, their houses torn down, and their belongings confiscated. It was there that the first railway station in Warsaw wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marszałkowska Street, Warsaw
Marszałkowska Street ( Polish: ''ulica Marszałkowska''), also known by its English name Marshal Street, is one of the main thoroughfares of Warsaw, Poland, located in the district of Downtown (''Śródmieście''). It runs along the north–south axis, from Bank Square in the north to the Union of Lublin Square in the south. History Contrary to a common urban legend that attributes the name to Marshal of Poland Józef Piłsudski, the street's name actually relates to 18th-century Grand Marshal of the Crown Franciszek Bieliński. Marszałkowska street was established by Franciszek Bieliński and opened in 1757. It was much shorter then, running only from Królewska Street to Widok Street. The street was almost entirely destroyed during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. Rebuilding of Warsaw after World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Crosses Square
Three Crosses Square ( ), also known as Triple Cross Square, is an urban square and a road junction in the central district of Warsaw, Poland. It lies on the Royal Route and links Nowy Świat (New World) Street, to the north, with Ujazdów Avenue to the south. Much of the square's area is devoted to a major thoroughfare. Name The name originated in the 18th century, when two Baroque stone crosses were positioned near the site of what would later become the Church of St. Alexander, with a third cross placed in the hands of Saint John of Nepomuk; the statue depicting Saint John stands to this day. These crosses marked the square as a significant spiritual waypoint, situated at the intersection of major routes leading into the city and along the Stations of the Cross. Over time, the name became a lasting fixture in Warsaw’s urban identity, reflecting both its ecclesiastical roots and its role as a central point of orientation in the expanding capital. History Until the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
