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Bettina, Texas
Bettina is a vanished community founded in 1847 by German immigrants as part of the Adelsverein colonization of the Fisher–Miller Land Grant in the U.S. state of Texas. It was located on the banks of the Llano River in Llano County, and no trace of the settlement remains today. The community was named after German artist and social activist Bettina von Arnim and was one of five attempted by the Darmstadt Forty. It was also known as the ''Darmstaedter Kolonie''. The community was sponsored by the Adelsverein, and founded on idealistic philosophies of European freethinkers of the day. It is notable for the community's camaraderie and mutually respectful relations with local indigenous tribes. Lack of a formal community framework caused Bettina to fail within a year of its founding. History The colony had its beginnings in 1846 in Darmstadt, Giessen, and Heidelberg, where Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels delivered speeches on behalf of the Adelsverein, promoting Texas as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adelsverein
The ''Mainzer Adelsverein at Biebrich am Rhein'' (''Verein zum Schutze Deutscher Einwanderer in Texas''; "Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas"), better known as the ''Mainzer Adelsverein'' (; "Nobility Society of Mainz"), organized on April 20, 1842, was a colonial attempt to establish a new Germany, German settlement within the borders of Texas. History The Adelsverein was organized on April 20, 1842, by 21 German noblemen at Wiesbaden-Biebrich, Biebrich on the Rhine. They gathered at the castle of the German Duke of Nassau, the future Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, who was named Protector of the Society. In Germany, the society was referred to as ''Mainzer Adelsverein'' after the city of Mainz, where it was officially registered. The society represented a significant effort to establish a new Germany on Texas soil through organized mass emigration. The land for the emigrants was to be purchased by the Adelsverein or secured through land grants from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Étienne Cabet
Étienne Cabet (; January 1, 1788 – November 9, 1856) was a philosopher and utopian socialist who founded the Icarian movement. Cabet became the most popular socialist advocate of his day, with a special appeal to artisans who were being undercut by factories. Cabet published '' Voyage en Icarie'' in French in 1839 (and in English in 1840 as ''Travels in Icaria''), in which he proposed replacing capitalist production with workers' cooperatives. Recurrent problems with French officials (a treason conviction in 1834 resulted in five years' exile in England), led him to emigrate to the United States in 1848. Cabet founded utopian communities in Texas and Illinois, but was again undercut, this time by recurring feuds with his followers. Early and family life Cabet was born in Dijon, the youngest son of a cooper from Burgundy, Claude Cabet, and his wife Francoise Berthier. He was educated as a lawyer. Cabet married Delphine Lasage on March 25, 1839 at Marylebone, London, during h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choctaw
The Choctaw ( ) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States, originally based in what is now Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. The Choctaw language is a Western Muskogean language. Today, Choctaw people are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes: the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Jena Band of Choctaw Indians in Louisiana. Choctaw descendants are also members of other tribes. Etymology The Choctaw autonym is Chahta. "Choctaw" is an anglicized spelling. According to anthropologist John R. Swanton, the Choctaw derived their name from an early leader of the Choctaw people. Language The Choctaw language belongs to the Muskogean language family. The Choctaw language was well known among the American frontiersmen of the early 19th century. In 1870, a Christian Missionary and fluent Choctaw speaker Cyrus Byington published a Choctaw Dictionary ''Grammar of the Choctaw Language.'' Revi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kickapoo People
The Kickapoo people (; Kickapoo language, Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi; ) are an Algonquian languages, Algonquian-speaking Native Americans in the United States, Native American tribe and Indigenous people in Mexico, originating in the region south of the Great Lakes. There are three Federally recognized tribe, federally recognized Kickapoo tribes in the United States: the Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas. The Oklahoma and Texas bands are politically associated with each other. The Kickapoo in Kansas came from a relocation from southern Missouri in 1832 as a land exchange from their reserve there. Around 3,000 people are enrolled tribal members. Another band, the Mexican Kickapoo, Tribu Kikapú, resides in Múzquiz Municipality in the northern Mexico, Mexican state of Coahuila, ending up there after disputes between leaders of rival bands in the tribe caused a schism between followers of the "Kickapoo Prophe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lenape
The Lenape (, , ; ), also called the Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands, Indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in the United States and Canada. The Lenape's historical territory included present-day northeastern Delaware, all of New Jersey, the eastern Pennsylvania regions of the Lehigh Valley and Northeastern Pennsylvania, and New York Bay, western Long Island, and the lower Hudson Valley in New York (state), New York state. Today communities are based in Oklahoma, Wisconsin, and Ontario. During the last decades of the 18th century, European settlers and the effects of the American Revolutionary War displaced most Lenape from their homelands and pushed them north and west. In the 1860s, under the Indian removal policy, the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government relocated most Lenape remaining in the Eastern United States to the Indian Territory and surrounding regions. The la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waco Tribe
Waco ( ) is a city in and the county seat of McLennan County, Texas, United States. It is situated along the Brazos River and Interstate 35, I-35, halfway between Dallas and Austin, Texas, Austin. The city had a U.S. census estimated 2024 population of 146,608, making it the List of cities in Texas by population, 24th-most populous city in the state.Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places of 50,000 or More, Ranked by July 1, 2022, Population: April 1, 2020, to July 1, 2023 (SUB-IP-EST2023-ANNRNK) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division Release Date: May 2024 The Waco metropolitan area, Waco metropolitan statistical area consists of McLennan, Falls and Bosque counties, which had a 2020 population of 295,782. Bosque County was added to the Waco MSA in 2023. The 2024 U.S. census population estimate for the Waco metropolitan area was 307,123 residents. History 1824–1865 Indigenous peoples occupied areas along the river for thousands of years. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipan Apache People
Lipan Apache are a band of Apache, a Southern Athabaskan Indigenous people, who have lived in the Southwest and Southern Plains for centuries. At the time of European and African contact, they lived in New Mexico, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, and northern Mexico. Historically, they were the easternmost band of Apache.Swanton, ''The Indian Tribes of North America'', p. 301 The descendants of the Lipan Apache live primarily in Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arizona, and northern Mexico. Some are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes: the Mescalero Apache Tribe in New Mexico,Mescalero Apache Research Report (2020), p. 3. the Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comanche
The Comanche (), or Nʉmʉnʉʉ (, 'the people'), are a Tribe (Native American), Native American tribe from the Great Plains, Southern Plains of the present-day United States. Comanche people today belong to the List of federally recognized tribes in the United States, federally recognized Comanche Nation, headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma. The Comanche language is a Numic languages, Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan languages, Uto-Aztecan family. Originally, it was a Shoshoni language, Shoshoni dialect, but diverged and became a separate language. The Comanche were once part of the Shoshone people of the Great Basin. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Comanche lived in most of present-day northwestern Texas and adjacent areas in eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, and western Oklahoma. Spanish colonists and later Mexicans called their historical territory ''Comancheria, ComancherÃa''. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Comanche practiced a nomadic h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meusebach–Comanche Treaty
The Meusebach–Comanche Treaty was a treaty made on May 9, 1847 between the private citizens of the Fisher–Miller Land Grant in Texas (United States), who were predominantly German in nationality, and the Penateka Comanche Tribe. The treaty was officially recognized by the United States government. In 1936, a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, Marker number 991, was placed in San Saba County to commemorate the signing of the treaty. Background The Fisher-Miller land grant consisted of 3,878,000 acres (ca. 15,700 km²) between the Llano River and Colorado River, in the heart of the Comancheria. These lands constituted part of the hunting grounds of the Penateka Comanche Indians. When Henry Francis Fisher and Burchard Miller sold the grant to the Adelsverein, they were aware of the dangers of settling in Comancheria, but did not inform the Verein. Likewise, the Verein accepted the sale on face value and did not question it. This land was earmarked for the settlement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Braunfels, Texas
New Braunfels ( ) is a city in Comal County, Texas, Comal and Guadalupe County, Texas, Guadalupe counties in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Comal County. The city covers and had a population of 90,403 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 Census. A suburb just north of San Antonio, and part of the Greater San Antonio metropolitan area, it was the third-fastest-growing city in the United States from 2010 to 2020. As of 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates its population at 104,707. New Braunfels is known for its German Texan heritage. History New Braunfels was established in 1845 by Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, Commissioner General of the Mainzer Adelsverein, also known as the Noblemen's Society. Prince Carl named the settlement in honor of his home of Solms-Braunfels, Germany. The Adelsverein organized hundreds of people in Germany to settle in Texas. Immigrants from Germany began arriving at Galveston, Texas, Galveston in July 1844. Most then trav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John O
John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second Epistle of John, often shortened to 2 John * Third Epistle of John, often shortened to 3 John People * John the Baptist (died ), regarded as a prophet and the forerunner of Jesus Christ * John the Apostle (died ), one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ * John the Evangelist, assigned author of the Fourth Gospel, once identified with the Apostle * John of Patmos, also known as John the Divine or John the Revelator, the author of the Book of Revelation, once identified with the Apostle * John the Presbyter, a figure either identified with or distinguished from the Apostle, the Evangelist and John of Patmos Other people with the given name Religious figures * John, father of Andrew the Apostle and Saint Peter * Pope John (d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indianola, Texas
Indianola is a ghost town located on Matagorda Bay in Calhoun County, Texas, United States. The community, once the county seat of Calhoun County, is a part of the Victoria, Texas, Victoria, Texas metropolitan area, Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1875, the city had a population of 5,000, but on September 15 of that year, 1875 Indianola hurricane, a powerful hurricane struck, killing between 150 and 300 and almost destroying the town. Indianola was rebuilt, only to be wiped out on August 19, 1886, by 1886 Indianola hurricane, another intense hurricane followed by a fire. Indianola was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1963, marker number 2642. The site is also home to a statue of René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. Indianola is now the site of a small unincorporated area, unincorporated fishing village. History German immigration port of entry Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, representing the Adelsverein, selected Indian Point in December 1844 as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
