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Berlijn, Suriname
Berlijn (Sranan Tongo: Balen) is a village and former wood plantation in the resort of Zuid in the Para District in Suriname. It is located on the Para Creek, and about from the Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport. Overview On 25 February 1763, Johan Godlieb van Borrius bought 1,000 Surinamese acres (about 430 hectares) of land, and founded the wood plantation Berlijn. The plantation was located near maroon territory, therefore, a military outpost was established in Berlijn. In the late 18th century, Berlijn became the largest supplier of wood in Suriname. In 1821, the plantation was bought by James Balfour who wanted to transport the slaves to his sugar plantation Waterloo. In Paramaribo, the slaves discovered their final destination, revolted, and escaped back to Berlijn. The government ruled that they could remain in Berlijn. In 1863, the slaves were emancipated, and the plantation closed. Many of the freed slaves, remained on the land. In 1912, the Lawa Railway open ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Districts Of Suriname
Suriname is divided into 10 districts ( nl, districten). Overview History The country was first divided up into subdivisions by the Dutch on October 8, 1834, when a Royal Decree declared that there were to be 8 divisions and 2 districts: *Upper Suriname and Torarica *Para *Upper Commewijne *Upper Cottica and Perica *Lower Commewijne *Lower Cottica *Matapica *Saramacca *Coronie (district) *Nickerie (district) The divisions were areas near the capital city, Paramaribo, and the districts were areas further away from the city. In 1927, Suriname's districts were revised, and the country was divided into 7 districts. In 1943, 1948, 1949, 1952 and 1959 further small modifications were made. On October 28, 1966, the districts were redrawn again, into *Nickerie *Coronie *Saramacca *Brokopondo *Para *Suriname *Paramaribo *Commewijne *Marowijne These divisions remained until 1980, when yet again, the borders of the districts were redrawn, however, with the following requirements: *Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waterloo, Suriname
Oostelijke Polders is a resort in Suriname located in the Nickerie District. Its population at the 2012 census was 7,153. Villages in the resort include Glasgow, Hamptoncourtpolder, and Paradise. Oostelijke Polders is an agricultural area with a focus on rice production. Oostelijke Polder has a clinic and a school. Bigi Pan Nature Reserve Oostelijke Polders is home to the Bigi Pan Nature Reserve which is the third largest reserve in the country. It is located in the estuary north of the Nickerie River. The reserve has an area of 68,000 hectare of which 15,000 had been poldered for rice cultivation. The reserve has been named after the lagoon in the centre. Hertenrits Within the Bigi Pan Nature Reserve there are five '' terpen'' (artificial mounts). They were located in the middle of the swamp, and remains from the pre-Columbian era had been discovered in the mounts. Some of the finds were 15,000 to 20,000 year old. Hertenrits measures hectares, and was designated a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
December Murders
The December murders (Dutch: ''Decembermoorden'') were the murders on 7, 8, and 9 December 1982, of fifteen prominent young Surinamese men who had criticized the military dictatorship then ruling Suriname. Thirteen of these men were arrested on December 7 between 2 am and 5 am while sleeping in their homes (according to reports by the families of the victims). The other two were Surendre Rambocus and Jiwansingh Sheombar who were already imprisoned for attempting a counter-coup in March 1982. Soldiers of Dési Bouterse ( dictator of Suriname at the time), took them to Fort Zeelandia (at that time Bouterse's headquarters), where they were heard as "suspects in a trial" by Bouterse and other sergeants in a self-appointed court. After these "hearings" they were tortured and shot dead. The circumstances remain unclear. On 10 December 1982, Bouterse claimed on national television that all of the detainees had been shot dead "in an attempt to flee". The December murders led to internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fred Derby
Frederik Marinus Emanuel Derby (March 31, 1940 – May 19, 2001) was a Surinamese politician and trade unionist. He was the only survivor of the December murders. In the years before his death he fought for an investigation into these events, and he told what had happened to him in Fort Zeelandia. Biography Derby was born in the district of Para, on the site of a former plantation, Berlijn. In 1954, he left as foster carer to Paramaribo. He attended the secondary school, and received the certificate for teacher. Then he became a teacher at a technical school. In 1968, he was a trade unionist, and was involved in the establishment of the Confederation C-47 in 1970. He joined the Nationalist Republican Party (PNR), which sought the independence of Suriname and sat on behalf of that party from 1973 to 1977 in the Parliament of Suriname. On the night of 7 to 8 December 1982, he was arrested by soldiers and taken to Fort Zeelandia. The next day, he was the only one of those arrested ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cola Creek
Cola Creek ( nl, Colakreek) is a blackwater creek in Suriname's Para District. The name refers to the colour of the water, which resembles that of Coca-Cola. On weekends many tourists visit the creek from Paramaribo as it is only a short drive away. The resort on the creek was built during World War II for the American soldiers stationed at Zanderij. See also * Coropina Kreek Coropina Creek (in Dutch: ''Coropinakreek)'' is a blackwater river in the Para district of Suriname. The river originates in swamp forests in southern Para, meanders through the district, and eventually merges with the Para River. History C ... References Rivers of Suriname Para District {{Suriname-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subsistence Farming
Subsistence agriculture occurs when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings. Subsistence agriculturalists target farm output for survival and for mostly local requirements, with little or no surplus. Planting decisions occur principally with an eye toward what the family will need during the coming year, and only secondarily toward market prices. Tony Waters, a professor of sociology, defines "subsistence peasants" as "people who grow what they eat, build their own houses, and live without regularly making purchases in the marketplace." Despite the self-sufficiency in subsistence farming, most subsistence farmers also participate in trade to some degree. Although their amount of trade as measured in cash is less than that of consumers in countries with modern complex markets, they use these markets mainly to obtain goods, not to generate income for food; these goods are typically not necessary for survival and may include su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zanderij
Zanderij is a village located in the northern part of Suriname, situated 50 kilometres south of the capital Paramaribo on the Southern East-West Link. The Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport , also known as Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport, and locally referred to simply as JAP, is an airport located in the town of Zanderij and hub for airline carrier Surinam Airways, south of Par ... is located near the village. On 7 June 1989, Surinam Airways Flight 764 crashed in Zanderij, killing 178 of the 187 passengers on board including a group of professional Dutch football players. Only 11 people and a dog survived. The dog was named "Lucky" by the police. References External links Populated places in Para District {{Suriname-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawa Railway
The Lawa Railway (Dutch: ''Lawaspoorweg'' or later ''Landsspoorweg'') was a single-track metre gauge railway in Suriname. It was built during the gold rush in the early 20th century, from the harbour town Paramaribo to Dam at the Sara Creek, but it was not extended to the gold fields at the Lawa River, as originally intended. History Private businessmen came up with the first plans, and the Governor of Suriname Cornelis Lely announced in 1902 that the government would build the railway to ease the exploitation of the gold fields. The track was intended to be more than long, but was built only halfway since the gold fields were not as efficient as hoped for.Armand SnijdersDe flop van Lely.Parbode, Surinames Magazine, 1 April 2008. In 1903 former seamen from Curacao began building the track from Paramaribo to ; this section opened in 1905. They completed the section to Dam at the Sara Creek in 1912. The rail track was by then long and had cost 8.5 million Surinamese guild ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ketikoti
, sometimes spelled as ''Keti Koti'' (Sranantongo: "the chain is cut" or "the chain is broken"), or officially (Dutch: Day of the Freedoms) is an annual celebration on 1 July that marks Emancipation Day in Suriname. The day is also known as ''Manspasi Dei'' or ''Prisiri Manspasi'', meaning "Emancipation" or "Emancipation Festival". or ''Kettingsnijden'' (Dutch: chain cutting). ''Ketikoti'' marks the date when slavery was abolished in Suriname in 1863. However, enslaved people in Suriname would not be fully free until 1873, after a mandatory 10-year transition period during which time they were required to work on the plantations for minimal pay and with state sanctioned force: if they were discovered outside without a pass, they could be jailed. On June 30, 1963, the statue of Kwakoe was unveiled in Paramaribo, Suriname's capital city to commemorate the abolition of slavery. After 1873 many slaves left the plantations where they had worked for several generations, in favor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramaribo
Paramaribo (; ; nicknamed Par'bo) is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District. Paramaribo has a population of roughly 241,000 people (2012 census), almost half of Suriname's population. The historic inner city of Paramaribo has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2002. Name The city is named for the Paramaribo tribe living at the mouth of the Suriname River; the name is from Tupi–Guarani ''para'' "large river" + ''maribo'' "inhabitants". History The name Paramaribo is probably a corruption of the name of an Indian village, spelled Parmurbo in the earliest Dutch sources. This was the location of the first Dutch settlement, a trading post established by Nicolaes Baliestel and Dirck Claeszoon van Sanen in 1613. English and French traders also tried to establish settlements in Suriname, including a French post established in 1644 near present-day Paramaribo. All earlier settlements were abandoned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Balfour (planter)
James Balfour (1777 – 13 July 1841) was a Scottish-born Guyanese physician and Surinamese plantation owner. He worked as a doctor in Berbice. Later, he became a plantation owner in Nickerie District. Harriët Balfour was his daughter with a slave. He requested Harriët's freedom the day before he died. Biography Balfour was born in 1777 in Dalgety, Fife, Scotland. He became a medical doctor in Berbice which nowadays in Guyana. As a physician, he used electric eels to cure rheumatism. In 1816, he threw a plank into the Mission Chapel, New Amsterdam where slaves were being taught, and was sentenced for interruption of Divine service. In 1818, he fathered his daughter Premiere with a slave. His daughter was later named Harriët. In 1819, Balfour started the sugar plantation Waterloo in Nickerie, Suriname. The plantation became of one the biggest of the district, and a modern sugar factory was constructed on the grounds. In 1821, he bought the wood plantation Berlijn, and want ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Para District
Para is a district of northern Suriname. Para's capital city is Onverwacht, with other towns including Paranam, and Zanderij. Para has a population of 24,700 and an area of 5,393 km2. The district is the mining and forestry centre of Suriname, with many large bauxite mining operations operating. The district is a mixture of forest and savannas. History The northern part of Para is one of the oldest cultivated areas of Suriname, and has been home to sugar and tobacco plantation since the 17th century which were mainly located along the Suriname River and the Para Creek. The southern part of the district contained wood plantations, and is still in use by logging companies. In 1968, the District was established, and named after the Para Creek. In 1983, the District was quadrupled in size. The district used to be accessible only by boat. The discovery of gold in Brokopondo and Sipaliwini lead to the construction of the Lawa Railway and growth of the villages next to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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