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Battle Of Zalău
The Battle of Zalău was a Military Tactics, tactical-level military engagement that took place from February 23 to 26, 1919, in the area of the town of Zalău in Szilágy County (now Sălaj County). The conflict involved Hungarian troops from the attacking Romanian ones from the 13th Infantry Brigade. This battle was part of the broader military operations defending the Great Union during the Romanian Land Forces, Romanian Army's efforts to occupy the in Transylvania in the Hungarian–Romanian War. The outcome was favorable to the Romanian troops, who, after initially having to leave the town, managed to regain control. Representing a gateway of real Military Strategy, strategic importance for both armies, the city of Zalău was a key Hungarian outpost. It served as a center for armed resistance and a possible base for an Offensive (military), offensive aimed at restoring the Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary's old borders. The Romanian Army's takeover of Zalău was preceded by va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian–Romanian War
The Hungarian–Romanian War (; ) was fought between Hungary and Kingdom of Romania, Romania from 13 November 1918 to 3 August 1919. The conflict had a complex background, with often contradictory motivations for the parties involved. After the unilateral self-disarmament of the Hungarian army by the pacifist Hungarian prime minister Count Mihály Károlyi, the Allies of World War I intended that Romanian Land Forces, Romania's Army, the Czechoslovak army and the Franco-Serbian armies to occupy various parts of Kingdom of Hungary. At the same time, there was a reluctance to allow Romania to occupy Hungary fully, although their intention was to, at least in part, satisfy the Romanian claims in accordance with the Treaty of Bucharest (1916) which proposed that Hungary cede Transylvania, Partium and parts of Banat to Romania. The situation was further complicated by the strained relationship between the Romanian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts. Beginning in the twentieth century, the English term ''propaganda'' became associated with a Psychological manipulation, manipulative approach, but historically, propaganda had been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or ideology, ideologies. A wide range of materials and media are used for conveying propaganda messages, which changed as new technologies were invented, including paintings, cartoons, posters, pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, and websites. More recently, the digital age has given rise to new ways of dissemina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cizer
Cizer () is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Cizer, Plesca (''Palicka'') and Pria (''Perje''). Geography The commune is located in the southwestern part of the county, away from the county seat, Zalău, on the border with Cluj County. Cizer is nestled within the Meseș Mountains (a mountain range within the Apuseni Mountains The Apuseni Mountains (, "Western Mountains"; , "Transylvanian Mountains") are a mountain range in Transylvania, Romania, which belongs to the Western Romanian Carpathians. The highest peak is the Bihor Peak at . The Apuseni Mountains have ab ...). The highest peak in the Meseș Mountains, , with an elevation of , is located on the territory of the commune. The commune lies on the banks of the river Crasna; its affluent, the Pria, discharges into the Crasna in the village of Plesca. Sights * Museum in Cizer (rustic old house), built in the 18th century, historic monument. * Orthodox Church i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horoatu Crasnei
Horoatu Crasnei () is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. The commune is composed of four villages: Horoatu Crasnei, Hurez (''Bagolyfalu''), Stârciu (''Bogdánháza''), and Șeredeiu (''Sereden''). The commune is located in the west-central part of Sălaj County, southwest of the county seat, Zalău. It lies on the banks of the river Crasna and its right tributary, the river Ponița. History The first historical accounts of the Stârciu village was in 1341. Until 1919, the commune was part of the Kingdom of Hungary's Szilágy County. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I and the declaration of the Union of Transylvania with Romania, the Romanian Army took control of the locality in April 1919, during the Hungarian–Romanian War. The town officially became part of the territory ceded to the Kingdom of Romania in June 1920 under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon. During the interwar period, it became part of plasa Crasna, in Săla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meseșenii De Jos
Meseșenii de Jos () is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Aghireș (''Egrespatak''), Fetindia (''Gurzófalva''), Meseșenii de Jos and Meseșenii de Sus (''Oláhkecel''). In Romanian, Meseșenii de Jos was traditionally known as ''Cățălul-unguresc''. A 1925 law gave it the name ''Cățelul''; this became ''Cățălu'' in 1956. The current name dates to 1960. Meseșenii de Sus, historically ''Cățălul-român'', was ''Cățelușu'' from 1925 and ''Cățălușa'' from 1956, before acquiring its current name in 1960. Sights * Reformed Church in Meseșenii de Jos (construction in the 15th century), historic monument A monument is a type of structure that was explicitly created to commemorate a person or event, or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage, due to its artistic, historical ... * Orthodox Church in Meseșenii de Jos (construction 1875) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hereclean
Hereclean () is a commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Badon (''Bádon''), Bocșița (''Magyarbaksa''), Dioșod (''Diósad''), Guruslău (''Magyargoroszló''), Hereclean and Panic (''Szilágypanit''). Sights * Wooden Church in Bocșița, built in the 17th century (1625), historic monument * Reformed Church in Guruslău, completed in 1835 * Guruslău, Monument Mihai Viteazul, built in the 20th century (1976), historic monument * Stejărișul Panic Nature reserve (2 ha) * Stejărișul de baltă Panic Nature reserve (1.70 ha) Politics Vasile Păcală was elected as the mayor in 2000 and 2004. Mayor Francisc Dobrai (born 1968, Dioșod) was elected the first time in 2008 as a member of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania and re-elected in 2012. Before 2008, Dobrai had served as a local councilor for eight years. 2012 election The Hereclean Council, elected in the 2012 local government elections, is made up of 13 c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crișeni
Crișeni () is a commune in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It consists of three villages: Crișeni, Cristur-Crișeni (''Szilágyfőkeresztúr''), and Gârceiu (''Szilágygörcsön''). Crișeni village was founded in 1387. The local economy consists of crafts, services, agriculture, trade, and tourism. The commune is located in the central part of Sălaj County, just north of the county seat, Zalău. It is crossed by national road and by county road DJ108D; European route E81 links Crișeni to Zalău. Population At the 2021 census, Crișeni had a population of 3,326. Of those, 64.9% were Romanians, 20.7% Hungarians, and 6.79% Roma. At the 2011 census, the commune had 2,641 inhabitants. Sights * Reformed Church in Cristur-Crișeni, built in the late 16th century, historic monument [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coșeiu
Coșeiu () is a Commune in Romania, commune located in Sălaj County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Archid (''Szilágyerked''), Chilioara (''Szilágykirva''), and Coșeiu. Population In 1910, the majority of the inhabitants (811) were Romanian, with a significant Hungarian minority. In 1992, along with its neighboring villages, out of 1,409 inhabitants, 721 were Romanians, 672 Hungarians in Romania, Hungarians, and 16 wereRomani people in Romania, Roma. At the 2002 census, 50.4% of inhabitants were Hungarians] 47.5% Romanians, and 2.1% Roma. 48.6% were Romanian Orthodox Church, Romanian Orthodox, 33.3% Reformed Church in Romania, Reformed and 16.6% Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Baptist. At the 2011 Romanian census, 2011 census, the commune had 1,198 inhabitants; of those, 51% of were Hungarians, 46.16% Romanians, and 2% Roma. At the 2021 Romanian census, 2021 census, Coșeiu had a population of 1,110, of which 50.63% were Hungarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Băsești
Băsești () is a commune in Maramureș County, Crișana, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Băsești, Odești (''Vadafalva''), Săliște (''Kecskésfalva''), and Stremț (''Bükktótfalu''). Geography The commune is located at the extreme southwest of Maramureș County, at a distance of about from the county seat, Baia Mare, on the border with both Sălaj and Satu Mare counties. It lies at an altitude of , on the banks of the rivers Băsești and Tămășești. The closest train station is in Ariniș commune, away. Sights * Wooden Church in Odești, built in the 19th century (1832) * Wooden Church in Săliște, built in the 20th century (1902) * Gheorghe Pop de Băsești Memorial House Notable people * Gheorghe Pop de Băsești (1835–1919), Austro-Hungarian and Romanian politician * Elena Pop-Hossu-Longin (1862–1940), Austro-Hungarian and Romanian writer, journalist and women's rights activist * (born 1951), mathematician, corresponding member of the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Clemenceau
Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who was Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920. A physician turned journalist, he played a central role in the politics of the French Third Republic, Third Republic, particularly amid the end of the First World War. He was a key figure of the Independent Radicals, advocating for the separation of church and state, as well as the amnesty of the Communards exiled to New Caledonia. After about 1,400,000 French soldiers were killed between the Schlieffen Plan, German invasion and Armistice of 11 November 1918, Armistice, he demanded a total victory over the German Empire. Clemenceau stood for reparations, a transfer of colonies, strict rules to prevent a rearming process, as well as the restitution of Alsace–Lorraine, which had been annexed to Germany in 1871. He achieved these goals through the Treaty of Versailles signed at the Paris Peace Conferen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of France
The prime minister of France (), officially the prime minister of the French Republic (''Premier ministre de la République française''), is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of its Council of Ministers. The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in France, after the president of France. The president, who appoints but cannot dismiss the prime minister, can request resignation. The Government of France, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the National Assembly. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Some decrees are taken after advice from the Council of State (), over which the prime minister is entitled to preside. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, who makes budgetary choices. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ..., and affiliated with Columbia University. Founded in 1893, it is currently directed by Jennifer Crewe (2014–present) and publishes titles in the humanities and sciences, including the fields of literary and cultural studies, history, social work, sociology, religion, film, and international studies. History Columbia University Press was founded in May 1893. In 1933, the first four volumes of the ''History of the State of New York'' were published. In the early 1940s, the Press' revenues rose, partially thanks to the ''Encyclopedia'' and the government's purchase of 12,500 copies for use by the military. Columbia University Press is notable for publishing r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
