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Bashkir Rebellion Of 1681–1684
The Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 (Seit's revolt) was one of the major Bashkir uprisings of the second half of the 17th century. Causes The main reason was rooted in the decree issued by the tsarist government (Decree of 16 May 1681), which proclaimed a plan to forcibly Christianize Bashkirs. Course of hostilities The main forces of the rebels: Bashkirs, led by a Bashkirs from a noble family, Seit-batyr. The first actions began in the summer of 1681 in Nogai and Siberian darugah. In the spring of 1682, a mass struggle unfolded: the rebel Kazan Daruga attacked the Zakamsky fortresses. The main blow in Osinskaya daruga was directed to Kungur, fortresses and villages founded by Stroganovs on Bashkir lands. Numerous rebel detachment besieged Ufa, took Krasny Yar, Lovashnoye and others, in the west — Piyaniy bor, Karakulino and other objects. By May, the uprising had engulfed the entire region. Unsuccessful attempts to suppress the uprising forced the government to ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkirs
The Bashkirs ( , ) or Bashkorts (, ; , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Russia. They are concentrated in Bashkortostan, a Republics of Russia, republic of the Russian Federation and in the broader historical region of Badzhgard, which spans both sides of the Ural Mountains, where Eastern Europe meets North Asia. Smaller communities of Bashkirs also live in the Tatarstan, Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai the Oblasts of Russia, oblasts of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg Oblast, Orenburg, Tyumen Oblast, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan Oblast, Kurgan and other regions in Russia; sizeable minorities exist in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Most Bashkirs speak the Bashkir language, which is similar to the Tatar language, Tatar, Kazakh language, Kazakh and Kyrgyz language, Kyrgyz languages.The Bashkir language belongs to the Kipchak languages, Kipchak branch of Turkic languages; they share historical and cultural affinities with the broader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stroganov Family
The Stroganov family (Russian: Стро́гановы, Стро́гоновы; French: Stroganoff) emerged as a preeminent Russian noble family renowned for their roles as merchants, industrialists, landowners, and statesmen. By the reign of Ivan IV ("the Terrible," 1533–1584), they had become the wealthiest commercial dynasty in the Tsardom of Russia. Their financial and military support proved critical to pivotal historical events, including the late-16th-century conquest of Siberia and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky’s 1612 liberation of Moscow from Polish forces. The family’s prominence originated with Fyodor Lukich Stroganov (d. 1497), a salt industrialist whose descendants bifurcated into two lineages. His elder son, Vladimir, established a branch that later transitioned into the peasant class, while the youngest son, Anikey Fyodorovich Stroganov (1488–1570), founded the noble line that rose to political dominance. Anikey’s descendants secured their status through stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1680s In Russia
Year 168 ( CLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Apronianus and Paullus (or, less frequently, year 921 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 168 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Marcus Aurelius and his adopted brother Lucius Verus leave Rome, and establish their headquarters at Aquileia. * The Roman army crosses the Alps into Pannonia, and subdues the Marcomanni at Carnuntum, north of the Danube. Asia * Emperor Ling of Han succeeds Emperor Huan of Han as the emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty, Han Dynasty; the first year of the ''Jianning'' era. Births * Cao Ren, Chinese general (d. 223) * Gu Yong, Chinese chancellor (d. 243) * Li Tong (Wenda), Li Tong, Chinese general (d. 209) Deaths * Pope Anicetus, Anicetus, pope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menzelinsk
Menzelinsk (; ) is a town and the administrative center of Menzelinsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Menzelya River near its confluence with the Kama, from the republic's capital of Kazan. Population: 15,800 (1973). History It was founded in 1584–1586 and was granted town status in 1781, when it was a part of Ufa Governorate.''Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Tatarstan'', p. 193 Menzelinsk Fair was a notable event in the 19th century and in the beginning of the 20th century. The town served as the administrative center of a '' kanton'' in 1920–1930 and as the district administrative center since then. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Menzelinsk serves as the administrative center of Menzelinsky District, to which it is directly subordinated.Order #01-02/9 As a municipal division, the town of Menzelinsk is incorporated within Menzelinsky Municipal District as Menzelinsk U ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Menzelinsk (1682)
The Siege of Menzelinsk was a 1682 battle between the Tsardom of Russia against the Kalmyk Khanate and Bashkir rebels. Course of hostilities The rebels established a connection with the Kalmyk khan Ayuka. In July 1682, 40000 Kalmyk detachments arrived in Bashkortostan. The uprising resumed and the Bashkirs and Kalmyks besieged Menzelinsk. See also *Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 The Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 (Seit's revolt) was one of the major Bashkir uprisings of the second half of the 17th century. Causes The main reason was rooted in the decree issued by the tsarist government (Decree of 16 May 1681), which p ... References External Links Энциклопедия Башкирии – Башкирские восстания 17–18 века {{coord missing, Tatarstan 17th-century sieges History of Bashkortostan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the northeast, Chelyabinsk Oblast to the east, Orenburg Oblast to the south, Tatarstan to the west and Udmurtia to the northwest. It covers . It is the seventh-most populous federal subject in Russia and the most populous republic. Its capital and largest city is Ufa. As of 2025, it has a population of 4,046,094. Bashkortostan was established on .Национально-государственное устройство Башкортостана, 1917–1925 гг: Общее введение и Том 1 // Билал Хамитович Юлдашбаев, Китап, 2002, , 9785295029165Хрестоматия по истории Башкортостана: Документы и материалы с древнейших време ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalmyks
Kalmyks (), archaically anglicised as Calmucks (), are the only Mongolic ethnic group living in Europe, residing in the easternmost part of the European Plain. This dry steppe area, west of the lower Volga River, known among the nomads as Itil/Idjil, a basin on the northwest shore of the Caspian Sea, was the most suitable land for nomadic pastures. Itil or Idjil, the ancient name of the Volga River, written in the archaic Oirat script, means exactly that: the "pastures". The ancestors of Kalmyks were nomadic groups of Oirat-speaking Mongols, who migrated from Western Mongolia to Eastern Europe three times: in early medieval times, establishing in the 6th–8th centuries the Avar Khanate; in medieval times, establishing the Ulus of Juchi and Il-Kanate as Khuda-in-laws of Genghis Khan; and finally, in early modern times, establishing the Kalmyk Khanate in the 17th century. The Oirat language belongs to the western branch of the Mongolic language family, whose speakers inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Ufa (1682)
The siege of Ufa was a battle between Bashkir rebels and the Russian army. Course of hostilities After the attack on Kungur, numerous rebel detachments besieged Ufa. See also *Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 The Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 (Seit's revolt) was one of the major Bashkir uprisings of the second half of the 17th century. Causes The main reason was rooted in the decree issued by the tsarist government (Decree of 16 May 1681), which p ... References External linksБашкирские восстания XVII–XVIII вв. History of Ufa [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kungur
Kungur () is a town in the southeast of Perm Krai, Russia, located in the Ural Mountains at the confluence of the rivers Iren and Shakva with the Sylva ( Kama's basin). Population: 62,173 ( 2023 Estimate). History Kungur was founded above the Iren's mouth on the banks of the Kungurka in 1648. In 1662, it was burnt by Bashkirs. In 1663, it was rebuilt as a fortress on the place of the village of Mysovskoye. In the beginning of the 18th century, leather and footwear industries started to develop here, and in 1724, a tannery was built. By the mid-18th century, Kungur became one of the most populated areas in the Urals. In 1759, Perm administration of mining plants was moved to Kungur. By the end of the 18th century, Kungur was an important transit trade center of the Siberian road, as well as the center of leather manufacture in Perm Governorate. Kungur rope and linseed oil were widely known. In 1774, the town withstood a siege by Yemelyan Pugachev's Cossack force ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalmyk Khanate
The Kalmyk Khanate (, ''Xal'mg xana uls'') was an Oirat Mongol khanate on the Eurasian steppe. It extended over modern Kalmykia and surrounding areas in the North Caucasus, including Stavropol and Astrakhan. During their independence, the Kalmyks both raided and allied with Russia in turn, engaging in numerous military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, neighboring Muslim tribes, and the highlanders of the North Caucasus. "The Kalmyk Khanate reached its peak of power in the period of Ayuka Khan (1669–1724). Protected the southern borders of Russia and conducted many military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, Ottoman Empire, and Kuban Tatars. He also waged wars against the Kazakhs, subjugated the Mangyshlak Turkmens, and made multiple expeditions against the highlanders of the North Caucasus." The Khanate was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1771. History Period of self-rule, 1630–1724 Upon arrival in the lower Volga region in 1630, the Oira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianization
Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity. Christianization has, for the most part, spread through missions by individual conversions, but has also, in some instances, been the result of violence by individuals and groups such as governments and militaries. Christianization is also the term used to designate the conversion of previously non-Christian practices, spaces and places to Christian uses and names. In a third manner, the term has been used to describe the changes that naturally emerge in a nation when sufficient numbers of individuals convert, or when secular leaders require those changes. Christianization of a nation is an ongoing process. It began in the Roman Empire when the early individual followers of Jesus became itinerant preachers in response to the command recorded in Matthew 28:19 (sometimes called the Great Commission) to go to all the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
