The Bashkir rebellion of 1681–1684 (Seit's revolt) was one of the major Bashkir uprisings of the second half of the 17th century.

Causes

The main reason was rooted in the decree issued by the tsarist government (Decree of 16 May 1681), which proclaimed a plan to forcibly

Christianize Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity. Christianization has, for the most part, spread through missions by individu ...

Bashkirs The Bashkirs ( , ) or Bashkorts (, ; , ) are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Russia. They are concentrated in Bashkortostan, a Republics of Russia, republic of the Russian Federation and in the broader historical region of B ...

Course of hostilities

The main forces of the rebels:

, led by a

from a noble family, Seit-batyr. The first actions began in the summer of 1681 in Nogai and Siberian darugah. In the spring of 1682, a mass struggle unfolded: the rebel Kazan Daruga attacked the Zakamsky fortresses. The main blow in Osinskaya daruga was directed to

Kungur Kungur () is a town in the southeast of Perm Krai, Russia, located in the Ural Mountains at the confluence of the rivers Iren and Shakva with the Sylva ( Kama's basin). Population: 62,173 ( 2023 Estimate). History Kungur was founded ...

, fortresses and villages founded by Stroganovs on Bashkir lands. Numerous rebel detachment besieged Ufa, took Krasny Yar, Lovashnoye and others, in the west — Piyaniy bor, Karakulino and other objects. By May, the uprising had engulfed the entire region. Unsuccessful attempts to suppress the uprising forced the government to appeal to the Bashkirs with a promise to cancel the decree and forgive all participants in the uprising. Some of the rebels, led by Kuchuk Yulaev, stopped fighting and appealed to the government with a petition, while the other part, led by Seit, continued the struggle. The rebels established a connection with the Kalmyk taisha Ayuka. In July 1682, Kalmyk detachments arrived in

Bashkortostan Bashkortostan, officially the Republic of Bashkortostan, sometimes also called Bashkiria, is a republic of Russia between the Volga river and the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. The republic borders Perm Krai to the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast ...

. The uprising resumed.

and

Kalmyks Kalmyks (), archaically anglicised as Calmucks (), are the only Mongolic ethnic group living in Europe, residing in the easternmost part of the European Plain. This dry steppe area, west of the lower Volga River, known among the nomads as ...

besieged Ufa and

Menzelinsk Menzelinsk (; ) is a town and the administrative center of Menzelinsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, located on the Menzelya River near its confluence with the Kama, from the republic's capital of Kazan. Population: 15,800 ...

, prisons, settlements and villages built on Bashkir lands were attacked. To break the alliance of the

with the

, the government began negotiations with Ayuka and in early 1683 achieved his refusal to support the uprising. But the struggle continued: in the spring and summer of 1683, the rebels attacked the Zakamsky fortresses, burned the Ascension Monastery, besieged the Salt Town,

and other settlements. Troops under the command of Yu. S. were assembled to suppress the uprising. Urusova. Kalmyk taisha Ayuka with a detachment of 40 thousand people invaded the borders of

to force the

to secede from Russia and come under his rule by cruel measures. The cruelty of the

forced the Bashkir rebels to stop fighting against the Russian Kingdom. This was also facilitated by the statement of the tsarist government that it had never issued a decree on the forced baptism of Muslims.

References

{{Reflist

Literature

Акманов И. Г. Башкирские восстания XVII – XVIII вв. — феномен в истории народов Евразии. — Уфа: Китап, 2016. — С. 60–61. — 376 с. — ISBN 978-5-295-06448-7.

Links

БАШКИРСКИЕ ВОССТАНИЯ 17–18 вв // Башкортостан: краткая энциклопед

Вожди башкирских восстаний 17–18 век.
1680s in Russia History of Bashkortostan 17th-century military history of Russia