Baseball Study
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Baseball Study
The Baseball Study (also known as the Baseball Experiment) was an academic experiment that tested how reading comprehension is impacted by prior knowledge. In 1987, education researchers Donna Recht and Lauren Leslie tested middle school students on the topic of baseball, evaluating their results based on the participant's reading abilities and prior knowledge of baseball. They concluded that prior knowledge was just as important as reading proficiency in the student's abilities to comprehend written text. Design and implementation In 1987, researchers Donna Recht and Lauren Leslie developed a study to determine how much reading comprehension depended on prior knowledge of a topic. As the study was to be conducted on junior high students, they chose the topic of baseball under the assumption that the kids could potentially be familiar with the sport. Starting with 64 students, the participants were split into four groups based on their reading ability and prior knowledge of bas ...
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Marquette University
Marquette University () is a Private university, private Jesuit research university in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It was established as Marquette College on August 28, 1881, by John Henni, the first Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee, Archdiocese of Milwaukee. Initially an all-male institution, Marquette became the first coeducational Catholic university in the world in 1909. Marquette is part of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. The university is Higher education accreditation in the United States, accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and had an enrollment of about 11,000 students in 2023. It is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". Marquette is one of the largest Jesuit universities in the United States and the largest private university in Wisconsin. Marquette is organized into 11 schools and colleges at its main Milwauke ...
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Guilford Publications
Guilford Press or Guilford Publications, Inc. is a New York City-based independent publisher founded in 1973 that specializes in publishing books and journals in psychology, psychiatry, the behavioral sciences, education, geography, and research methods. Overview Guilford was founded by Bob Matloff and Seymour Weingarten. Matloff retired as president in 2022. The firm is run by Weingarten (co-founder and editor-at-large) and Tim Stookesberry (chief executive officer). Guilford Press says it has over 1,300 titles in print, typically publishes more than 55–65 new books in print and e-book formats each year, and also publishes 10 journals. In the academic sphere, Guilford Publications has published books by Aaron T. Beck, the cognitive therapist; Marsha Linehan, the developer of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT); and the founders of motivational interviewing, Stephen Rollnick and William R. Miller. ''Overcoming Binge Eating, Second Edition'', by Christopher G. Fairburn, and ' ...
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Education Theory
Education sciences, also known as education studies or education theory, and traditionally called ''pedagogy'', seek to describe, understand, and prescribe education including education policy. Subfields include comparative education, educational research, instructional theory, curriculum theory and psychology, philosophy, sociology, economics, and history of education. Related are learning theory or cognitive science. History The earliest known attempts to understand education in Europe were by classical Greek philosophers and sophists, but there is also evidence of contemporary (or even preceding) discussions among Arabic, Indian, and Chinese scholars. Philosophy of education Educational thought is not necessarily concerned with the construction of theories as much as the "reflective examination of educational issues and problems from the perspective of diverse disciplines." For example, a cultural theory of education considers how education occurs through the totality ...
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Education In The United States
The United States does not have a national or federal educational system. Although there are more than fifty independent systems of education (one run by each U.S. state, state and Territories of the United States, territory, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Department of Defense Dependents Schools), there are a number of similarities between them. Education is provided in State school#United States, public and private schools and by individuals through Homeschooling in the United States, homeschooling. Educational standards are set at the state or territory level by the supervising organization, usually a board of regents, state department of education, state colleges, or a combination of systems. The bulk of the $1.3 trillion in funding comes from State governments of the United States, state and local government in the United States, local governments, with Federal government of the United States, federal funding accounting for about $260 billion in 2021 compared to a ...
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Culturally Relevant Teaching
Culturally relevant teaching is instruction that takes into account students' cultural differences. Making education culturally relevant is thought to improve academic achievement, but understandings of the construct have developed over time Key characteristics and principles define the term, and research has allowed for the development and sharing of guidelines and associated teaching practices. Although examples of culturally relevant teaching programs exist, implementing it can be challenging. While the term culturally responsive teaching often refers specifically to instruction of African American American students in the United States, it can be an effective form of pedagogy for students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds. For instance, in Canada, research suggests the gap between traditional Aboriginal education and Western education systems may be bridged by including spirituality in Aboriginal educational practices. Although the majority of discussions about culturally re ...
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NWEA
The Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA) is a division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (acquired by HMH in 2023) that creates academic assessments for students pre-K-12. NWEA assessments are used by over 50,000 schools and districts in 149 countries. There are over 16.2 million students using NWEA. Its primary assessment product is the MAP Suite, a collection of formative and interim assessments that help teachers identify unique student learning needs, track skill mastery, and measure academic growth over time. Test subjects are math, reading, language, and science. By testing students two or three times over the school year, MAP assessments attempt to track student growth over time in order to help educators plan curriculum that matches a student's ability, and provides a method of visualizing the student's educational progression. MAP assessments are graded using the RIT scale, measuring between 140 to a maximum of 300. Students access the MAP Test by either going to the log ...
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Culturally Relevant Teaching
Culturally relevant teaching is instruction that takes into account students' cultural differences. Making education culturally relevant is thought to improve academic achievement, but understandings of the construct have developed over time Key characteristics and principles define the term, and research has allowed for the development and sharing of guidelines and associated teaching practices. Although examples of culturally relevant teaching programs exist, implementing it can be challenging. While the term culturally responsive teaching often refers specifically to instruction of African American American students in the United States, it can be an effective form of pedagogy for students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds. For instance, in Canada, research suggests the gap between traditional Aboriginal education and Western education systems may be bridged by including spirituality in Aboriginal educational practices. Although the majority of discussions about culturally re ...
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Low Socioeconomic Status Students
Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a basic standard of living. Poverty can have diverse , , , , and causes and effects. When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: ''


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