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Barbados Servant Code
The Barbados Servant Code of 1661 or the Master and Servant Code, officially titled as An Act for good governing of Servants and Ordaining the rights between Master and Servants was a law passed by the Parliament of Barbados to provide a legal basis for servitude in the English colony of Barbados. It was one of a series of acts including the Militia Act, which provided a basis to control indentured servants, often Irish, as well as the enslaved on the Caribbean Island. Background By the 1640 and 1660, large numbers of Irish arrived in the Caribbean as servants and penal labours to work in sugar plantations in the aftermath of the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and the Irish Confederate Wars The Irish Confederate Wars, took place from 1641 to 1653. It was the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of civil wars in Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, all then .... Prior to the 1661 Act, authorities in Barbados h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of Barbados
The Parliament of Barbados is the national legislature of Barbados. It is accorded parliamentary sovereignty, legislative supremacy by Chapter V of the Constitution of Barbados.#refConstitution, Constitution, Chapter V, Part 1; Section 35 The Parliament is bicameralism, bicameral in composition and is formally made up of two houses, an appointed Senate of Barbados, Senate (Upper house) and an elected House of Assembly (Barbados), House of Assembly (Lower house), as well as the president of Barbados who is indirectly elected by both. Both houses sit in separate Chambers of parliament, chambers in the Parliament Buildings (Barbados), Parliament Buildings (commonly known as "The Public Buildings"), in the national capital Bridgetown in Saint Michael, Barbados, Saint Michael. The Senate is made up of twenty-one Senators, while the House consists of thirty Member of parliament, Members of Parliament (MPs) in addition to the Honourable Speaker of the House. Members to serve in the Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indentured Servitude
Indentured servitude is a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years. The contract called an " indenture", may be entered voluntarily for a prepaid lump sum, as payment for some good or service (e.g. travel), purported eventual compensation, or debt repayment. An indenture may also be imposed involuntarily as a judicial punishment. The practice has been compared to the similar institution of slavery, although there are differences. Historically, in an apprenticeship, an apprentice worked with no pay for a master tradesman to learn a trade. This was often for a fixed length of time, usually seven years or less. Apprenticeship was not the same as indentureship, although many apprentices were tricked into falling into debt and thus having to indenture themselves for years more to pay off such sums. Like any loan, an indenture could be sold. Most masters had to depend on middlemen or ships' masters to recruit and transport ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Rebellion Of 1641
The Irish Rebellion of 1641 was an uprising in Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, initiated on 23 October 1641 by Catholic gentry and military officers. Their demands included an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, greater Irish self-governance, and return of plantations of Ireland, confiscated Catholic lands. Planned as a swift ''coup d'état'' to gain control of the Protestant-dominated Dublin Castle administration, central government, instead it led to the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars, part of the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Despite failing to seize Dublin Castle, rebels under Felim O'Neill of Kinard, Felim O'Neill quickly over-ran most of Ulster, centre of the most recent Plantation of Ulster, land confiscations. O'Neill then issued the Proclamation of Dungannon, a forgery claiming he had been authorised by Charles I of England to secure Ireland against his opponents in Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland. Many Cavalier, Royalist Normans in I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irish Confederate Wars
The Irish Confederate Wars, took place from 1641 to 1653. It was the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of civil wars in Kingdom of Ireland, Ireland, Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland, all then ruled by Charles I of England, Charles I. The conflict caused an estimated 200,000 deaths from fighting, as well as war-related famine and disease. It began with the Irish Rebellion of 1641, when local Catholics tried to seize control of the Dublin Castle administration. They wanted an end to anti-Catholic discrimination, to increase Irish self-governance, and to roll back the Plantations of Ireland. They also wanted to prevent an invasion by anti-Catholic Roundhead, English Parliamentarians and Covenanter, Scottish Covenanters, who were defying the king. Rebel leader Felim O'Neill of Kinard, Felim O'Neill claimed to be Proclamation of Dungannon, doing the king's bidding, but Charles condemned the rebellion after it broke out. The rebellio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbados Slave Code
The Barbados Slave Code of 1661, officially titled as An Act for the better ordering and governing of Negroes, was a law passed by the Parliament of Barbados to provide a legal basis for slavery in the English colony of Barbados and, ostensibly, to standardize procedures for managing the island's increasing slave population, which had tripled since 1640. It is the first comprehensive Slave Act, and the code's preamble, which stated that the law's purpose was to "protect them lavesas we do men's other goods and Chattels", established that black slaves would be treated as chattel property in the island's court. Details The slave code described black people as "an heathenish, brutish and an uncertaine, dangerous kind of people". The Barbados slave code ostensibly sought to protect slaves from cruel masters ("the Negroes and other Slaves be well provided for, and guarded from the Cruelties and Insolences of themselves or other ill-tempered People or Owners") and masters (and "any C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Slator Dunn
Richard Slator Dunn (August 9, 1928 – January 24, 2022) was an American author and historian. Biography Richard Slator Dunn was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota on August 9, 1928. He completed his B.A. in 1950 at Harvard College, his M.A. from Princeton University in 1952, and received his Ph.D. in history from Princeton University in 1955. He joined Phi Beta Kappa in 1950. Upon retirement from his position at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996, he was named the Roy F. and Jeannette P. Nichols Professor Emeritus of American History. He was married to Mary Maples Dunn; together they raised two daughters. He died on January 24, 2022, at the age of 93. Academic career Dunn began his teaching career at Princeton University in 1954, moving to University of Michigan in 1955, then joined the History Department at the University of Pennsylvania in 1957, where he eventually became chair of the department. Dunn was the founding director of the Philadelphia Center for Early American St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Colony Of Barbados
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to develop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indentured Servitude In The Americas
Indentured servitude in British America was the prominent system of labor in the British American colonies until it was eventually supplanted by slavery. During its time, the system was so prominent that more than half of all immigrants to British colonies south of New England were white servants, and that nearly half of total white immigration to the Thirteen Colonies came under indenture. By the beginning of the American Revolutionary War in 1775, only 2 to 3 percent of the colonial labor force was composed of indentured servants. The consensus view among economic historians and economists is that indentured servitude became popular in the Thirteen Colonies in the seventeenth century because of a large demand for labor there, coupled with labor surpluses in Europe and high costs of transatlantic transportation beyond the means of European workers. Between the 1630s and the American Revolution, one-half to two-thirds of white immigrants to the Thirteen Colonies arrived under inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1661 In Law
Events January–March * January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's Coldstream Guards, regiment defeats them. * January 29 – The Rokeby baronets, a British nobility title is created. * January 30 – The body of Oliver Cromwell is exhumed and subjected to a posthumous execution in London, along with those of John Bradshaw (judge), John Bradshaw and Henry Ireton. * February 5 – The Shunzhi Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty dies, and is succeeded by his 7-year-old son the Kangxi Emperor. * February 7 – Shah Shuja (Mughal prince), Shah Shuja, who was deprived of his claim to the throne of the Mughal Empire by his younger brother Aurangzeb, then fled to Burma, is killed by Indian troops in an attack on his residence at Arakan. * February 14 – George Monck’s regiment becomes ''The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards'' in England (which later becomes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
