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Baghdad’s Green Zone
The Green Zone () is the most common name for the International Zone of Baghdad. It is a area in the Karkh, Karkh district of central Baghdad, Iraq. It is the chief government precinct and the seat of the Iraqi government. History Pre-2003 The International Zone was a heavily fortified zone in the center of the Iraqi capital that served as the headquarters of successive Iraqi regimes. It was the administrative center for the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, Ba'ath Party. The area was not originally home to the villas of government officials though it was the location of a number of military bases, government ministries, and presidential palaces inhabited by Saddam Hussein and his family. The largest of these was the Republican Palace (Iraq), Republican Palace that was President Saddam Hussein's primary seat of power. The area is also known as ''Karradat Mariam'', so named for a locally famous woman who helped the poor people of Baghdad. Invasion of Iraq (2003) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Zone
An international zone is any area not fully subject to the border control policies of the state in which it is located. There are several types of international zones ranging from special economic zones and sterile zones at ports of entry exempt from customs rules to concessions over which administration is ceded to one or more foreign states. International zones may also maintain distinct visa policies from the rest of the surrounding state. Special economic zones A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the rest of the jurisdiction within which it is located. SEZs are generally established to increase foreign direct investment or facilitate export-oriented manufacturing. Depending on its purpose, an SEZ typically has less strict border control policies with regard to customs. An export processing zone will typically allow for goods manufactured for export to be exempt from excise tax and for capital goods and raw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slum
A slum is a highly populated Urban area, urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty. The infrastructure in slums is often deteriorated or incomplete, and they are primarily inhabited by impoverished people."What are slums and why do they exist?" UN-Habitat, Kenya (April 2007) Although slums are usually located in urban areas, in some countries they can be located in suburban areas where housing quality is low and living conditions are poor. While slums differ in size and other characteristics, most lack reliable sanitation services, Water supply, supply of clean water, reliable electricity, law enforcement, and other basic services. Slum residences vary from shanty town, shanty houses to pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbed Wire
Roll of modern agricultural barbed wire Barbed wire, also known as barb wire or bob wire (in the Southern and Southwestern United States), is a type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strands. Its primary use is the construction of inexpensive fences, and it is also used as a security measure atop walls surrounding property. As a wire obstacle, it is a major feature of the fortifications in trench warfare. A person or animal trying to pass through or over barbed wire will suffer discomfort and possibly injury. Barbed wire fencing requires only fence posts, wire, and fixing devices such as staples. It is simple to construct and quick to erect, even by an unskilled person. The first patent in the United States for barbed wire was issued in 1867 to Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is regarded as the inventor. Joseph F. Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, received a patent for the modern invention in 1874 after he made his o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
T-Wall
A Bremer wall, or T-wall, is a portable, steel-reinforced concrete blast wall of the type used for blast protection throughout Iraq and Afghanistan. The Bremer barrier resembles the smaller Jersey barrier, which has been used widely for vehicle traffic control on coalition military bases in Iraq and Afghanistan. To indicate that the Bremer barrier is similar but larger, the , intermediate-sized Bremer barriers are usually referred to as Texas barriers, but not to be confused with the Texas constant-slope barrier. Similarly, the largest barriers, which stand around , are called Alaska barriers. Unlike the Jersey barrier, which has sloped sides at the base, some Texas and Alaska barriers have a rectangular ledge base, usable as a bench for sitting or resting and approximately knee-high for a typical adult. Etymology These T-shaped walls were originally developed by the Israelis in the Israeli West Bank barrier. The term "T-wall" has been used commonly, due to the wall's cross- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blast Wall
A blast wall is a barrier designed to protect vulnerable buildings or other structures and the people inside them from the effects of a nearby explosion, whether caused by industrial accident, military action, or terrorism. Effectiveness Research by Cranfield University Defence Academy, building on earlier work, has shown that blast walls have the following properties: * A non-deforming upright wall will significantly reduce the peak blast overpressure and impulse in an area between 4 and 6 wall heights behind it * Similar protection occurs at greater distances behind the wall, but to a diminishing extent * Blast walls perform best if the explosion is relatively close to the front of the wall * "Canopied" walls (with a top section overhanging the front face) show some improved blast protection over plane walls * A 90-degree canopy is more effective than a 45-degree one * Walls containing sand or water work well, and cause little damage if they fail * A wall has to stay intact l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of the longest-running newspapers in the United States, the ''Times'' serves as one of the country's Newspaper of record, newspapers of record. , ''The New York Times'' had 9.13 million total and 8.83 million online subscribers, both by significant margins the List of newspapers in the United States, highest numbers for any newspaper in the United States; the total also included 296,330 print subscribers, making the ''Times'' the second-largest newspaper by print circulation in the United States, following ''The Wall Street Journal'', also based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' is published by the New York Times Company; since 1896, the company has been chaired by the Ochs-Sulzberger family, whose current chairman and the paper's publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region on the coast of the Black Sea. It is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia, and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers an area of . It has a Demographics of Georgia (country), population of 3.7 million, of which over a third live in the capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city, Tbilisi. Ethnic Georgians, who are native to the region, constitute a majority of the country's population and are its titular nation. Georgia has been inhabited since prehistory, hosting the world's earliest known sites of winemaking, gold mining, and textiles. The Classical antiquity, classical era saw the emergence of several kingdoms, such as Colchis and Kingdom of Iberia, Iberia, that formed the nucleus of the modern Georgian state. In the early fourth centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq War Order Of Battle
Below is an estimated list of the major units deployed within the Multi-National Force – Iraq and other United States military units that were operating in Iraq under the U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) in 2009, during the Iraq War. In military science terminology, the description of the units involved in an operation is known as the order of battle (ORBAT). NATO and the U.S. Department of Defense define the order of battle as the identification, strength, command structure, and disposition of the personnel, units, and equipment of any military force. From September 2008 to 31 December 2009, the overall military commander in Iraq was General Raymond T. Odierno, Commander, Multi-National Force - Iraq (MNF-I) who reported to United States Central Command. MNF-I replaced Combined Joint Task Force 7 in May 2004. MNF-I consisted of Multi-National Corps - Iraq, Multi-National Security Transition Command - Iraq (MNSTC-I), and the Joint Contracting Command, Iraq/Afghanistan (JCCIA) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FOB Prosperity
The as-Salam Palace (), previously a home of former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein. Since 2012, the palace has been certified as a Republican Palace. History Al Salam palace is located on the site of the former Republican Guard Headquarters, which was destroyed in Desert Storm. Construction has been ongoing since then and was completed in early 1999. As-Salam Palace was taken over by U.S.-led Coalition forces during the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. The palace was significantly damaged during the shock and awe campaign, sustaining several airstrike attacks. The palace served as headquarters for the Joint Area Support Group, and was known to Coalition forces as Camp Prosperity and Forward Operating Base (FOB) Prosperity. Layout and amenities As-Salam palace has 200 rooms with approximately of floor space. There are six floors, three of which are usable (others serve as 'false floors'), and two large ballrooms. The palace is internally lined with marble floors decorated with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 2005 Iraqi Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq on 30 January 2005 to elect the new National Assembly of Iraq, National Assembly, alongside 2005 Iraqi governorate elections, governorate elections and a 2005 Kurdistan Region parliamentary election, parliamentary election in Kurdistan Region. The 275-member legislature had been created under the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period, Transitional Law during the History of Iraq (2003–2011), international occupation. The newly elected body was given a mandate to write a new Constitution of Iraq, constitution and exercise legislative functions until the new constitution came into effect. The elections also led to the formation of the Iraqi Transitional Government. The United Iraqi Alliance, tacitly backed by Shia Islam, Shia Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, emerged as the largest bloc with 48% of the vote and 140 out of the total 275 seats. The Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan was in second pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraqi Interim Government
The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the drafting of the new constitution following the National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005. The Iraqi Interim Government itself took the place of the Coalition Provisional Authority (and the Iraq Interim Governing Council) on June 28, 2004, and was replaced by the Iraqi Transitional Government on May 3, 2005. Organization The Iraqi Interim Government was recognized by the U.S., the United Nations, the Arab League and several other countries as being the sovereign government of Iraq (see Iraqi sovereignty for more information). The U.S. retained significant de facto power in the country and critics contend that the government existed only at the pleasure of the United States and other coalition countries and considered it a U.S. puppet government, whose military forces still remain in Iraq. The law and the head of govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coalition Provisional Authority
The Coalition Provisional Authority (; , CPA) was a Provisional government, transitional government of Iraq established following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, invasion of the country on 19 March 2003 by Multi-National Force – Iraq, U.S.-led Coalition forces. The invasion marked the fall of the Ba'athist Iraq, Ba'athist regime led by Saddam Hussein. Citing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483 (2003) and the Law of war, laws of war, the CPA was established in May 2003 and vested itself with executive (government), executive, Legislature, legislative, and judiciary authority over the Iraqi government from the period of the CPA's inception on 21 April 2003 until its dissolution on 28 June 2004. The CPA was admonished for its mismanagement of funds allocated to the Investment in post-invasion Iraq, reconstruction of post-invasion Iraq, with over $8 billion of these unaccounted for, including over $1.6 billion in cash that emerged in a basement in Lebanon. History of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
