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Atsugewi
The Atsugewi are Native Americans residing in northeastern California, United States. Their traditional lands are near Mount Shasta, specifically the Pit River drainage on Burney, Hat, and Dixie Valley or Horse Creeks. They are closely related to the Achomawi and consisted of two groups (the Atsugé and the Apwaruge). The Atsugé ("pine-tree people") traditionally are from the Hat Creek area, and the Apwaruge ("juniper-tree people") are from the Dixie Valley. They lived to the south of the Achomawi. History The Atsugewi traditionally lived by hunting and gathering and lived in small groups without centralized political authority. There was a cultural division into two smaller bands, based on the area of habitation. Inhabitants of Hat Creek were known as the "pine tree people" or Atsuge. In turn the residents of Apwariwa or Dixie Valley were known as the "juniper tree people" or Mahuopani; or by the more common Apwaruge, named after the valley itself. Exchanges of gifts and com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achomawi
Achomawi (also Achumawi, Ajumawi and Ahjumawi), are the northerly nine (out of eleven) bands of the Pit River tribe of Palaihnihan Native Americans who live in what is now northeastern California in the United States. These 5 autonomous bands (also called "tribelets") of the Pit River Indians historically spoke slightly different dialects of one common language, and the other two bands spoke dialects of a related language, called Atsugewi. The name "Achomawi" means river people and properly applies to the band which historically inhabited the Fall River Valley and the Pit River from the south end of Big Valley Mountains, westerly to Pit River Falls. The nine bands of Achumawi lived on both sides of the Pit River from its origin at Goose Lake to Montgomery Creek, and the two bands of Atsugewi lived south of the Pit River on creeks tributary to it in the Hat Creek valley and Dixie Valley. Population Achomawi speaking territories reached from Big Bend to Goose Lake. This land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atsugewi Language
Atsugewi is a recently extinct Palaihnihan language of northeastern California spoken by the Atsugewi people of Hat Creek and Dixie Valley. In 1962, there were four fluent speakers out of an ethnic group of 200, all elderly; the last of these died in 1988. The last fluent native speaker was Medie Webster; as of 1988, other tribal members knew some expressions in the language. For a summary of the documentation of Atsugewi see Golla (2011: 98-99). Atsugewi is related to Achumawi. They have long been considered as part of the hypothetical Hokan stock, and it has been supposed that within that stock they comprise the Palaihnihan family. The name properly is Atsugé, to which the -wi of the Achumawi or Pit River language was erroneously suffixed. History Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. Alfred L. Kroeber estimated the combined 1770 population of the Achumawi and Atsugewi as 3,000. A more detailed analysis b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pit River Tribe
The Pit River Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of eleven bands of indigenous peoples of California. They primarily live along the Pit River in the northeast corner of California.California Indians and Their Reservations. ''San Diego State University Library and Information Access.'' 2010 (retrieved 3 Feb 2011) Their name also is spelled as "Pitt River" in some historical records. Bands 
The eleven bands are as follows:
* (Achumawi, Ajumawi)
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Shasta People
The Shastan peoples are a group of linguistically related indigenous peoples from the Klamath Mountains. They traditionally inhabited portions of several regional waterways, including the Klamath, Salmon, Sacramento and McCloud rivers. Shastan lands presently form portions of the Siskiyou, Klamath and Jackson counties. Scholars have generally divided the Shastan peoples into four languages, although arguments in favor of more or less existing have been made. Speakers of Shasta proper-Kahosadi, Konomihu, Okwanuchu, and Tlohomtah’hello "New River" Shasta resided in settlements typically near a water source. Their villages often had only either one or two families. Larger villages had more families and additional buildings utilised by the community. The California Gold Rush drew in an influx of outsiders into California in the late 1840s eager to gain mineral wealth. For the Shasta, this was a devastating process as their lands soon had thousands of miners operating along v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaihnihan Languages
Palaihnihan (also Palaihnih) is a language family of northeastern California. It consists of two closely related languages, both now extinct: # Atsugewi ''(†)'' # Achumawi ''(†)'' (ís siwa wó disi, also known as Achomawi, Pit River Indian) Reconstruction The original reconstruction of proto-Palaihnihan suffered from poor quality data. David Olmsted's dictionary depends almost entirely upon de Angulo, who did not record the phonological distinctions consistently or well, and carelessly includes Pomo vocabulary from a manuscript in which he (de Angulo) set out to demonstrate that Achumawi and Pomo are not related. William Bright has also pointed out problems with Olmsted's methods of reconstruction. The reconstruction is being refined with newer data. Good, McFarland, & Paster (2003) conclude there were at least three vowels, *a *i *u, and possibly marginal *e, along with vowel length and ablaut. Consonants were as follows: Genetic relations The Palaihnihan family is oft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atsugewi Traditional Narratives
Atsugewi traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Atsugewi people of the Pit River basin of Northeastern California. Atsugewi oral literature reflects the transitional position of Atsugewi culture between Central California Central California is generally thought of as the middle third of the state, north of Southern California, which includes Los Angeles, and south of Northern California, which includes San Francisco. It includes the northern portion of the San J ..., Northwest Coast, Plateau, and Great Basin regions. See also Traditional narratives (Native California).) On-Line Examples of Atsugewi Narratives "Achomawi and Atsugewi Tales"by Roland B. Dixon (1908) Sources for Atsugewi Narratives * Dixon, Roland B. 1908. "Achomawi and Atsugewi Tales". ''Journal of American Folklore'' 21:159-177.(Two myths collected in 1900 and 1903.) * Luthin, Herbert W. 2002. ''Surviving through the Days: A California Indian Reader''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
