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Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor Of Austria-Este
Ferdinand Karl Viktor (20 July 1821 – 15 December 1849) was Archduke of Austria-Este and Prince of Modena. Biography Born in Modena, he was the second son of Francis IV of Modena and his niece-consort Maria Beatrice of Savoy. His paternal grandmother had been heiress to the Duchy of Modena, because her father Ercole III d'Este had no sons. Ferdinand married Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria, daughter of Archduke Josef Anton of Austria and his third wife Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg on 4 December 1846 in the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. Elisabeth and Ferdinand had one daughter: *Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1849–1919), who became the last Queen of Bavaria. She also became the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland upon the death of her uncle Francis V of Modena. Ferdinand, who was a Feldmarschalleutnant (Austrian "two stars" general rank), died at Brno a few months later at the age of 28 from typhus. His widow remarried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska Of Austria
Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska Maria of Austria (17 January 1831 – 14 February 1903) was born in Ofen (Buda), Hungary, the daughter of Palatine Joseph of Hungary (1776–1847) and his third wife Maria Dorothea of Württemberg (1797–1855). First marriage Her first marriage, on 4 October 1847 in Vienna, was to her second cousin Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este (1821–1849), by whom she had one daughter: * Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1849–1919), wife of King Ludwig III of Bavaria and Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England and Scotland. Second marriage Her second marriage, on 18 April 1854, in Vienna, was to her first cousin Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria (1818–1874) by whom she had six children: * Archduke Franz Joseph of Austria (1855–1855) * Archduke Friedrich of Austria, Duke of Teschen (1856–1936) * Archduchess Maria Christina of Austria (1858–1929), Queen of Spain, wife of King Alfonso XII of Spain * Archduk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typhus
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. The diseases are caused by specific types of bacterial infection. Epidemic typhus is due to ''Rickettsia prowazekii'' spread by body lice, scrub typhus is due to ''Orientia tsutsugamushi'' spread by chiggers, and murine typhus is due to ''Rickettsia typhi'' spread by fleas. Vaccines have been developed, but none are commercially available. Prevention is achieved by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline. Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present. While once common, it is now rare. Scrub typhus occurs in Southeast Asia, Japan, and northern Australia. Murine typhus occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1821 Births
Eighteen or 18 may refer to: * 18 (number), the natural number following 17 and preceding 19 * one of the years 18 BC, AD 18, 1918, 2018 Film, television and entertainment * ''18'' (film), a 1993 Taiwanese experimental film based on the short story ''God's Dice'' * ''Eighteen'' (film), a 2005 Canadian dramatic feature film * 18 (British Board of Film Classification), a film rating in the United Kingdom, also used in Ireland by the Irish Film Classification Office * 18 (''Dragon Ball''), a character in the ''Dragon Ball'' franchise * "Eighteen", a 2006 episode of the animated television series '' 12 oz. Mouse'' Music Albums * ''18'' (Moby album), 2002 * ''18'' (Nana Kitade album), 2005 * '' 18...'', 2009 debut album by G.E.M. Songs * "18" (5 Seconds of Summer song), from their 2014 eponymous debut album * "18" (One Direction song), from their 2014 studio album ''Four'' * "18", by Anarbor from their 2013 studio album '' Burnout'' * "I'm Eighteen", by Alice Cooper commo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Antonia Ferdinanda Of Spain
, mother = Elisabeth Farnese , birth_date = , birth_place = Alcázar of Seville, Spain , death_date = , death_place = Castle of Moncalieri, Turin, Savoyard state, Kingdom of Sardinia , burial_date = September 1785 , burial_place = Basilica of Superga, Turin Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain (María Antonia Fernanda; 17 November 1729 – 19 September 1785) was List of Savoyard consorts, Queen of Sardinia by marriage to Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia. She was the youngest daughter of Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. She was the mother of the last three mainline King of Sardinia, Kings of Sardinia. Life Early years She was born at the Alcázar of Seville, Royal Alcázar of Seville in Seville and was the youngest daughter of Philip V of Spain and of his second wife Elisabeth Farnese. She was born in Seville during the signing of the Treaty of Seville (1729), Treaty of Seville which ended the Anglo-Spanish War (1727), Anglo-Spanish War. She spent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Amadeus III Of Sardinia
Victor Amadeus III (Vittorio Amadeo Maria; 26 June 1726 – 16 October 1796) was King of Sardinia from 1773 to his death. Although he was politically conservative, he carried out numerous administrative reforms until he declared war on Revolutionary France in 1792. He was the father of the last three mainline Kings of Sardinia. Early life and personality Born at the Royal Palace of Turin, he was a son of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia and his second wife Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg. He was styled the ''Duke of Savoy'' from birth until he succeeded to his father's throne. He was the eldest son of his parents and was the heir apparent from birth which was greeted with much celebration. His father had had a son with his first wife, Countess Palatine Anne Christine of Sulzbach who was also named Victor Amadeus, Duke of Aosta, but died in 1725. His education was entrusted to Gerdil Giacinto Sigismondo, with a particular emphasis on military training. Throughout his life he woul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess Of Massa
Maria Teresa CyboThis is also sometimes spelt ''Cibo''.-Malaspina (29 June 1725 29 December 1790) was the sovereign Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara from 1731 until her death in 1790. She was the eldest child of Alderano I, Duke of Massa and Carrara, and his wife Ricciarda Gonzaga. Life Childhood Maria Teresa was born on 29 June 1725 in Novellara. She was the daughter of Duke Alderano I Cybo-Malaspina (1690-1731) and his wife, Countess (1698-1768). As the eldest child, she was her father's primary heiress. Her father died on 18 August 1731, when she was just six years old. Marriage Maria Teresa was married by proxy on 10 November 1734 to Eugenio Giovanni Francesco of Savoy, a grandson of Prince Louis Thomas of Savoy-Carignan. However, as Eugenio died only thirteen days later, the couple never met and the marriage was annulled on the grounds of it never having been consummated. In 1741, she married Ercole Rinaldo d'Este, heir to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ercole III D'Este, Duke Of Modena
Ercole III d'Este (Ercole Rinaldo; 22 November 1727 – 14 October 1803) was Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1780 to 1796, and later of Breisgau (not resident). He was a member of the House of Este. Biography He was born in Modena, the son of Duke Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena and Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, daughter of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans and Régence, Regent of France. He was the couple's fourth child and had an older sister Maria Teresa d'Este, Maria Teresa and two brothers who died before his birth. In 1741 he married Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa, Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, heir and, from 1780, sovereign of the Duchy of Massa and Carrara: their relations turned out to be extremely unhappy and the Duchess lived for most of the time in Reggio Emilia, Reggio, separated from her husband. When his parents succeeded as rulers of Modena, he was styled His Royal Highness the Hereditary Prince of Modena (1737 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress. Maria Theresa started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died on 20 October 1740. Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it. He neglected the advice of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who believed that a strong military and a rich treasury were more important than mere signatures. Eventually, Charles VI left behind a weakened and impoverished state, particularly due to the War of the Polish Succession and the Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis I (Francis Stephen; french: François Étienne; german: Franz Stefan; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Lorraine and Bar, and Grand Duke of Tuscany. He became the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Austria, and Tuscany through his marriage to Maria Theresa, daughter of Emperor Charles VI. Francis was the last non-Habsburg monarch of both the Empire and Austria, which were effectively governed by Maria Theresa. The couple were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, and their marriage produced sixteen children. Francis was the fourth (but oldest surviving) son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, and the French princess Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans. Duke Leopold died in 1729, and was succeeded by his son. In 1736, Francis married Maria Theresa. In 1738, he left the Duchy of Lorraine and Bar for the deposed Polish king Stanisław Leszczyński in exchange for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, as one of the terms ending the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Theresa Of Austria-Este, Queen Of Sardinia
Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (Maria Theresia Josefa Johanna; 1 November 1773 – 29 March 1832) was born an archduchess of Austria-Este and a princess of Modena. She was later Queen of Sardinia as wife of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. Family and infancy She was born at the Royal Palace of Milan, a daughter of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, governor of Milan and son of Empress Maria Theresa after whom she was named. Her mother was Maria Beatrice d'Este, heir to the Duchy of Modena. Marriage Maria Theresa married on 25 April 1789 at the age of 15 with the 29-year-old Victor Emmanuel, Duke of Aosta future King Victor Emmanuel I. Their relationship was a happy one. She was a good friend of Marie Clotilde of France, the childless consort of Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont. She was also close to the Duchess of Chablais. At the time of her marriage, her spouse was the Duke of Aosta as such she was styled as Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Aosta till she became queen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Emmanuel I Of Sardinia
Victor Emmanuel I (Vittorio Emanuele; 24 July 1759 – 10 January 1824) was the Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia (1802–1821). Biography Victor Emmanuel was the second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain, daughter of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth Farnese. Victor Emmanuel was known from birth as the Duke of Aosta. From 1792 to 1796, Aosta's father had taken an active part in the struggle of the old powers against the revolutionary forces in France but was defeated and forced to make peace, signing the Treaty of Paris. The old king died shortly thereafter, and in December 1798, his eldest son and successor, Charles Emmanuel IV, was faced with a French occupation and eventually annexation, of his mainland territories. Charles Emmanuel and his family were forced to withdraw to Sardinia, which was the only part of his domains not conquered by the French. Charles Emmanuel himself took little interest in the rule of Sardinia, li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Beatrice D'Este, Duchess Of Massa
Maria Beatrice d’Este ( it, Maria Beatrice Ricciarda; 7 April 1750 – 14 November 1829) was the last descendant of the House of Este, of the Cybo-Malaspina, House of Cybo-Malaspina and, through her maternal grandmother , also of the House of Gonzaga of County of Novellara and Bagnolo, Novellara and Bagnolo. Ducal princess of Duchy of Modena and Reggio, Modena and Reggio, she became the sovereign duchess of duke of Massa, Massa and Carrara from 1790 until 1796 and from 1815 until her death in 1829. Through her marriage, she was co-founder of the new House of Austria-Este. Biography Maria Beatrice was born in Modena, the eldest child of Ercole III d'Este, Duke of Modena, Ercole Rinaldo d'Este, heir to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, and of Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa, Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara, Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara. Her parents' marriage was unhappy and they lived separated from each other; they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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