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Angas Languages
The Angas, Angas–Sura, or Central West Chadic languages (also known as A.3 West Chadic) are a branch of West Chadic languages spoken in Plateau State, north-central Nigeria. Languages The Angas languages are:Blench, Roger. 2017Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages ;Angas *Ngasic: Ngas (Angas), Belnəng; ? Miler *Mwaghavulic: Mwaghavul, Mupun (Mapun), Takas (Toos); Cakfem-Mushere * Miship (Chip) *Pan cluster ** Chakato; Jorto (spurious) ** Jipal, Mernyang (Mirriam), Kwagallak, Kofyar (Doemak), Bwol, Goram, Jibyal * Nteng *Tel (Tɛɛl, Montol) *Talic: Tal, Pyapun, Koenoem *Goemaic: Goemai * Yiwom (Ywom, Gerka) Note that in the language names, orthographic '' oe'' stands for the mid central vowel ə, a practice that had been adopted by missionaries in the Shendam area during the 1930s, such as Father E. Sirlinger. Unlike many other West Chadic languages, Angas languages do not have complex nominal and verbal morphology. Ywom is the most divergent language.B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shendam
Shendam is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Shendam. It is bordered by Ibi Taraba State to the south, Qua'an Pan to the east, Pankshin to the north, and Mikang to the west. Shendam town is the second most populous town in Plateau State, after Jos town at . It has an area of 2,477 km and a population of 208,017 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 940. The Goemai language and many other West Chadic languages The West Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken principally in Niger and Nigeria. They include Hausa, the most populous Chadic language and a major language of West Africa. Languages The branches of West Chadic go either by ... are spoken in Shendam LGA. at ''Ethnologue'' References Local Government Areas in Plateau State {{PlateauNG-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jibyal Language
Jibyal (also known as Ankwey, a former name for the Goemai people) is a West Chadic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. It was discovered by Roger Blench in 2017.Blench, Roger. 2017. Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages'. Jibyal most likely belongs to the Pan cluster of languages, which includes Kofyar. Some similarities with Cakfem-Mushere have also been noted by Blench (2019). Jibyal is spoken in Jibyal town, and in the hamlets of Monkwat, Lamalang, Shimər, and Dalu. Blench (2017) reports 2,000 speakers total. Jibyal speakers intermarry with Bwal speakers. Children still speak the language, but it is still threatened by Hausa. Names Jibyal speakers refer to themselves as ''Ankwei'' �ŋkwéy which was also the name that the Goemai had formerly used to refer to themselves. Geographical distribution Jibyal is spoken in Nasarawa State, near the border with Plateau State Plateau State is the twelfth-largest Nigerian state. It is in the centre of the co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plateau Languages
The forty or so Plateau languages are a tentative group of Benue–Congo languages spoken by 15 million people on the Jos Plateau, Southern Kaduna, Nasarawa State and in adjacent areas in central Nigeria. Berom and Eggon have the most speakers. Most Plateau languages are threatened and have around 2,000-10,000 speakers.Blench, Roger. 2007. Language families of the Nigerian Middle Belt and the historical implications of their distribution'. Presented to the Jos Linguistic Circle in Jos, Nigeria, July 25, 2007. Defining features of the Plateau family have only been published in manuscript form (Blench 2008). Many of the languages have highly elaborate phonology systems that make comparison with poor data difficult. Branches and locations Below is a list of major Plateau branches and their primary locations (centres of diversity) based on Blench (2019). The Plateau languages are highly typologically and lexically diverse. For instance, Roger Blench (2022) notes that Beromic is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Implosive Consonant
Implosive consonants are a group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism.''Phonetics for communication disorders.'' Martin J. Ball and Nicole Müller. Routledge, 2005. That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs. Therefore, unlike the purely glottalic ejective consonants, implosives can be modified by phonation. Contrastive implosives are found in approximately 13% of the world's languages. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, implosives are indicated by modifying the top of a letter (voiced stop) with a rightward-facing hook: . Articulation During the occlusion of the stop, pulling the glottis downward rarefies the air in the vocal tract. The stop is then released. In languages whose implosives are particularly salient, that may result in air rushing into the mouth before it flows out again with the next vowel. To ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatalised Consonant
In phonetics, palatalization (, also ) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing the letter ⟨ʲ⟩ to the base consonant. Palatalization cannot minimally distinguish words in most dialects of English, but it may do so in languages such as Russian, Mandarin, and Irish. Types In technical terms, palatalization refers to the secondary articulation of consonants by which the body of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate and the alveolar ridge during the articulation of the consonant. Such consonants are phonetically palatalized. "Pure" palatalization is a modification to the articulation of a consonant, where the middle of the tongue is raised, and nothing else. It may produce a laminal articulation of otherwise apical consonants such as and . Phonetically palatalized consonan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ywom Language
Yiwom (Ywom), also known as Gerka or Gerkawa by the Hausa, is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Sociolinguistic background Ywom was formerly much more widespread, with Ywom toponyms found in southern Tarok-speaking areas.Blench, Roger. 2017Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages Roger Blench (2013)Blench, Roger. 2013However did Ywom become so strange? reports that Ywom is spoken in Hyel Ywom town and nearby hamlets. Many Ywom speak Jukun and Tarok as additional languages. Due to influence from Plateau languages, Ywom has various phonological features that are considered unusual for a West Chadic language, such as labiovelar consonants. Phonology Tones are at least high and low. Mid tone may be allophonic. Rising and falling tones are probably restricted to sequences. Vowels are . There may also be an ?. Three vowels are long, . Consonants are: Syllable-initial consonant clusters are Cw, Cj, Cr and Cl. NC also occurs; the N take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mid Central Vowel
The mid central vowel (also known as schwa) is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a ə, rotated lowercase letter e. While the ''Handbook of the International Phonetic Association'' does not define the roundedness of , it is more often unrounded than rounded. The phonetician Jane Setter describes the pronunciation of the unrounded variant as follows: "a sound which can be produced by basically relaxing the articulators in the oral cavity and vocalising." To produce the rounded variant, all that needs to be done in addition to that is to round the lips. Afrikaans contrasts unrounded and rounded mid central vowels; the latter is usually transcribed with . The contrast is not very stable, and many speakers use an unrounded vowel in both cases. Danish language, Danish and Luxembourgish language, Luxembourgish have a mid central vowel that is variably rounded. In other languages, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oe (digraph)
This is a list of digraphs used in various Latin alphabets. Capitalisation involves only the first letter (''ch'' becomes ''Ch'') unless otherwise stated (''ij'' becomes ''IJ''). Letters with diacritics are arranged in alphabetic order according to their base: is alphabetised with , not at the end of the alphabet, as it would be in Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Substantially-modified letters, such as (a variant of ) and (based on ), are placed at the end. Apostrophe (capital ) is used in Bari for . (capital ) is used in Bari for . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for when it appears in a dark or ''yin'' tone. It is also often written as . is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark is used in the Wu MiniDict Romanisation for dark (capital ) is used in Bari and Hausa (in Nigeria) for , but in Niger, Hausa is replaced with . A is used in Taa, where it represents the glottalized or creaky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yiwom Language
Yiwom (Ywom), also known as Gerka or Gerkawa by the Hausa, is a Chadic (Afro-Asiatic) language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Sociolinguistic background Ywom was formerly much more widespread, with Ywom toponyms found in southern Tarok-speaking areas.Blench, Roger. 2017Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages Roger Blench (2013)Blench, Roger. 2013However did Ywom become so strange? reports that Ywom is spoken in Hyel Ywom town and nearby hamlets. Many Ywom speak Jukun and Tarok as additional languages. Due to influence from Plateau languages, Ywom has various phonological features that are considered unusual for a West Chadic language, such as labiovelar consonants. Phonology Tones are at least high and low. Mid tone may be allophonic. Rising and falling tones are probably restricted to sequences. Vowels are . There may also be an ?. Three vowels are long, . Consonants are: Syllable-initial consonant clusters are Cw, Cj, Cr and Cl. NC also occurs; the N take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goemai Language
PUR:purpose SG:singular DEF:definite ADVZ:adverbializer S:subject (intransitive and transitive) pronoun IDEOPH:ideophone O:object pronoun CONS:consequence clause PAST.REM:remote past DIM:diminutive GEN:genitive INSIDE:inside Goemai (also Ankwe) is an Afro-Asiatic ( Chadic, West Chadic A) language spoken in the Great Muri Plains region of Plateau State in central Nigeria, between the Jos Plateau and Benue River. Goemai is also the name of the ethnic group of speakers of the Goemai language. The name 'Ankwe' has been used to refer to the people, especially in older literature and to outsiders. As of 2008, it was estimated there were around 200,000 ethnic Goemai, but it is unknown how many of these are native speakers of the language. Goemai is a predominantly isolating language with the subject–verb–object constituent order. The language is considered threatened, which means that its adoption is declining, especially among children. Many are learning Hausa as a first la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koenoem Language
Koenoem is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. It is spoken in about 6 villages east of the Panyam-Shendam Shendam is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Shendam. It is bordered by Ibi Taraba State to the south, Qua'an Pan to the east, Pankshin to the north, and Mikang to the west. Shendam town is ... road.Blench, Roger. 2017Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages Notes Further reading *A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Koenoem (kcs) Language of Plateau State, Nigeria' Languages of Nigeria West Chadic languages {{WChadic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyapun Language
Pyapun is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. It is spoken in about 10 villages east of the Panyam-Shendam Shendam is a Local Government Area in Plateau State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Shendam. It is bordered by Ibi Taraba State to the south, Qua'an Pan to the east, Pankshin to the north, and Mikang to the west. Shendam town is ... road.Blench, Roger. 2017Current research on the A3 West Chadic languages Further reading *_Language_of_Plateau_State,_Nigeria.html" ;"title="cw">A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Piapung (Pyapun) [pcw/nowiki> Language of Plateau State, Nigeria">cw">A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Piapung (Pyapun) [pcw/nowiki> Language of Plateau State, Nigeria' Notes Languages of Nigeria West Chadic languages {{Nigeria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
