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Al-Muʿayṭī
Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUbayd Allāh ibn al-Walīd al-Muʿayṭī, also spelled al-Muʿiṭī (died AD 1041 AH_432.html"_;"title="Hijri_year.html"_;"title="small>Hijri_year">AH_432">Hijri_year.html"_;"title="small>Hijri_year">AH_432,_was_an_Umayyad_dynasty.html" "title="Hijri_year">AH_432.html" ;"title="Hijri_year.html" ;"title="small>Hijri year">AH 432">Hijri_year.html" ;"title="small>Hijri year">AH 432, was an Umayyad dynasty">Umayyad caliph reigning in Dénia from 1014 until 1016 in opposition to Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, Sulayman ibn al-Musta'in, reigning from Caliphate of Córdoba, Córdoba. He was a member of the Marwanid lineage and the only Andalusian Umayyad caliph not descended from Abd al-Rahman III. He was a puppet of his (chamberlain) Mujahid al-Amiri, who was the actual ruler of the kingdom of Dénia. His authority did not extended beyond Dénia and the Balearic Islands. Al-Mu'ayti's name consists of the , Abu Abd al-Rahman (meaning "father of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mujahid Al-Amiri
Abu ʾl-Jaysh Mujāhid ibn ʿAbd Allāh Amirids, al-ʿĀmirī, surnamed ''al-Muwaffaḳ'' (died AD 1044/5 [Anno Hegirae, AH 436]), was the Taifa of Dénia, ruler of Dénia and the Balearic Islands from late 1014 (early AH 405) until his death. With the exception of his early and disastrous Pisan–Genoese expeditions to Sardinia, invasion of Sardinia, his reign was mostly peaceful. His court became a centre of scholarship and literary production and he himself wrote a book about poetry (now lost).D. J. Wasserstein, "Mudjāhid, al-Muwaffaḳ ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿĀmiri, Abu ʾl-Djaysh", ''The Encyclopaedia of Islam'', Vol. VII (Leiden: Brill, 1993), pp. 292–93. Origins and rise Mujāhid was a ''Saqaliba, ṣaḳlabī'', a slave of Slavs, Slavic origin. His patronymic, Ibn ʿAbd Allāh, does not refer to his actual father. His mother was a captured Christian.Travis Bruce"The Politics of Violence and Trade: Denia and Pisa in the Eleventh Century" ''Journal of Medieval History'', 3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliphate Of Córdoba
The Caliphate of Córdoba ( ar, خلافة قرطبة; transliterated ''Khilāfat Qurṭuba''), also known as the Cordoban Caliphate was an Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 929 to 1031. Its territory comprised Iberia and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba. It succeeded the Emirate of Córdoba upon the self-proclamation of Umayyad emir Abd ar-Rahman III as caliph in January 929. The period was characterized by an expansion of trade and culture, and saw the construction of masterpieces of al-Andalus architecture. The caliphate disintegrated in the early 11th century during the Fitna of al-Andalus, a civil war between the descendants of caliph Hisham II and the successors of his '' hajib'' (court official), Al-Mansur. In 1031, after years of infighting, the caliphate fractured into a number of independent Muslim '' taifa'' (kingdoms). History Umayyad Dynasty Rise Abd ar-Rahman I became emir of Córdoba in 756 after six years in exile after t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 Common Era, CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Muhammad in Islam, Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet Divine inspiration, divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of Adam in Islam, Adam, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, Jesus in Islam, Jesus, and other Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabian Peninsula, Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father Abdullah was the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, and he died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Ar-Rahman IV
Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada ( ar, عبد الرحمن المرتضى, ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān al-Murtaḍā) was the Caliph of Córdoba in the Umayyad dynasty in Al-Andalus Al-Andalus translit. ; an, al-Andalus; ast, al-Ándalus; eu, al-Andalus; ber, ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ, label= Berber, translit=Andalus; ca, al-Àndalus; gl, al-Andalus; oc, Al Andalús; pt, al-Ândalus; es, al-Ándalus () was the M ..., succeeding Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, in 1018. That same year, he was murdered at Cadiz while fleeing from a battle in which he had been deserted by the very supporters which had brought him into power. His brief reign was similar to that of Abd ar-Rahman V Mostadir. References , - Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba 1018 deaths 11th-century caliphs of Córdoba Year of birth unknown {{Al-Andalus-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon. In 762 CE, Baghdad was chosen as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, and became its most notable major development project. Within a short time, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Baghdad was the largest city in the world for much of the Abbasid era during the Islamic Golden Age, peaking at a population of more than a million. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ketama, Morocco
Issaguen Ketama is a small town and rural commune in Al Hoceïma Province of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region of Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to .... At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 15,924 people living in 2,444 households. References Populated places in Al Hoceïma Province Rural communes of Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima {{TazaAlHoceimaTaounate-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn 'Idhari
Abū al-ʽAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʽIḏārī al-Marrākushī ( ar, أبو العباس أحمد ابن عذاري المراكشي) was a Moroccan historian of the late-13th/early-14th century, and author of the famous ''Al-Bayan al-Mughrib'', an important medieval history of the Maghreb (Morocco, North Africa) and Al-Andalus (now the Iberian Peninsula) written in 1312. Ibn Idhāri was born and lived in Marrakech, Morocco, and was a '' qāʾid'' ('commander') of Fez. Little is known of his life. His only surviving work, ''Al-Bayan al-Mughrib'', is a history of North Africa from the conquest of Miṣr in 640/1 AD to the Almohad conquests in 1205/6 AD. Its value to modern scholarship lies in its extracts from older works, now lost, and in its material not found elsewhere, including reports of the first Viking raids on Al-Andalus in the ninth century. He mentions another biographic work on the caliphs, imāms and amīrs from across the Islamic world, which has not surv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Ibn Hammud Al-Nasir
Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir ( ar, علي بن حمود الناصر, al-nāṣir ʿalī ben ḥammūd) (d. 22 March 1018) was the sixth Caliph of Córdoba from 1016 until his death. He was a member of the Hammudid dynasty of the Al-Andalus. He was named governor of Ceuta after 1013 by caliph Sulayman ibn al-Hakam. Taking advantage of the anarchy then existing in the reign, he conquered Tangiers, also in Africa, then, after occupying the Iberian port of Algeciras, he moved to Málaga. After also conquering the latter, he moved with his North African army to the capital, Córdoba, capturing it on 1 July 1016. Caliph Suleyman was first imprisoned and then beheaded, when news arrived of the death of the former caliph, Hisham II al-Hakam. Ali was elected caliph, adopting the title (''laqab'') of ''al-Nasir li-din Allah ''("Defender of the Religion of God"). Initially the population welcomed him for his impartiality; however, later, both his severity and the appearance of a ruler from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the 20 regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia and immediately south of the French island of Corsica. It is one of the five Italian regions with some degree of domestic autonomy being granted by a special statute. Its official name, Autonomous Region of Sardinia, is bilingual in Italian and Sardinian: / . It is divided into four provinces and a metropolitan city. The capital of the region of Sardinia — and its largest city — is Cagliari. Sardinia's indigenous language and Algherese Catalan are referred to by both the regional and national law as two of Italy's twelve officially recognized linguistic minorities, albeit gravely endangered, while the regional law provides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Hazm
Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī ibn Aḥmad ibn Saʿīd ibn Ḥazm ( ar, أبو محمد علي بن احمد بن سعيد بن حزم; also sometimes known as al-Andalusī aẓ-Ẓāhirī; 7 November 994 – 15 August 1064Ibn Hazm. ' (Preface). Trans. A. J. Arberry. Luzac Oriental, 1997 Joseph A. KechichianA mind of his own Gulf News: 21:30 December 20, 2012. 56 AH was an Andalusian Muslim polymath, historian, muhaddith, jurist, philosopher, and theologian, born in the Caliphate of Córdoba, present-day Spain. Described as one of the strictest hadith interpreters, Ibn Hazm was a leading proponent and codifier of the Zahiri school of Islamic thought and produced a reported 400 works, of which only 40 still survive. In all, his written works amounted to some 80 000 pages. Described as one of the fathers of comparative religion, the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' refers to him as having been one of the leading thinkers of the Muslim world. Personal life Lineage Ibn Hazm's grandfath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Da'wa
Dawah ( ar, دعوة, lit=invitation, ) is the act of inviting or calling people to embrace Islam. The plural is ''da‘wāt'' (دَعْوات) or ''da‘awāt'' (دَعَوات). Etymology The English term ''Dawah'' derives from the Arabic word , which comes from the root variously meaning 'to invite' or 'to pray'. ''Da‘wah'' literally means "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation". Grammatically, the word represents a gerund of a verb with the triconsonantal root ''d-ʕ-w'' meaning variously "to summon" or "to invite". A Muslim who practices ''da‘wah'', either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is called a ' (, plural ' ). A ''dā‘ī'', is a person who invites people to understand and accept Islam through dialogue and other techniques, may be regarded as a missionary inviting people to the faith, prayer and manner of Islamic life. The term ''da'wah'' has other senses in the Qur'an. In ''sura'' (chapter) 30:25, for example, it denotes th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bay'a
''Bayʿah'' ( ar, بَيْعَة, "Pledge of allegiance"), in Glossary of Islam, Islamic terminology, is an oath of allegiance to a leader. It is known to have been practiced by the Prophets of Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. ''Bayʿah'' is sometimes taken under a written pact given on behalf of the subjects by leading members of the tribe with the understanding that as long as the leader abides by certain requirements towards his people, they are to maintain their allegiance to him. ''Bayʿah'' is still practiced in countries such as Saudi Arabia and Sudan. In Morocco, ''bayʿah'' is one of the foundations of the List of rulers of Morocco, monarchy. Etymology ''Bay'ah'' derives from the Semitic root, Semitic triconsonontal root ''B-Y-’'', related to commerce, and shows the contractual nature of the bond between caliph and the people. ''Bay'ah'' originally referred to the striking together of hands between buyer and seller to mark an agreement. In Islamic history The tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
