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Aït Abbas
The Aït Abbas or Béni Abbès (in Kabyle: (''At εebbas'')) form a Kabyle confederation (Arch) established on the right bank of the Oued Sahel-Soummam in the Kabylie des Bibans in northern Algeria. Its leaders, of warrior nobility, were very influential throughout the region south of Béjaïa. Its origin is Kutama of the Sedouikich branch. From the founding of Kalâa of Ait Abbas in the 16th century until the beginning of French colonization, the great chiefs of the Aït Abbas were recruited from among the descendants of Abdelaziz Labbes . The last chief was Cheikh El Mokrani, one of the leaders of the 1871 uprising. From the beginning of the century to the Algerian War, the Aït Abbas saw their reign gradually decline in economic and craft terms in Kabylie and the Sétif highlands. History The Aït Abbas tribe could field 3,000 infantrymen in the 19th century. They are the most important tribe in the Soummam Valley. Its territory is very fertile. It is very rich in cer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabylia
Kabylia or Kabylie (; in Kabyle: Tamurt n leqbayel; in Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴻⵇⴱⴰⵢⴻⵍ; ), meaning "Land of the Tribes" is a mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria and the homeland of the Kabyle people. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean. Kabylia covers two provinces of Algeria: Tizi Ouzou and Béjaïa. Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia. Name During the French colonization of Algeria, the French invented the term 'Kabylia', a term never used by the Arab and Berber populations of Algeria prior to the French invasion. The word 'Kabyle' is a distortion of the Arabic word ''qaba'il'' (قبائل) which has two meanings, the first one is tribes that live among sedentary populations and the second is 'to accept', which Arabs after the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb used for local populations that accepted Islam. History Antiquity Kabylia was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any Succession to Muhammad, successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Muslim community, being appointed at the meeting of Saqifa. This contrasts with the Succession of ʿAlī (Shia Islam), Shia view, which holds that Muhammad appointed Ali, Ali ibn Abi Talib () as his successor. Nevertheless, Sunnis revere Ali, along with Abu Bakr, Umar () and Uthman () as 'Rashidun, rightly-guided caliphs'. The term means those who observe the , the practices of Muhammad. The Quran, together with hadith (especially the Six Books) and (scholarly consensus), form the basis of all Fiqh, traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia legal rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with Istislah, consideration of Maslaha, public welfare and Istihsan, jur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabyle Tribe
The Kabyle people (, or ''Leqbayel'' or ''Iqbayliyen'', , ) are a Berber ethnic group indigenous to Kabylia in the north of Algeria, spread across the Atlas Mountains, east of Algiers. They represent the largest Berber population of Algeria and the second largest in North Africa. Many of the Kabyles have emigrated from Algeria, influenced by factors such as the Algerian Civil War, cultural repression by the central Algerian government, and overall industrial decline. Their diaspora has resulted in Kabyle people living in numerous countries. Large populations of Kabyle people settled in France and, to a lesser extent, Canada (mainly Québec) and United States. The Kabyle people speak Kabyle, a Berber language. Since the Berber Spring of 1980, they have been at the forefront of the fight for the official recognition of Berber languages in Algeria. Etymology The word 'Kabyle' (Kabyle: Iqbayliyen) is an exonym, and a distortion of the Arabic word ''qaba'il'' (قبائل), whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soummam River
The Soummam River is a river in northern Algeria, born from the confluence of the Sahel River and the Bou Sellam River near Akbou and flowing into the Mediterranean at Béjaïa. Description The waters that reach the sea in this place have for their origins the Mounts of Ain Oulmane, south of Sétif, Mount Dirah, south of Bouïra, and the extreme west of Djurdjura. It is in fact that the physical geography of the region places the southernmost sources of the Soummam at the limits of the semi-arid zone characterized by rigors linked to the continental climate, whereas the closest sources are located in the territories Humid to temperate climate. The Soummam constitutes a dense and well-supplied hydrographic network, particularly in its part situated in the Tellian Atlas: Djurdjura, Babors and Bibans. Its watershed covers an area of 9,200 km2 spread over four wilayas: Bouïra, Bordj Bou Arréridj, Sétif and Béjaïa. With the Cheliff, the Tafna and the Rhummel, the Soum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibans
The Bibans or Biban Range (, Kabylian: ''Tiggoura'', or ''Les Bibans'') are a chain of mountains in northern Algeria, bordering the south of Kabylie. Geography The highest summits are 1862 m high Mansoura () and 1832 m high Choukchout (). Located to the east of the Blidean Atlas and to the west of the Hodna Mountains, the Bibans are a subrange of the Tell Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountain System. The strategic Iron Gates mountain passes are located in the range and gave their name to the Biban Mountains. The main gorge is the deep Bab al-Kabir (Big Door), cut by the Ouadi Chebba, through which the railway line between Algiers and Constantine passes. The Bab al-Saghir (Little Door) of the Oadi Buktun is located 3.5 km to the east. Some authors claim that the range was known as ''El Ouennougha'' before the French colonization of Algeria. Traditionally these mountains have been populated by Kabyle people. In present days the Kabyle populations are found in the centre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béjaïa Province
The Béjaïa Province (Kabyle language, Kabyle: ''Tawilayt n Bgayet''; , Latn, ar, Wilāyat Bijāyah; or ) is a provinces of Algeria, province of Algeria in the Kabylie region. With a population of 984,050 inhabitants in 2019, with a density of 305 km2. The province's capital city is Béjaïa, the terminus of the Béni Mansour-Bejaïa line. Gouraya National Park is located in Béjaïa Province. A population of an endangered primate species, the Barbary macaque, is found within the park; this primate has a severely restricted and Disjunctive population, disjunctive range.C. Michael Hogan. 2008''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg History The province was created from the Sétif (département) in 1974. Administrative divisions The province is divided into 19 Districts of Algeria, districts (''daïras''), which are further divided into 52 communes of Algeria, ''communes'' or municipalities. Districts Communes # Adekar # Aït-Rizine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalâa Of Ait Abbas
The Kalâa of the Aït Abbas or Kalâa of the Beni Abbes (Berber: ⵇⴰⵍⵄⴰ ⵍⴰⵉⵜ ⵄⴰⴱⴰⵙ alεa nāt εabbas ), sometimes spelled Qal'a or Guelaa, was a citadel and the capital of the kingdom of Ait Abbas, which was founded in the sixteenth century in the Bibans and almost totally destroyed during the revolt of Cheikh Mokrani in 1871. Location The Kalâa of Aït Abbas is an important village of Kabylia in Algeria within the tribe of the same name : Aït Abbas. As evidenced by the many ruins, it was an ancient fortress and capital of the local kingdom from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. It is part of the current Algerian '' commune'' of Ighil Ali (''wilaya'' of Béjaïa). The site is located southeast of Ighil Ali, north of Teniet En Nasr, about northwest of Bordj Bou Arréridj and about southwest of Béjaïa.Djamel AlilatDécouverte d'un canon du 16e siècle : Béjaïa, Qalaâ des Beni Abbès ''El Watan'', 21 April 2006. The Kalâa, fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheikh Mokrani
Sheikh Mohamed El-Mokrani (; ; d. 1871), also known as Mohand Amokrane, was one of the principal leaders and the namesake of the Mokrani Revolt of 1871 against the French Algeria, French occupation of Algeria. Early life El-Mokrani was a descendant of the rulers of the Kingdom of Ait Abbas, descendants of Abderrahmane of Djebel Ayad.La Kalaa des Béni Abbès au XVIe siècle Youssef Benoudjit. Dahlab.Etudes et documents berbères Issues 1-3. La Boîte à documents. The ''Amokrane'', had been rulers since the sixteenth century of the Kalâa of Ait Abbas in the Bibans and of the Medjana region. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mokrani Revolt
The Mokrani Revolt (; ) was the most important local uprising against France in Algeria since the French conquest of Algeria, conquest in 1830. The revolt broke out on March 16, 1871, with the uprising of more than 250 tribes, around a third of the population of the country. It was led by the Kabylie, Kabyles of the Bibans, Biban mountains commanded by Cheikh Mokrani and his brother and El hadj Bouzid who was the cousin of Mokrani as well as Cheikh El Haddad, head of the Rahmaniyya Sufi order. Background Cheikh Mokrani Cheikh Mokrani (full name el-Hadj-Mohamed el-Mokrani) and his brother Boumezrag (full name Ahmed Bou-Mezrag) came from a noble family – the Kingdom of Ait Abbas, Ait Abbas dynasty (a branch of the Hafsid dynasty, Hafsids of Béjaïa), the ''Amokrane'', rulers, since the sixteenth century of the Kalâa of Ait Abbas in the Bibans and of the Medjana region. In the 1830s, their father el-Hadj-Ahmed el-Mokrani (d. 1853), formed an alliance with the French: he al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian War
The Algerian War (also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence) ''; '' (and sometimes in Algeria as the ''War of 1 November'') was an armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front (FLN) from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. * * * * * * An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France. Effectively started by members of the FLN on 1 November 1954, during the ("Red All Saints' Day"), the conflict led to serious political crises in France, causing the fall of the Fourth French Republic, Fourth Republic (1946–58), to be replaced by the Fifth French Republic, Fifth Republic with a strengthened pres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Ait Abbas
The Kingdom of Beni Abbas or Sultanate of Beni Abbas () was a state in North Africa, then a fief and a principality, controlling Lesser Kabylie in Kabylia and its surroundings from the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century. It is referred to in the Spanish historiography as "reino de Labes". Sometimes more commonly referred to by its ruling family, the Mokrani dynasty (). Its capital was the Kalâa of Ait Abbas, an impregnable citadel in the Biban mountain range. The kingdom was for a long time a bastion of resistance to the Spanish Empire, then to the Regency of Algiers. Strategically located on the road from Algiers to Constantine and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Sahara, the Kalâa of Ait Abbas, attracted Andalusians, both Christians and Jews, in the sixteenth century, fleeing Spain or Algiers. Their know-how enriched a local industrial fabric whose legacy is the handicraft of the Ait Abbas tribe. The surrounding tribes were also home to intense intellectual ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Gates (Algeria)
The Iron Gates (, known in French as ''Défilé des Bibans'' or ''Porte de Fer'') are a mountain pass in the Bibans in Algeria. They gave their name to the Biban Range. History An 1839 French expedition under General Sylvain Charles Valée, Valée and the Ferdinand-Philippe d'Orléans, duc d'Orléans disregarded the clauses of the 1837 Treaty of Tafna with emir Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri, Abd el-Kader by passing through them, reigniting the war between France and Emirate of Abdelkader, Abd el-Kader's Islamic sovereignty. References {{Reflist Mountain passes of Algeria Atlas Mountains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
