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Aïn El Hadjar, Bouïra
Aïn El Hadjar, also known as عين الحجر, is a town and commune in Bouïra Province, Algeria. The town is in the mountains, 10 km south of Saida and is services by Algerian Railways. History Aïn El Hadjar has been tentatively identified as the Roman town of Centuria (Numidia) in Roman North Africa. During the French colonization the town was known as Aboutville. In 1958, the city then named ''Aboutville'', was part of the former department of MEDEA After independence, it takes the name of Aïn El Hadjar. According to the 1998 census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ... it has a population of 7,988. by the 2008 Census this had increased to 9260 inhabitants. References Communes of Bouïra Province {{Bouira-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of Algeria
The communes of Algeria (Arabic: بلدية (singular)), also known as municipalities, form the third level of administrative subdivisions of Algeria. As of 2002, there were 1,541 municipalities in the country. The municipalites are also known as communes (baladiyahs). List This list is a copy from the Statoids page named Municipalities of Algeria'. The population data is from June 25, 1998. See also * List of cities in Algeria * Cities of present-day nations and states References {{DEFAULTSORT:Communes Of Algeria Subdivisions of Algeria Algeria 3 Communes, Algeria Algeria geography-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of effective sole rule in 27 BC. The Western Roman Empire, western empire collapsed in 476 AD, but the Byzantine Empire, eastern empire lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. By 100 BC, the city of Rome had expanded its rule from the Italian peninsula to most of the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and beyond. However, it was severely destabilised by List of Roman civil wars and revolts, civil wars and political conflicts, which culminated in the Wars of Augustus, victory of Octavian over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the subsequent conquest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt. In 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian overarching military power () and the new title of ''Augustus (title), Augustus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian Independence
An independence referendum was held in French Algeria on 1 July 1962. It followed French approval of the Évian Accords in an April referendum. Voters were asked whether Algeria should become an independent state, co-operating with France; 99.72% voted in favour with a voter turnout of 91.88%. Following the referendum, France declared Algeria to be independent on 3 July; the decision was published in the official journal the following day, and Algerian leaders declared 5 July (the 132nd anniversary of the French arrival in Algiers) to be Independence Day. When Algeria ceased to be part of France it also ceased being part of the European Communities. Background The Algerian War was started by members of the National Liberation Front (FLN) with the Toussaint Rouge attacks on 1 November 1954. Conflicts proliferated in France, including the May 1958 Algerian crisis that led to the fall of the Fourth Republic. French forces used brutal means of attempting to suppress Algerian na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonization
475px, Map of the year each country achieved List of sovereign states by date of formation, independence. Colonization (British English: colonisation) is a process of establishing occupation of or control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of cultivation, exploitation, trade and possibly settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies. Colonization is commonly pursued and maintained by, but distinct from, imperialism, mercantilism, or colonialism. The term "colonization" is sometimes used synonymously with the word "settling", as with colonisation in biology. Settler colonialism is a type of colonization structured and enforced by the settlers directly, while their or their ancestors' metropolitan country ('' metropole'') maintains a connection or control through the settler's activities. In settler colonization, a minority group rules either through the assimilation or oppression of the existing inhabitants, or by establishing itself as the de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlantic, North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and List of islands of France, many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean, giving it Exclusive economic zone of France, one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world. Metropolitan France shares borders with Belgium and Luxembourg to the north; Germany to the northeast; Switzerland to the east; Italy and Monaco to the southeast; Andorra and Spain to the south; and a maritime border with the United Kingdom to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea. Its Regions of France, eighteen integral regions—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of and hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman North Africa
Africa was a Roman province on the northern coast of the continent of Africa. It was established in 146 BC, following the Roman Republic's conquest of Carthage in the Third Punic War. It roughly comprised the territory of present-day Tunisia, the northeast of Algeria, and the coast of western Libya along the Gulf of Sidra. The territory was originally and still is inhabited by Berbers, known in Latin as the Numidae and Maurii'','' indigenous to all of North Africa west of Egypt. In the 9th century BC, Semitic-speaking Phoenicians from the Levant built coastal settlements across the Mediterranean to support and expand their shipping networks. In the 8th century BC, the settlement of Carthage became the predominant Phoenician colony. Rome began expanding into the Province of Africa after annexing Carthage in 146 BC at the end of the Punic Wars, and later into Numidia in 25 BC, establishing Roman colonies in the region. Africa was one of the wealthiest provinces i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centuria (Numidia)
Centuria, also known as Centuriensis, was a Roman era town in Numidia, Roman province of Africa. It has been tentatively identified with ruins near Ain El Hadjar in Algeria, south of Saida. Bishopric The city was the seat of an ancient bishopric and the seat is currently vacant. Known bishops of the town include: * Quodvultdeus (fl. 402–411) (Catholic bishop attended the Council of Milevum (402) and Council of Carthage (411) *Cresconio fl. 411) (rival Donatist) * Gennaro fl.484 * Luis Camargo Pacheco (1622–1665) *Johann Kaspar Kühner (1664–1685) * Andrew Giffard (1705 Appointed – Did not take office) * John Douglass (1790–1812) * Myles Prendergast (1818–1844) * Antonio Majthényi (1840–1856) * St. Valentín Faustino Berrio Ochoa, (1857–1861) *Thomas McNulty (1864–1866) *Bonifacio Antonio Toscano (1874–1896) *Giuseppe Perrachon (1925–1944) *Stanislao Czajka (1944–1965) *William Joseph Moran (1965–1996) *Piotr Libera Piotr Libera (born 20 Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civitas
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term (; plural ), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the , or citizens, united by Roman law, law (). It is the law that binds them together, giving them responsibilities () on the one hand and rights of citizenship on the other. The agreement () has a life of its own, creating a or "public entity" (synonymous with ), into which individuals are born or accepted, and from which they die or are Exile, ejected. The is not just the collective body of all the citizens, it is the contract binding them all together, because each of them is a . is an abstract formed from . Claude Nicolet traces the first word and concept for the citizen at Rome to the first known instance resulting from the synoecism of Romans and Sabines presented in the legends of the Roman Kingdom. According to Livy, the two peoples participated in a ceremony of union after which they were named Quirites after the Sabine town of Cures, Sabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Company For Rail Transport
The National Rail Transportation Company (, , abbreviated SNTF) is Algeria's national railway operator. The SNTF, a state-owned company, currently has a monopoly over Algeria's rail network of , although it is currently utilising only . Out of the total railway network, are ( of these are Railway electrification system, electrified) and are narrow gauge (as of 2008). History The beginnings The history of the railway in Algeria began with French Algeria, the colonisation of the country by France. On 8 April 1857, a decree ordered the creation of of railways, beginning with the construction of a standard gauge line from Algiers to Blida, which started on 12 December 1859. The French private company ''Compagnie des chemins de fer algériens'' started working on the line with the help of the French army on 11 July 1860. Around the same time, the company obtained permission to create an Oran-Sig (Algeria), Sig line and a Constantine, Algeria, Constantine-Skikda line. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Town
A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative status, or historical significance. In some regions, towns are formally defined by legal charters or government designations, while in others, the term is used informally. Towns typically feature centralized services, infrastructure, and governance, such as municipal authorities, and serve as hubs for commerce, education, and cultural activities within their regions. The concept of a town varies culturally and legally. For example, in the United Kingdom, a town may historically derive its status from a market town designation or City status in the United Kingdom, royal charter, while in the United States, the term is often loosely applied to incorporated municipality, municipalities. In some countries, such as Australia and Canada, distinction ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saïda, Algeria
Saïda (, Latn, ar, saʿīda, ) is a communes of Algeria, commune and the capital city of Saïda Province, Algeria. History The city's site has been of military importance ever since the Ancient Rome, Romans built a fort there. Saïda was a stronghold of Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri, Abd al-Qadir, the Algerian national leader, who burned the town as Second French Empire, French forces approached it in 1844. Modern Saïda was founded as a French military outpost in 1854 and once housed a regiment of the French Foreign Legion. Its growth was stimulated by the arrival of the Oran-Béchar (narrow-gauge) railway in 1862. In 2005 the population was 158,856 inhabitants. It is nicknamed ''the city of waters'', because of its abundant underground springs. The area is forested and the main products of the town are cereals, wool, leather and bottled water, bottled mineral waters. Geography Location Saïda is located in north-western Algeria, on the southern slopes of the Tell Atlas mountain r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Algeria–Niger border, the southeast by Niger; to Algeria–Western Sahara border, the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to Algeria–Morocco border, the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The capital and List of cities in Algeria, largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast. Inhabited since prehistory, Algeria has been at the crossroads of numerous cultures and civilisations, including the Phoenicians, Numidians, Ancient Rome, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantine Greeks. Its modern identity is rooted in centuries of Arab migrations to the Maghreb, Arab Muslim migration waves since Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the seventh century and the subsequent Arabization, Arabisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
