|
Azobilirubin
Azobilirubin is a coloured compound formed by the condensation of diazotized sulfanilic acid with bilirubin in the van den Bergh reaction. The quantity of bilirubin in patients with jaundice can be determined by the formation of azobilirubin in the presence of methanol Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with the chemical formula (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often ab .... The Van den Bergh chemical reaction which is used to measure bilirubin levels, couples bilirubin with diazotized sulfanilic acid. This reaction produced azo pigments, or azobilirubin. The presence of azobilirubin is best indicated by the emergence of a pink-purple color. The intensity of the color will also indicate how much bilirubin is in the blood. Color markers and indicators can be changed. Adding alkaline tartrate can make the purple azobilirubin into a blue a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bilirubin
Bilirubin (BR) (adopted from German, originally bili—bile—plus ruber—red—from Latin) is a red-orange compound that occurs in the normcomponent of the straw-yellow color in urine. Another breakdown product, stercobilin, causes the brown color of feces. Although bilirubin is usually found in animals rather than plants, at least one plant species, '' Strelitzia nicolai'', is known to contain the pigment. Structure Bilirubin consists of an open-chain tetrapyrrole. It is formed by oxidative cleavage of a porphyrin in heme, which affords biliverdin. Biliverdin is reduced to bilirubin. After conjugation with glucuronic acid, bilirubin is water-soluble and can be excreted. Bilirubin is structurally similar to the pigment phycobilin used by certain algae to capture light energy, and to the pigment phytochrome used by plants to sense light. All of these contain an open chain of four pyrrolic rings. Like these other pigments, some of the double-bonds in bilirubin isomer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Van Den Bergh Reaction
Van den Bergh reaction is a chemical reaction used to measure bilirubin levels in blood. More specifically, it determines the amount of conjugated bilirubin in the blood. The reaction produces azobilirubin. Principle: bilirubin reacts with diazotised sulfanilic acid, sulphanilic acid to produce purple coloured azobilirubin. This reaction is highly useful in understanding the nature of jaundice. This was pioneered by the Dutch physician, Abraham Albert Hijmans van den Bergh (1869–1943) of Utrecht. This test helps to identify the type of jaundice. The serum of the patient is mixed with diazo reagent. If a red colour develops immediately it is called a direct positive. It happens if conjugated bilirubin is present. In an indirect positive test, the patient's serum is first treated with alcohol and later mixed with diazo reagent. This causes development of a red colour. It is seen if unconjugated bilirubin is present. If both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin are present the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfanilic Acid
Sulfanilic acid (4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) is an organic compound with the formula H3NC6H4SO3. It is an off-white solid. It is a zwitterion, which explains its high melting point. It is a common building block in organic chemistry."Sulphanilic acid". ''A Dictionary of Chemistry''. Oxford University Press, 2000. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Synthesis Sulfanilic acid can be produced by sulfonation of aniline with concentrated sulfuric acid.Siegfried Hauptmann: ''Organische Chemie'', 2nd Edition, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1985, p. 511, . This proceeds via phenylsulfamic acid; a zwitterion with a N-S bond. Eugen Bamberger originally proposed a mechanism involving a series of intramolecular rearrangements, with phenylsulfamic acid forming orthanilic acid, which rearranged to sulfanilic acid on heating. Subsequent radiosulphur studies showed that the process is intermolecular, with the phenylsulfamic acid desulfating to generate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaundice
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or, less frequently, greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism, liver dysfunction, or biliary-tract obstruction. The prevalence of jaundice in adults is rare, while jaundice in babies is common, with an estimated 80% affected during their first week of life. The most commonly associated symptoms of jaundice are itchiness, pale feces, and dark urine. Normal levels of bilirubin in blood are below 1.0 mg/ dl (17 μmol/ L), while levels over 2–3 mg/dl (34–51 μmol/L) typically result in jaundice. High blood bilirubin is divided into two types: unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin. Causes of jaundice vary from relatively benign to potentially fatal. High unconjugated bilirubin may be due to excess red blood cell breakdown, large bruises, gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methanol
Methanol (also called methyl alcohol and wood spirit, amongst other names) is an organic chemical compound and the simplest aliphatic Alcohol (chemistry), alcohol, with the chemical formula (a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, often abbreviated as MeOH). It is a light, Volatility (chemistry), volatile, colorless and flammable liquid with a distinctive alcoholic odor similar to that of ethanol (potable alcohol), but is more acutely toxic than the latter. Methanol acquired the name wood alcohol because it was once produced through destructive distillation of wood. Today, methanol is mainly produced industrially by hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Methanol consists of a methyl group linked to a polar hydroxyl group. With more than 20 million tons produced annually, it is used as a Precursor (chemistry), precursor to other commodity chemicals, including formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl ''tert''-butyl ether, methyl benzoate, anisole, peroxyacids, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
