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Azerbaijani Manat
The manat (ISO 4217, ISO code: AZN; Currency symbol, sign: ₼; abbreviation: m) is the currency of Azerbaijan. It is subdivided into 100 ''gapiks''. The first iteration of the currency emerged in the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and its successor, the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, with the issues happening in 1919–1923. The currency underwent hyperinflation, and was eventually substituted by the Transcaucasian ruble, which, in its turn, was converted to the Soviet ruble. When Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union, it substituted the Soviet ruble with the manat, which also went through a period of high inflation in the first years, rendering the coinage obsolete. The current manat in circulation has existed since the Redenomination of the Azerbaijani manat, redenomination in 2006, when old manats (AZM) were substituted with lower face values and new design. The currency has mostly been pegged to the United States dollar, US dollar, at what is now the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Ruble
The ruble or rouble (; Currency symbol, symbol: ₽; ISO 4217, ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russia, Russian Federation. Banknotes and coins are issued by the Central Bank of Russia, which is Russia's central bank, monetary authority independent of all other government bodies.wikisource:en:Constitution of Russia#Article 75, Article 75 - Constitution of the Russian Federation (English translation) The ruble is the second-oldest currency in continuous use and the first Decimalisation, decimal currency. The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire, which was replaced by the Soviet ruble (code: SUR) during the Soviet Union, Soviet period. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, by 1992, the Soviet ruble was replaced in the Russian Federation by the Russian ruble (code: RUR) Par value, at par. The Russian ruble then further continued to be used in 11 post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redenomination Of The Azerbaijani Manat
The redenomination of the Azerbaijani manat was a reform of Azerbaijan's national currency, manat, when 1 new manat was equated to 5000 old manats. The redenomination was conducted in 2006 in accordance with the February 7, 2005 decree of Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev. Alongside banknotes of lower denomination, it re-introduced coins ( qapiks) that had existed briefly in 1992–1993. Some banknotes retained their previous denominations, but their design was changed. The older banknotes officially ceased circulation after 1 January 2007, but they are exchanged by the Central Bank of Azerbaijan and its branches indefinitely, without restrictions or fee. Decree The redenomination was initiated by presidential decree No. 189 "On Changing the Nominal Value of Banknotes and the Scale of Prices (Denomination) in the Republic of Azerbaijan" dated 7 February 2005. The cited reasons for the redenomination were the high scale of prices and the low nominal rate of the manat, which "c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupronickel
Cupronickel or copper–nickel (CuNi) is an alloy of copper with nickel, usually along with small quantities of other metals added for strength, such as iron and manganese. The copper content typically varies from 60 to 90 percent. ( Monel is a nickel–copper alloy that contains a minimum of 52 percent nickel.) Despite its high copper content, cupronickel is silver in colour. Cupronickel is highly resistant to corrosion by salt water, and is therefore used for piping, heat exchangers and condensers in seawater systems, as well as for marine hardware. It is sometimes used for the propellers, propeller shafts, and hulls of high-quality boats. Other uses include military equipment and chemical industry, petrochemical industry, and electrical industries. In decorative use, a cupronickel alloy called nickel silver is common, although it contains additional zinc but no silver. Another common 20th-century use of cupronickel was silver-coloured coins. For this use, the typical alloy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally copper and zinc. In use since prehistoric times, it is a substitutional alloy: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure. Brass is similar to bronze, a copper alloy that contains tin instead of zinc. Both bronze and brass may include small proportions of a range of other Chemical element, elements including arsenic, lead, phosphorus, aluminium, manganese and silicon. Historically, the distinction between the two alloys has been less consistent and clear, and increasingly museums use the more general term "list of copper alloys, copper alloy". Brass has long been a popular material for its bright gold-like appearance and is still used for drawer pulls and door handle, doorknobs. It has also been widely used to ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Manat Coins
The second (symbol: s) is a unit of time derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes, and finally to 60 seconds each (24 × 60 × 60 = 86400). The current and formal definition in the International System of Units (SI) is more precise: The second ..is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the caesium frequency, Δ''ν''Cs, the unperturbed ground-state hyperfine transition frequency of the caesium 133 atom, to be when expressed in the unit Hz, which is equal to s−1. This current definition was adopted in 1967 when it became feasible to define the second based on fundamental properties of nature with caesium clocks. As the speed of Earth's rotation varies and is slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added at irregular intervals to civil time to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation. The definition that is based on of a rotation of the earth is still used by the Universal Time 1 (UT1) system. Etymology "Minute" comes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Price Of Oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel () of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western Canadian Select (WCS). Oil prices are determined by global supply and demand, rather than any country's domestic production level. Through the years The global price of crude oil was relatively consistent in the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. This changed in the 1970s, with a significant increase in the price of oil globally. There have been a number of structural drivers of global oil prices historically, including oil supply, demand, and storage shocks, and shocks to global economic growth affecting oil prices. Notable events driving significant price fluctuations include the 1973 OPEC oil embargo targeting nations that had supported I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrodollar
Petrocurrency (or petrodollar) is a word used with three distinct meanings, often confused: #Dollars paid to oil-producing nations (petrodollar recycling)—a term invented in the 1970s meaning trading surpluses of oil-producing nations. #Currencies of oil-producing nations which tend to rise in value against other currencies when the price of oil rises (and fall when it falls). #Pricing of oil in US dollars: currencies used as a unit of account to price oil in the international market. Oil-producers' trading surpluses "Petrocurrency" or (more commonly) "petrodollars" are popular shorthand for revenues from petroleum exports, mainly from the OPEC members plus Russia and Norway. Especially during periods of historically expensive oil, the associated financial flows can reach a scale of hundreds of billions of US dollar-equivalents per year – including a wide range of transactions in a variety of currencies, some pegged to the US dollar and some not. Currencies correlated wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Bank Of Azerbaijan
The Central Bank of Azerbaijan (CBA, ) is the central bank of Azerbaijan, with its headquarters in the capital city Baku. The National Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan was established by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Establishment of the National Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan dated 11 February 1992. The National Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan was renamed the “Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan” upon enactment of the Referendum Act of the Republic of Azerbaijan on “Making additions and amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan” dated 18 March 2009. The status, goals, functions and authorities, as well as the management and organizational structure of the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan, relations with public authorities and other persons as the central bank of the state, are determined by the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On the Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan” dated 10 De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic
, image_flag = Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg , flag_type = Flag(1925–1936) , image_coat = Emblem of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1930-1936).svg , symbol_type = Emblem(1930–1936) , national_anthem = "The Internationale" , image_map = Soviet Union - Transcaucasia.svg , image_map_caption = Location of the Transcaucasian SFSR (red) within the Soviet Union , status = Union Republic of the Soviet Union(1922–1936) , capital = Tiflis (Tbilisi) , common_languages = Armenian Azerbaijani GeorgianRussian , ethnic_groups = 30.7% Georgians28.2% Azerbaijanis22.7% Armenians5.7% Russians5.2% Iranian peoples1.1% Jews1.0% Lezgic peoples1.0% Greeks1.0% Abkhazians3.4% Others , ethnic_groups_year = 1926 , demonym = Transcaucasian , government_type = Federal Soviet socialist republic , legislature = All-Caucasia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians. It was the ''de facto'' and ''de jure'' De facto#National languages, official language of the former Soviet Union.1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 Russian has remained an official language of the Russia, Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Russian language in Israel, Israel. Russian has over 253 million total speakers worldwide. It is the List of languages by number of speakers in Europe, most spoken native language in Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijani Language
Azerbaijani ( ; , , ) or Azeri ( ), also referred to as Azerbaijani Turkic or Azerbaijani Turkish (, , ), is a Turkic languages, Turkic language from the Oghuz languages, Oghuz sub-branch. It is spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani people, who live mainly in the Azerbaijan, Republic of Azerbaijan, where the North Azerbaijani Variety (linguistics), variety is spoken, while Iranian Azerbaijanis in the Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region of Iran, speak the South Azerbaijani Variety (linguistics), variety. Azerbaijani is the only official language in the Republic of Azerbaijan and one of the 14 official languages of Dagestan (a Federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia), but it does not have official status in Iran, where the majority of Iranian Azerbaijanis, Iranian Azerbaijani people live. Azerbaijani is also spoken to lesser varying degrees in Azerbaijani communities of Georgia (country), Georgia and Turkey and by Azerbaijani diaspora, diaspora communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic
The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, also referred to as the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, Azerbaijan SSR, Azerbaijani SSR, AzSSR, Soviet Azerbaijan or simply Azerbaijan, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1922 and 1991. Created on 28 April 1920 when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic brought pro-Soviet figures to power in the region, the first two years of the Azerbaijani SSR were as an independent country until incorporation into the Transcaucasian SFSR, along with the Armenian SSR and the Georgian SSR. In December 1922, the Transcaucasian SFSR became part of the newly established Soviet Union. The Constitution of Azerbaijan SSR was approved by the 9th Extraordinary All-Azerbaijani Congress of Soviets on 14 March 1937. On 5 February 1991, Azerbaijan SSR was renamed the Republic of Azerbaijan according to the Decision No.16-XII of Supreme Soviet of Azerbaijan approving the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan SSR date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
