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Avelar
Avelar is a civil parish of the municipality of Ansião, Portugal. It was a '' vila'' during two occasions: for the first time from November 12, 1514 through December 31, 1836; and for the second time from June 21, 1995 to the present day. Etymology The name ''avelar'' is said to come from the Latin ''avellanale'' or ''avellanal'', related to hazels (''Corylus avellana''). The name was later appended to the town as a result of the Jewish expulsions from Spain (1391, 1492) and the subsequent resettlement of Jews in Portugal. History Antiquity An old Roman pathway connecting Conímbriga (modern day Condeixa) to Sellium (modern day Tomar) passed through the location of modern-day Avelar. Medieval history The first known reference to Avelar is from the year 1137, when Afonso Henriques (not yet King of Portugal) cites an "Avellaal" on the ''foral'' granted to Penela. In November 1221, King Afonso II, the grandson of Afonso I, gave the Avelar estate to Martim Anes, his (the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ansião
Ansião () is a municipality in Leiria District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 13,128,Instituto Nacional de Estatística in an area of 176.09 km². The present Mayor is António José Domingues, elected by the . The municipal holiday is . Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 6 civil parishes (''[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Towns In Portugal
A town () in Portugal, does not necessarily correspond to a ''municipality''. There are 533 towns in Portugal. Some towns are the seat of municipality; others belong to a municipality. Alphabetically, the towns are as follows: Source: Instituto Nacional de Estatística A * A dos Cunhados * A dos Francos * Abragão * Abraveses * Aguada de Cima * Águas Santas (in Maia Municipality) * Aguiar da Beira * Alandroal * Albergaria-a-Velha * Alcains * Alcanena * Alcanhões * Alcantarilha, in Silves Municipality * Alcobertas * Alcochete * Alcoutim * Aldeia do Carvalho * Alenquer * Alfândega da Fé * Alfarelos ( Soure Municipality) * Alfeizerão * Algés, Oeiras Municipality * Algoz * Algueirão-Mem Martins, Sintra Municipality * Alhadas * Alhandra * Alhos Vedros * Alijó * Aljezur * Aljubarrota * Aljustrel * Almancil * Almeida * Almendra * Almodôvar * Almofala, Castro Daire Municipality * Alpendurada * Alpiarça * Alter do Chão * Alvaiázere * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John IV Of Portugal
''Dom (honorific), Dom'' John IV (; 19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656), also known by the Portuguese as John the Restorer (), was the List of Portuguese monarchs, King of Portugal from 1640 until his death in 1656. He Portuguese Restoration War, restored the independence of Portugal from Habsburg Spain, Habsburg Spanish rule by terminating the 60-year-old Iberian Union in which Portugal and Spain personal union, shared the same monarch, and by establishing the House of Braganza on the Portuguese throne. Before becoming king, he was John II, the 8th Duke of Braganza. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, a claimant to the crown during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire was at its territorial zenith, spanning the globe. Early life John IV was born at Vila Viçosa and succeeded his father Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza, Teodósio II as Duke of Braganza when the latter died insane in 1630. He married Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centro Region, Portugal
The Central Region (, ) or Central Portugal is one of the NUTS statistical regions of Portugal, statistical regions of Portugal. The cities with major administrative status inside this region are Coimbra, Aveiro, Portugal, Aveiro, Viseu, Leiria, Castelo Branco, Portugal, Castelo Branco and Guarda, Portugal, Guarda. It is one of the seven Regions of Portugal (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS II subdivisions). It is also one of the regions of Europe, as given by the European Union for statistical and Geography, geographical purposes. Its area totals . As of 2011, its population totalled 2,327,026 inhabitants, with a population density of 82 inhabitants per square kilometre. History Inhabited by the Lusitanians, an Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula, the Roman Republic, Romans settled in the region and colonized it as a part of the Roman Province of ''Lusitania, Lusitânia''. The Roman town of Conímbriga, near Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard-bearer
A standard-bearer, also known as a colour-bearer or flag-bearer, is a person who bears an emblem known as a standard or military colours, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible but mobile image, which is used (and often honoured) as a formal, visual symbol of a state, prince, military unit, etc. This can either be an occasional duty, often seen as an honour (especially on parade), or a permanent charge (also on the battlefield); the second type has even led in certain cases to this task being reflected in official rank titles such as Chorąży, Ensign, Cornet, Fähnrich and Alferes/ Alférez. Role In the context of the Olympic Games, a flagbearer is the athlete who carries the flag of their country during the opening and closing ceremonies. While at present a purely ceremonial function, as far back as Roman warfare and medieval warfare bearing the standard had an important role on the battlefield. The standard-bearer acted as an indicator of where the position of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concelho
Concelho () is the Portuguese-language term for municipality, referring to the territorial subdivision in local government. In comparison, the word ''município'' () refers to the organs of State. This differentiation is still in use in Portugal and some of its former overseas provinces, but is no longer in use in Brazil following the abolition of these organs, in favour of the French prefecture system. It is similar to borough and council. History After the civil parish (), the Portuguese ''concelho'' is the most stable territorial subdivision within the country, with over 900 years of history. Founded in the royal charters attributed to parcels and territorial enclaves, in order to establish a presence by the Crown, rather than personal fiefdoms of the nobility and aristocracy. This municipal institution changed throughout history: many were abolished and reconstituted based on the political necessity; first they were subject to the specifics of each charter (which varied bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decree
A decree is a law, legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, monarch, royal figure, or other relevant Authority, authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislative Law, Legislative laws, or customary laws of a government. Belgium In Belgium, a decree is a law of a Communities, regions and language areas in Belgium, community or regional parliament, e.g. the Flemish Parliament. Catholic Church A decree (Ecclesiastical Latin, Latin: ''decretum'') in the usage of the canon law (Catholic Church), canon law of the Catholic Church has various meanings. Any papal bull, papal brief, brief, or motu proprio is a decree inasmuch as these documents are legislative acts of the pope. In this sense, the term is quite ancient. The Roman Congregations were formerly empowered to issue decrees in matters which come under their particular jurisdiction but were forbidden from continuing to do so under Pope Benedic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secundogeniture
A secundogeniture (from 'following, second', and 'born') was a dependent territory given to a younger son of a princely house and his descendants, creating a cadet branch.Luard, Evan. The Balance of Power: The System of International Relations, 1648–1815'. Springer, 2016. 159. This was a special form of inheritance in which the second and younger son received more possessions and prestige than the apanage which was usual in principalities practising primogeniture. It avoided the generational division of the estate to the extent that occurred under gavelkind, and at the same time gave younger branches a stake in the stability of the house. In the rare cases in which the beneficiary was the third son in the order of succession, the second being already the holder of a secundogeniture, the domain given as a benefit was called a tertiogeniture. Creation The creation of a secundogeniture was often regulated by a house law. The younger sons would receive some territory, but mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appanage
An appanage, or apanage (; ), is the grant of an estate, title, office or other thing of value to a younger child of a monarch, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture (where only the eldest inherits). It was common in much of Europe. The system of appanage greatly influenced the territorial construction of France and the German states and explains why many of the former provinces of France had coats of arms which were modified versions of the king's arms. Etymology Late Latin , from or 'to give bread' (), a for food and other necessities, hence for a "subsistence" income, notably in kind, as from assigned land. Original appanage: in France History of the French appanage An appanage was a concession of a fief by the sovereign to his younger sons, while the eldest son became king on the death of his father. Appanages were considered as part of the inheritance transmitted to the (younger sons). The word was specifically used for the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of The Infantado
The House of the Infantado ( Portuguese: ''Casa do Infantado'') was an appanage for the second eldest son of the Portuguese monarch. History The House of the Infantado was created in 1654 by King John IV of Portugal from properties and riches confiscated from the Marquis of Vila Real, supporters of House of Habsburg during the Portuguese Restoration War. It belonged to and was passed on to the second-born son of each King — i.e., the Infante that was not entitled to the crown — as his appanage. This member of the Portuguese royal family was known as the Lord of the House of the Infantado (''Senhor da Casa do Infantado'') or simply the Lord of the Infantado (''Senhor do Infantado''). The measure was intended to "perpetuate and extend as much as possible the blood of the royal family." The extinction of the House of Aviz in 1580 had brought the Kingdom of Portugal in personal union with Spain, ''de facto'' subjecting the country to Spanish rule. Thus the country's independenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquis Of Vila Real
Marquis of Vila Real (in Portuguese ''Marquês de Vila Real'') was a Portuguese title of nobility created by a royal decree, dated from 1 March 1489, by King John II of Portugal, and granted to ''Dom'' Pedro de Menezes, also known as Peter II of Menezes, 3rd Count of Vila Real. The House of Vila Real was the most powerful aristocratic House in Portugal, during the 16th and 17th centuries, after the Dukes of Braganza and the Dukes of Aveiro. To reward their support during the 1580 Portuguese succession crisis, the Spanish Habsburgs granted this House new titles (Duke of Vila Real and Duke of Caminha). However, all this wealth was confiscated and Miguel Luís II, 2nd Duke of Caminha, was executed for high treason on the order of King John IV of Portugal for supporting the right of the Spanish Habsburg Kings to the Portuguese throne after the revolution of 1640. List of marquesses of Vila Real #Pedro de Menezes, 1st Marquis of Vila Real (1425–1499), also known as Peter II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Restoration War
The Restoration War (), historically known as the Acclamation War (''Guerra da Aclamação''), was the war between Portugal and Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco-Spanish War until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663. In the seventeenth century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the ''Acclamation War''. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg who had been united with the Portuguese crown since the 1580 succes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
